The patient was a woman in her 70s, who had been diagnosed as having a malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the right axilla with invasion to the intrathoracic space at a local hospital. The growth of cytokine-producing tumor was suspected, and thrombocytopenia caused by bleeding and jaundice by blood transfusion were disclosed. When she was admitted to our palliative care unit, the platelet count was 19,000/μl and total bilirubin was 6.4mg/dl. Furthermore, several predictive fools showed the prognosis for survival was poor. After transferal to our hospital, the patient was treated mainly with medication. No blood transfusion was given. In the clinical course, the platelet count and total bilirubin level were restored to normalcy. The patient lived on for another five months or over. The contributing factors, in prolonging her life longer than predicted were probably as follows; (1) spontaneous recovery of thrombocytopenia without bleeding, (2) improvement of jaundice caused by the blood transfusion, and (3) foods taken orally even in small amounts. There are patients whose prognosis varies substantially in the fields of the palliative care. It is important to work out proper medical treatment and care plans according to symptoms and the status of patients.

  With the spread of a novel H1N1 strain of influenza A around the world, the World Health Organization declared that the situation had entered the pandemic phase. In Japan, it had a major social impact, causing a great hit to the national economy. And there is every likelihood that the H1N1 influenza is going to break out a lot of people on the staff of the agricultural cooperatives in Aichi Prefecture, seriously affecting the activities of agricultural cooperatives too. Based on the amount of damage from the flu presumed by the Japanese government and various kinds of statistical material, we worked out how much the flu would cost the agricultural co-ops in the prefecture by infecting their employees and involved their family. At an absence rate of 20%, the lowest rate presupposed by the government, our calculation showed that the extra costs would amount to 740 million yen altogether. If the rete of abscense from work was given 40%, the largest estimate by the government, the costs rocketed to highly 1.48 billion yen. A check on the situation of individual co-ops revealed that some of the co-ops would burden an extra cost of well over 100 million yen. From these findings, we concluded that to minimize the effects of the flu appropriate, effective countermeasures have to be taken after sufficient information about the novel influenza virus was collected and analyzed carefully.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. PURPOSE: The first research on the erector spinae plane (ESP) block was published in 2016. To our knowledge, no cohort studies or randomized controlled trials of the ESP block were performed in 2016 and 2017. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: This study retrospectively investigated the efficacy of the ESP block in pain management after lumbar spinal surgery. METHODS: Patients who underwent lumbar spinal surgery in 2017 were enrolled in the study. Those who underwent secondary surgery with local anesthesia other than the ESP block were excluded. The primary outcome was the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain score at various time points until the morning of postoperative day 2. The secondary outcomes were the amount of intravenous fentanyl administered during the first 24 hours following the surgery and the number of patients with complaints of complications such as nausea and vomiting until the morning of postoperative day 2. RESULTS: The data of 41 patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, 23 received only general anesthesia (G group), whereas the other 18 patients received the ESP block in addition to general anesthesia (E group). The NRS pain scores and the amount of fentanyl administered were lower in the G group than in the E group at all measured time points (all data were less than p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (p=0.11). CONCLUSIONS: The ESP block provides effective postoperative analgesic effect for 24 hours in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Cohort Studies ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Pain Management ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Nerves ; Vomiting