The ratio of men to women was studied in 331 patients hospitalized into our department for the past three years for various liver diseases. Two factors seemed to affect the sex difference in the morbidity of liver disease. One was a history of drinking, the other a positive ratio of HBs antigen. So, heavy drinkers and HBs antigen positive cases were excluded from the patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and the male/female ratio was studied again. The ratio of men to women in the patients with liver cirrhosis was 1.3: 1, 4. 1: 1 in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 2.0: 1 in the patients with chronic hepatitis. The male ratio was strikingly high in the case of hepatocellular carcinoma. It is thought that liver cirrhosis is a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. And then differences in the results of liver function tests between men and women were studied in the patients with liver cirrhosis. However, no remarkable difference was found between men and women.

The subjects are 223 women who participated in a mass medical examination. Their ages are between 40 and 79 years. We divided them into four age groups, and studied how aging and obesity influenced their physical health. The results showed the obesity index and serum total protein level were significantly low in the 70-to-79 age group. The serum total cholesterol level was significantly high in the age group between 40 and 50, and it was thought that the elevated cholesterol levels were due to menopause. Thus in females this suggests that a great physical change occurs first in the age group between 40 and 50, and second in the age group between 60 and 70.
Using 165 female cases whose ages were between 40 and 69 years were subdivided into four obesity index groups, we studied how the obesity influenced their physical health. The results showed that the problems include the elevation of diastolic blood pressure levels and serum uric acid levels.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PURPOSE: To clarify the influence of cervical spinal canal stenosis (CSCS) on neurological functional recovery after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) without major fracture or dislocation. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The biomechanical etiology of traumatic CSCI remains under discussion and its relationship with CSCS is one of the most controversial issues in the clinical management of traumatic CSCI. METHODS: To obtain a relatively uniform background, patients non-surgically treated for an acute C3-4 level CSCI without major fracture or dislocation were selected. We analyzed 58 subjects with traumatic CSCI using T2-weighted mid-sagittal magnetic resonance imaging. The sagittal diameter of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) column, degree of canal stenosis, and neurologic outcomes in motor function, including improvement rate, were assessed. RESULTS: There were no significant relationships between sagittal diameter of the CSF column at the C3-4 segment and their American Spinal Injury Association motor scores at both admission and discharge. Moreover, no significant relationships were observed between the sagittal diameter of the CSF column at the C3-4 segment and their neurological recovery during the following period. CONCLUSIONS: No relationships between pre-existing CSCS and neurological outcomes were evident after traumatic CSCI. These results suggest that decompression surgery might not be recommended for traumatic CSCI without major fracture or dislocation despite pre-existing CSCS.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Cervical Cord* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Decompression ; Dislocations* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Canal* ; Spinal Injuries

OBJECTIVES: To assess the vitamin D status in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fractures, determine its concentration by fracture site at the clinical setting, and compare the proportion of vitamin D deficiency with that reported in literature. METHODS: The prospective study included 317 postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fractures who were treated consecutively from 2016 to 2018. After obtaining informed consent for participation in the seamless treatment of osteoporosis against fractures study, which is our initiative to prevent secondary osteoporotic fractures, we registered the patients, examined bone mineral density (BMD) at the unfractured femoral neck and lumbar spine, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration, blood chemistry, and bone turnover markers. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 80.7 years. Moreover, 78% of patients of all fractures had 25(OH)D concentration < 20 ng/mL, whereas 12% of patients had 25(OH)D concentration ≥ 30 ng/mL 25(OH)D concentration in hip fractures was significantly lower than that in vertebral or distal radius fractures (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 25(OH)D concentration is significantly associated with femoral neck BMD (β = 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78–12.17, P = 0.03) and serum albumin concentration (β = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.62–2.96, P < 0.001) in patients with 25(OH)D concentration < 30 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that the proportion of postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fractures who had vitamin D deficiency was higher than the proportion in previous reports that examined general postmenopausal women (35.2%–52.0%).