Objective To investigate the effects of memantine hydrochloride on the learning and memory function in vascular dementia (VaD) in rats and its possible mechanism.Methods A rat VaD model was induced by using permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligatioa A total of 36 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, VaD group,and memantine group (memantine hydrochloride was given by intragastric administration, once a day, for eight weeks) (n = 12 in each group). Y maze test was used to observe their behavioral changes. Immunohistochemistry technique was used to detect the changes of the expressions of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and cytochrome c (CytC) in hippocampal CA1 region and cortex; and TUNEL method was used to detect neuronal apoptosis. Results The learning and memory abilities in memantine group were 50.17 ± 5.56 and 7.08 ± 0.90 respectively, and they were significantly better than 66.36 ± 5.41 and 4.64 ± 1.03 in the VaD group (all P＜0.01); the mean absorbencies of CREB in hippocampal CA1 region and cortex were 147.51 ± 7.11 and 155.37 ± 4.52, respectively, and they were significantly higher than 135.11 ± 8.52 and 142.39 ± 5.24 in the VaD group (all P＜0.01); and the mean absorbencies of CytC in hippocampal CA1 region and cortex were 116.53 ± 4.91 and 113.51 ± 6.05, and they wre significantly lower than 136.65 ±7.43 and 138.09 ±4.88 in the VaD group (all P ＜ 0.01); the extent of apoptosis in the memantine group was also improved significantly compared to the VaD group. Conclusions Memantine hydrochloride may improve the learning and memory function in VaD rats by upregulating the expression of CREB and inhibiting the release of CytC and neuronal apoptosis.

Objective To probe the neuroprotective effect of memantine in hippocampal CA1 region of rats with vascular dementia(VD). Methods 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,VD group and memantine group,and each group have 12 rats. Rats of VD were treated with a permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion(2-VO). Then memantine was given by intragastric administration.The behavioral abnormalities were investigated by Y-type maze test.The changes of cell morphology and the expressions of neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) and cysteine proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) of neuron in hippocampal CA1 region were detected by HE stain and immunohistochemistry respectively.The percentage of neuronal apoptosis by TUNEL. Results Compared with VD group and sham-operated group,the performance records of learning and memory(learning records:63.16±1.75,79.25±2.01,50.83±1.80,F =707.91,P <0.01;memory records:53.17±1.85,69.17±1.70,40.67±1.83,F =762.43,P <0.01),the expressions of nNOS (average gray scale:140.23±2.30,175.87±3.34,105.63±3.52,F =1539.67,P <0.01)and Caspase-3 (average gray scale:132.78±5.36,162.78±5.25,99.54±5.06,F =439.37,P <0.01)and the percentage of neuronal apoptosis (33.75±2.70,56.17±3.56,6.33±3.65,F =672.91,P <0.01)of memantine group were in the middle. Conclusion Memantine can improve spatial memory and attenuate neuronal apoptosis by down-regulation excessive expression of nNOS and Caspase-3 in rats with vascular dementia.

Excitatory amino acid toxicity is one of the mechanisms of vascular dementia. Gluta-mate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in brain. Memantine, a moderate affinity, uncom-petitive and voltage-dependent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker, can block NMDA receptor-induced intracellular calcium overload and prevent excitotoxicity. It can be used in the treatment of vascular dementia.

Purpose: To observe the therapeutic effect of plum-blossom-magnet-needle synthetic therapy on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Method: 219 cases of BPH patients were randomly divided into two groups. There were 149 cases in treatment group, which treated by pressing, needling with plum-blossom-magnet-needle and putting effect-increasing pads on Prostate Reflex Area, bilateral Zhongliao (BL 32), Neck 1, Neck 7, Mingmen (GV 4) and Yongquan (KI 1). There were 70 cases in control group, which treated by orally taken Terazosin Hydrochloride (Gaoteling) tablets, 2 mg/time, twice a day. The therapeutic course was 4 weeks.After one therapeutic course, the therapeutic effect was evaluated. Results: The marked effect rate was 63.3% and total effective rate was 91.8%; in the control group, there were no markedly effective cases and the total effective rate was 72.7%. There was a significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The plum-blossom-magnet-needle synthetic therapy had a significant therapeutic effect for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), so it was a safe and effective therapy for BPH.

Objective To probe the neuroprotective mechanism of Donepezil in hippocampus of mice with vascular dementia(VD).Methods The mice were subjected for reperfusion repeatedly on bio-lateral common carotid arteries by repeatedly clipping and injected sodium nitroprusside into the abdominal cavity to establish the imitative VD rat models.Then Donepezil was given by intragastric administration.The behavioral abnormalities were investigated by Y-type maze test.The expressions of N-methy1-D-aspartate receptor subunit proteins(NR1)in neuron of hippocampus were observed by immunohistochemistry technique,and the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)and catalase(CAT)were measured with dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic acid(DTNB)and ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UV)methods,respectively.Results Compared with VD control group,the performance records of learning and memory in Donepezil group were better(all P

Objective To summarize the experience of nursing cooperation for immediate breast reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. Methods Twenty breast cancer patients underwent modified radical surgery with intraoperative immediate application of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in combination with the same period breast prosthesis for breast reconstruction. The nursing measures included preoperative preparation and mental support, intraoperative active cooperation, position care, sustaining of body temperature and strict aseptic and disease-free technology. Results All the breast cancer patients lived through breast cancer modified radical immediate breast reconstruction. No flap necrosis occurred , neither did obvious complications. The operations were satisfactory. Conclusion The key to the breast reconstruction for the breast cancer patients exists in preoperative psychological nursing , intraoperative strict aseptic and disease-free technology , the proper operation position and the correct use of instruments and equipment.

Objective To report the result of analysis of 72 cases of facial cutaneous sporotrichosis. Methods Seventy-two patients were included in this study. They were diagnosed as facial cutaneous sporotrichosis according to clinical mainfestations and fungal culture. Histopathological examinations were done in some atypical cases. The patients were treated with combined antifungal agents. Results The lesion forms were varied, in which lymphangitic cutaneous form accounted for 9.72% and fixed cutaneous form accounted for 90.28% respectively. Nineteen cases (26.4%) had a history of skin trauma before the cutaneous lesions. All of the patients were successfully treated with potassium iodide and/or itraconazole, terbinafine for 6-8 weeks. Conclusions The skin lesions and mycological examination are the important evidences for the diagnosis of sporotrichosis. The main form of the facial cutaneous sporotrichosis is the fixed cutaneous form. The misdiagnosis rate is 16% in primary level clinics. Potassium iodide is an effective and inexpensive medicine in the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis.

This study was aimed to observe effects of different doses of D-galactosamine (D-GalN) plus lipopoly-saccharide (LPS) and blood coagulation changes among rat model of acute liver failure, in order to establish an ideal model of acute liver failure in rats. SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, D-GalN high, medium and low dose groups, with 10 rats in each group. Except the normal group, rats in other groups were injected with D-GalN plus LPS at different doses to induce acute liver failure. The mortality of rats was observed. The liver function and blood coagulation were detected from rat serum at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. HE stain was used in the observa-tion of changes on liver pathological changes. The results showed that the mortality of D-GalN high, medium and low dose groups within 72 h were 60%, 30%, 10%, respectively. There were significant differences on the serum content level of ALT, AST, TBIL, PT, INR, FIB from different dose groups at different time points and the normal group (P<0.05). However, the comparison among D-GalN high, medium and low dose groups showed no statistical difference on ALT and AST; while there were statistical differences on TBIL, PT, INR and FIB (P < 0.05). It was concluded that coagulation index was more stable in the liver failure model. Through observation on the liver function, blood coagulation and pathological morphology, the model of acute liver failure induced with medium dose of D-GalN plus LPS in SD rats at 48 h was more similar to the clinical symptom of acute liver failure. Therefore, the medium dose was the ideal model inducing dose.

Spectrophotometry and single factor test were used in the investigation of effects on extraction results of total flavonoids from the fruit ofVernonia esculenta Hemsl. from aspects of ethanol concentration, frequency of extraction, length of extraction time, and the solid-liquid ratio. The extraction conditions were optimized by orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were ethanol concentration of 70%, extracted for 4 times, 1 h for each time, and the solid-liquid ratio of 1:20. Under these extraction conditions, the content of total flavonoids in the fruit ofVernonia esculenta Hemsl. was 103.55 mg·g-1.

Objective To investigate the causes of hypothermia in severe trauma patients as well as the effects of warming nursing.Methods Toally 100 severe trauma patients with hypothermia were engaged in the study during January to December 2014.Their temperature was monitored and recorded,the causes analyzed so that the warming nursing measures were done to them.Results Among the 100 patients,59 contracted hypothermia,with the rate of 59.0％ before operation,28 contracted hypothermia during operation,with the incidence rate of 28.0％.The causes of hypothermia included injury,anaesthesia,exposure and fluid resuscitation.The nursing measures included pre-treatment before anaesthesia,avoidance of more exposure and intraoperative warming.Conclusions For the patients with severe trauma,the hypothermia during the operation can be caused by injury,anaesthesia,exposure and fluid resuscitation.The warming nursing can reduce the incidence of hypothermia so as to increase their survival rate.