Objective: We experienced a case with recurring constipation and diarrhea caused by morphine for relieving cancer pain, who were well managed with oral administration of misoprostol. Subject: The patient was a male in his 70s with recurrent bladder cancer following primary surgery, developed bone metastasis to right side pelvis and exhibited cancer-related pain. To alleviate the resting pain, he underwent radiotherapy and received a sustained preparation of morphine sulfate, that lead to difficulty in bowel movements (repeated constipation and diarrhea) and abdominal distension which was intractable with routine administration of laxatives. Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 derivatives, which was reported to have an ability to control the bowel movement was administered at a dose of 800μg/day, and the patient subsequently achieved the improvement of bowel dysfunction and resumed regular self-defecation. Discussion: Misoprostol do not only accelerate small intestine movement but also inhibits water and sodium absorption. In this case, it is suggested that the pharmacological properties of misoprostol enabled to improve bowel movement. We consider that misoprostol is useful as one of the medications for refractory constipation caused by opioid administration. Palliat Care Res 2008:3(1);301-304

Purpose: The effectiveness of a flow chart of medication for cancer pain treatment was investigated. This flow chart was developed at Sasebo Chuo Hospital, and calls for the early introduction of controlled-release oxycodone tablets in combination with prescribing of a rescue dose and agents to prevent adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Method: The flow chart was used with a group of 29 patients (FC group), but not with a group of 35 patients (non-FC group). The rate of titration, which was adjustment of opioid dosage to achieve cancer pain control, and time required to achieve titration were compared between these two groups. Results: The titration rate of the FC group was 93.1% and that of the non-FC group was 80.0%. Medication was changed to another opioid for 4 patients in the non-FC group because of nausea and vomiting. The time required to achieve titration was 3.8±2.2 days in the FC group and 5.3±3.0 days in the non-FC group, and a significant difference was noted (p=0.048). Conclusion: The use of this flow chart with its early introduction of opioid controlled-release oxycodone tablets appears to be effective in achieving cancer pain control at an early stage.

We evaluated 30 patients who required hemodialysis (HD) before open heart surgery between January 1990 and September 2003. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to surgical procedure: 20 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG group: 14 men and 6 women, mean age, 63 years), and 10 patients underwent valve replacement (VR group: 6 men and 4 women, mean age, 56 years). The mean duration of HD in the CABG group was significantly shorter than that in the VR group (67 months: 121 months, p=0.02). The actual survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier's method. No patient was lost to follow-up. There were 3 hospital deaths in the CABG group (cerebral infarction, arrhythmia, and mediastinitis), and 2 hospital deaths in the VR group (gangrenous cholecystitis and sepsis). There were also 5 late deaths in the CABG group (acute subdural hematoma, pneumonia, AMI, heart failure and gastric cancer) and 4 deaths in the VR group (uterus cancer, 2 intracerebral hemorrhages and PVE). All cardiac event deaths in the CABG group had undergone CABG only with vein grafts. The 4-year actuarial survival rates were 56% (n=5) in the CABG group with a mean follow-up period of 29 months (max 156 months), and 47% (n=3) in the VR group with a mean follow-up period of 35 months (max 131 months). There are 3 points to improve the prognosis of open heart surgery in hemodialysis patients: control of postoperative infection in both groups, prevention of cardiac events in the CABG group and careful anticoagulation therapy in the VR group.

Atherosclerotic risk factors contribute to carotid atherosclerosis. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), as assessed using a non-invasive high-resolution ultrasound, can predict cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whereas the control of CVD is crucial for the Mongolian people, the studies on carotid atherosclerosis are lacking. The present population-based survey was a cross-sectional investigation of the determinants of carotid IMT in the general Mongolian population. A total of 344 Mongolian volunteers, aged 18-69 years, without CVD and on no medication, were recruited from a health screening setting. The current smoking habits, body mass index, mean blood pressure (MBP), blood total cholesterol (TC), glucose, insulin and carotid IMT (maximum level) were measured. Mongolian males had a significantly higher prevalence of current smoking and a higher level of IMT than females (average=0.58 mm in males vs 0.46 in females). Both a single and multiple regression analysis adjusted for all the regression analysis adjusted for all the measures revealed that IMT was significantly and positively correlated with age, male sex, MBP, TC and glucose among all of the participants. IMT was significantly and positively correlated with age, followed by MBP, TC and glucose among males, while among females, IMT was significantly and positively correlated with age, followed by MBP and TC. Age was the strongest determinant of carotid atherosclerosis, and the increases in blood pressure and cholesterol levels were also important measures in both sexes as well as glucose levels in males in particularly, thus suggesting a preventive strategy necessary for CVD in the general Mongolian population.

Atherosclerotic risk factors contribute to carotid atherosclerosis. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), as assessed using a non-invasive high-resolution ultrasound, can predict cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whereas the control of CVD is crucial for the Mongolian people, the studies on carotid atherosclerosis are lacking. The present population-based survey was a cross-sectional investigation of the determinants of carotid IMT in the general Mongolian population.A total of 344 Mongolian volunteers, aged 18-69 years, without CVD and on no medication, were recruited from a health screening setting. The current smoking habits, body mass index, mean blood pressure (MBP), blood total cholesterol (TC), glucose, insulin and carotid IMT (maximum level) were measured.Mongolian males had a significantly higher prevalence of current smoking and a higher level of IMT than females (average=0.58 mm in males vs 0.46 in females). Both a single and multiple regression analysis adjusted for all the regression analysis adjusted for all the measures revealed that IMT was significantly and positively correlated with age, male sex, MBP, TC and glucose among all of the participants. IMT was significantly and positively correlated with age, followed by MBP, TC and glucose among males, while among females, IMT was significantly and positively correlated with age, followed by MBP and TC.Age was the strongest determinant of carotid atherosclerosis, and the increases in blood pressure and cholesterol levels were also important measures in both sexes as well as glucose levels in males in particularly, thus suggesting a preventive strategy necessary for CVD in the general Mongolian population.

STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical magnitude and learning curve of "second-generation" total en bloc spondylectomy (TES). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: In June 2010, we developed second-generation TES combined with tumor-induced cryoimmunology, which does not require autograft harvesting. METHODS: TES was performed in 63 patients between June 2010 and September 2013. Three groups of patients were evaluated: 20 undergoing surgery in the first year of development of second-generation TES (group I), 20 in the second year (group II), and 23 in the third year (group III). Patient backgrounds showed no remarkable differences. Operating time, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion, and postoperative C-reactive protein and creatine phosphokinase were compared among the groups. RESULTS: Mean±standard deviation operating time was 486±130 minutes in group I, 441±85 minutes in group II, and 396±75 minutes in group III. The time was significantly shorter in group III than in group I (p<0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was 901±646 mL in group I, 433±177 mL in group II, and 411±167 mL in group III. Blood loss was significantly lower in groups II and III than in group I (p<0.01). Transfusion was not required in 20 of 23 patients in group III, and mean C-reactive protein levels on postoperative day 3 were significantly lower in this group than in group I (6.12 mg/L vs. 10.07 mg/L; p<0.05). Postoperative creatine phosphokinase levels did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: TES is associated with a significant learning curve. Thus, second-generation TES can no longer be considered highly invasive.
Autografts ; Blood Transfusion ; C-Reactive Protein ; Case-Control Studies ; Creatine Kinase ; Humans ; Learning Curve* ; Learning*

STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical magnitude and learning curve of "second-generation" total en bloc spondylectomy (TES). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: In June 2010, we developed second-generation TES combined with tumor-induced cryoimmunology, which does not require autograft harvesting. METHODS: TES was performed in 63 patients between June 2010 and September 2013. Three groups of patients were evaluated: 20 undergoing surgery in the first year of development of second-generation TES (group I), 20 in the second year (group II), and 23 in the third year (group III). Patient backgrounds showed no remarkable differences. Operating time, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion, and postoperative C-reactive protein and creatine phosphokinase were compared among the groups. RESULTS: Mean±standard deviation operating time was 486±130 minutes in group I, 441±85 minutes in group II, and 396±75 minutes in group III. The time was significantly shorter in group III than in group I (p<0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was 901±646 mL in group I, 433±177 mL in group II, and 411±167 mL in group III. Blood loss was significantly lower in groups II and III than in group I (p<0.01). Transfusion was not required in 20 of 23 patients in group III, and mean C-reactive protein levels on postoperative day 3 were significantly lower in this group than in group I (6.12 mg/L vs. 10.07 mg/L; p<0.05). Postoperative creatine phosphokinase levels did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: TES is associated with a significant learning curve. Thus, second-generation TES can no longer be considered highly invasive.
Autografts ; Blood Transfusion ; C-Reactive Protein ; Case-Control Studies ; Creatine Kinase ; Humans ; Learning Curve* ; Learning*

We present a rare case of a patient who underwent complete microendoscopic excision of an osteoid osteoma, which induced radiculopathy without nerve root compression. A 20-year-old man presented severe right groin pain that was temporarily relieved by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed typical features of a nidus located in the inferior cortex of the right L3 pedicle. We performed surgery using a posterior microendoscopic approach. We drilled vertically along the line of the cortex of the caudal pedicle using a high-speed drill. After identifying the tumor, en bloc resection of the nidus was achieved. Immediately after surgery, pain in the right groin disappeared. A CT scan showed that most of the right L3 pedicle remained. This minimally invasive technique preserves spinal structures, including the facet and pedicle, and is a viable option for the treatment of spinal osteoid osteomas located close to vital structures.
Groin ; Humans ; Osteoma, Osteoid* ; Radiculopathy ; Spine* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. PURPOSE: To evaluate the immunity-enhancing effect of implantation of a liquid nitrogen-treated tumor. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: We have developed a new technique of implanting a tumor frozen in liquid nitrogen after posterior decompression and stabilization, with the aim of enhancing antitumor immunity in order to prolong the survival period of the patient. In the current study, the immunity-enhancing effect of this new technique has been evaluated. METHODS: The subjects were 19 patients in whom we had earlier performed decompression and stabilization between April 2011 and September 2013. The 19 subjects were divided into two groups, namely a frozen autologous tumor tissue implantation group (n=15; "implantation group"), which consisted of patients, who underwent implantation with autologous tumor tissue frozen in liquid nitrogen, and a control group (n=4), which consisted of patients, who did not undergo autologous cancer transplantation. To evaluate the immunity-enhancing effect of the protocol, plasma cytokines (interferon [IFN]-gamma and interleukin [IL]-12) were analyzed before surgery and a month after surgery. RESULTS: The mean rate of increase in IFN-gamma was significantly higher in the implantation group (p=0.03). Regarding IL-12, no significant difference was observed between the groups, although the implantation group exhibited increased levels of IL-12 (p=0.22). CONCLUSIONS: Decompression and stabilization combined with autologous frozen tumor cell implantation can enhance cancer immunity in metastatic spinal tumor patients. It is hypothesized that this procedure might prevent local recurrence and prolong survival period.
Cytokines ; Decompression* ; Humans ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukins ; Nitrogen* ; Plasma ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Background/Aims: Proteinase 3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA) is a serologic marker for granulomatosis with polyangiitis. However, recent studies have also shown their role as diagnostic markers for ulcerative colitis (UC). This study was performed to investigate the clinical roles of PR3-ANCAs in the disease severity, disease extension, and clinical course of UC. Methods: Serum PR3-ANCAs were measured in 173 UC patients including 77 patients with new-onset patients UC diagnosed within 1 month, 110 patients with Crohn’s disease, 48 patients with other intestinal diseases, and 71 healthy controls. Associations between the PR3-ANCA titer and clinical data, such as disease severity, disease extension, and clinical course, were assessed. The clinical utility of PR3-ANCA measurement was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: PR3-ANCA ≥3.5 U/mL demonstrated 44.5% sensitivity and 95.6% specificity for thediagnosis of UC in all patients. PR3-ANCA positivity was more prevalent in the 77 new-onset UC patients (58.4%). In this group, the disease severity and extension were more severe in PR3-ANCA positive patients than in PR3-ANCA negative group (p<0.001). After treatment, the partial Mayo scores were significantly decreased with the PR3-ANCA titers. The proportion of patients who required steroids for induction therapy was significantly higher among PR3-ANCA positive than negative group. ROC analysis revealed that PR3-ANCA ≥3.5 U/mL had 75% sensitivity and 69.0% specificity for steroid requirement in new-onset UC patients. Conclusions Our results indicate that PR3-ANCA measurement is useful not only for diagnosing UC but also for evaluating disease severity and extension and predicting the clinical course.