A patient with mutiple aneurysms of the thoracic aorta in Behçet's disease was treated with transluminally placed endovascular stent grafts. Stent graft devices composed of several units of self-expandable Z stents covered with ultra-thin woven Dacron were inserted through 18 Fr sheaths via the femoral arteries. The stent grafts were deployed successfully and blood flow into the aneurysms was reduced immediately and no blood endoleak was found on aortography. However minor endoleak due to migrations of the stent grafts was recognized in two distal descending aortic aneurysms twenty days after the operation. Extra stent grafts were inserted to interrupt the endoleak and finally all aneurysms were thrombosed without any endoleak. Former surgical replacement of the aorta due to aneurysms associated with vasculo-Behçet's disease often causes anastomotic leakage and pseudoaneurysms. The endoluminal stent graft treatment is a minimally invasive operation in comparison with former surgical operations, and is useful for aortic aeurysms especially for inflammatory aneurysms in Behçet's disease because it requires no anastomotis. However, improvement of the stent graft devices, including components of the delivery system such as the dilator, sheath and pushing rod, and the development of better devices, is required to reduce delivery failure and to make stent graft treatment more reliable.

Ten cases of pseudoaneurysms that developed after thoracic aortic surgery were treated with an endovascular technique using stent grafts for redo operations. All patients were treated under general anesthesia and the stent grafts were implanted through 18 Fr or 20 Fr sheath introducers via femoral arteries under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent graft was composed of several units of self-expanding stainless-steel Z stents covered with an ultra-thin polyester fabric. Stent graft deployment was technically successful in all patients and in 7 of 10 cases exclusion of the aneurysms with no endoleak was achieved within two weeks after the operation (initial success rate: 70%). Minor endoleak was found in 3 patients and one of those finally underwent conventional surgery because of stent graft migration 6 months after the stent graft repair. Two of ten patients died, 10 days and 18 weeks after the operation, due to hemoptysis, which had already been observed before the operation. Endovascular stent graft repair of pseudoaneurysms after thoracic aortic surgery is a minimally invasive operation in comparison with conventional redo surgery with extracorporeal circulation. These results and experiences suggest that stent graft repair can be a safe and useful redo treatment for pseudoaneurysms. However, careful long-term investigations are necessary to prove the value and effect of this endovascular treatment and a new strategy for cases with hemoptysis is required.

A high-risk abdominal aortic aneurysm patient with multiple complications was treated by a transluminally placed endovascular stent-graft. A tapered stent-graft composed of 3 units of self-expandable Z stents covered with ultra-thin woven Dacron was inserted through an 18 Fr sheath via the femoral artery. The stent-graft was deployed successfully, and endovascular exclusion of the abdominal aortic aneurysm was achieved. The endoluminal stent-graft treatment is an option for minimally invasive operation in comparison with conventional open surgery, and appears to be effective for aortic aneurysms in certain selected cases.