Objective The regulation on glucose transporters(GLUT1~GLUT5)by sodium butyrate was observed,and the regulation on bax and bcl-x/l by sodium butyrate and glucose was studied.This helped to learn about the possible mechanism of apoptosis of cancer cells induced by sodium butyrate.Methods The expression of GLUT1~GLUT5 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.The expression of bax and bcl-x/l was detected by immuocytochemistry.Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay.Results In HT-29 cell line,sodium butyrate downregulated the expression of GLUT1 mRNA and the expression of bcl-x/l and induced cancer cell apoptosis,but did not regulate the expression of GLUT2,GLUT3,GLUT5 and bax.GLUT4 was not detected in HT-29 cell line.And when treated with sodium butyrate,the increase of concentration of glucose could increase the expression of bcl-x/l and reduce the effect of apoptosis induced by sodium butyrate.Without treatment with sodium butyrate,the change of glucose concentration only had a feeble regulation on apoptosis.Conclusion Sodium butyrate can obviously downregulate the expression of GLUT1 and downregulation of the expression of GLUT1 is associated with the apoptosis induced by sodium butyrate in HT-29 cell line.

Objective To investigate the patterns of change in serum triglyceride (TG) during the clinical course of acute pancreatitis (AP) and its clinical relevance.Methods Eighty one consecutive cases of AP were retrospectively reviewed.Based on their TG levels on admission,the patients were divided into high TG group (TG ≥ 11.3 mmol/L),median TG group (5.65 ≤ TG ＜ 11.3 mmol/L) and low TG group (TG ＜ 5.65 mmoL/L).They were additionally categorized into different treatment groups depending upon whether they received hemopurification,lipid lowering drugs or fat emulsions parenteral nutrition,and no special treatment group.The clinical characteristics and the patterns of change in TG were analyzed.Results The mean age of high,median,low TG group was (40 ± 10),(40 ±8),(51 ± 13) years old,and the difference among the high,median TG group and low TG group was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01),but there was no significant difference between high and median TG group.In terms of sex,history of diabetes,hypertension,hypertriglyceridemia,acute pancreatitis,smoking and drinking,predisposing factors,disease onset season,severity of AP and hospitalization length,there was no significant difference among the 3 groups.Within the first 48h of admission,the TG levels of high and median TG group decreased significantly,and the percent of decline was (33.77 ± 26.57) ％,(43.46 ± 17.76) ％ in the first day,and it was (66.33 ± 17.20) ％,(57.50 ± 2.70) ％ in the second day,then it gradually decreased,but maintained a slightly higher level than normal.In contrast,no trend of decrease in TG during hospitalization was observed in low TG group.The patterns of change in TG in patients receiving hemopurification or lipid-lowering drugs were similar to those without special treatment.Fat emulsions parenteral nutrition exerted no significant influence on TG level in patients of low TG in no special treatment group.Of the patients without special treatment,the TG and total serum cholesterol level was positively correlated,while there was no correlation with other parameters.Conclusions The patterns of change in TG during the clinical course of AP vary with the patients' TG level on admission.If the decrease of TG does not reach 1/3 with routine treatment within the first 48 h,hemopurification therapy may be considered;for patients with TG ＜ 5.65 mmol/L,fat emulsions parenteral nutrition treatment can be accepted.

Objective To explore the value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) for early evaluation of the severity in bacterial infection, and compare it with C-reactive protein(CRP), white blood cell(WBC) and temperature to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Methods A sample of 139 impatients with bacterial infection from July 2009 to June 2010 in our hospital were divided into four groups, including local bacterial infection group(Group A, n = 50), sepsis group(Group B, n = 51), severe sepsis group(Group C, n = 21) and septic shock group (Group D, n = 17) according to ACCP/SCCM consensus conference and the clinical manifestation. Twenty noninfectious patients during the same time were recruited as control(Group E, n = 20)PCT, CRP,WBC and temperature were evaluated in all patients before treatment and PCT were measured 5 days after treatment. Results During the early period of the bacterial infection, PCT was highest in Group D ([42.36±48.49] × 10-6 g/L),which was higher than that of (4.66 ±2.46) × 10-6 g/L in Group C,( 1.08 ± 0. 68) × 10 -6 g/L in Group B and (0. 09 ± 0. 05) × 10 -6 g/L in Group A(Ps ＜ 0. 05), PCT in the four infectious groups were all higher than the control group([0. 05 ± 0. 01 ] × 10-6 g/L)(Ps ＜ 0. 05). No significant difference in CRP between Group D and Group C, neither did between Group C and Group B (Ps ＞0. 05). No significant difference was found in WBC between Group D and Group C,neither did between Group D and Group B (Ps ＞ 0. 05). Temperature in Group D was not significantly different to Group C(P ＞ 0. 05). After 5 days' treatment, PCT decreased in the four infectious groups than before. Conclusion The level of PCT can be used to evaluate the severity of infection during the early period of bacterial infection, which is better than CRP,WBC and temperature. PCT decreases after effective treatment,which can help monitor the patients' condition.

0. 05) , except that anemia and emaciation were more common in the elderly group than that in young group (P

Objective To investigate the suitable light intensity of plant growth of Dendrobium Sw.through study on photosynthetic characteristics.Methods The photosynthesis curves of light intensity, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter of different light intensity and inductivity of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in 3.0?104 lx on three species of Dendrobium Sw.in Huoshan (D.huo- shanens, D.candium, and D.moniliforme) were determined.Results Three species of Dendrobium Sw.were shadow plants for their response on light intensity, light saturation point, light compensate point, net photosynthesis rate, and apparent quantum efficiency are lower during photosynthesis.The photoinhibitory effect was formed on Dendrobium Sw.leaf when they grew in more than 4.0?104 lx.Conclusion Although three species of Dendrobium Sw.in Huoshan grow in (0.2-2.0)?104 lx normally, they are suitable to grow in (2.5-3.0)?104 lx instead of growing more than 4.0?104 lx.

Objective To evaluate the flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) system in the diagnosis of early esophageal carcinoma and precancerous lesions.Methods A total of 257 patients with suspicious esophageal lesions were examined successively by FICE,magnifying FICE,iodine dyeing endoscopy and magnifying iodine dyeing endoscopy.Findings were compared with the pathologic diagnosis.Results The positive rates of early esophageal carcinoma by FICE (92.6％,25/27) and iodine dyeing endoscopy (88.9％,24/27) were not significantly different (P =0.642),nor were those of magnifying FICE (96.3％,26/27) and magnifying iodine dyeing endoscopy (92.6％,25/27),(P =0.556).The magnifying FICE could reveal the IPCL of early esophageal carcinoma clearly.Early esophageal carcinoma and advanced neoplasia were mainly type Ⅳ + Ⅴ,low-level neoplasia and esophagitis were type Ⅱ + Ⅲ,and normal esophagus was type Ⅰ.However,the magnifying iodine dyeing endoscopy was not able to reveal IPCL.There was no adverse reaction in FICE,but the adverse reaction rate was 12.8％ (33/257) in iodine dyeing endoscopy.Conclusion Magnifying FICE can accurately determine the pathological types of early esophageal carcinoma,which is an effective complement to iodine dyeing endoscopy.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinicopathological features of matrix metalloproteinase 17 (MMP17) in gastric cancer.Methods The expressions of MMP17 at protein and mRNA level in 42 gastric carcinoma surgical specimens,42 endoscopic biopsy specimens of normal gastric tissue and 40 endoscopic biopsy specimens of atrophic gastritis were detected by immunohistoehemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively.Their relations with gastric clinicopathological features were analyzed.Chi square test,t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis were performed for comparing the differences between groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05) in the expression rate of MMP17 between 42 specimens of normal gastric tissue(7.1％,3/42) and 40 specimens of atrophic gastritis (10.0％,4/40),however both were significantly lower than that of gastric carcinoma (73.8％,31/42,x2 =38.74,34.10,both P＜0.05).The expression quantity of MMP17 at mRNA level of 42 specimens of normal gastric tissue and 40 specimens of atrophic gastritis was 0.226 ± 0.032 and 0.254 ± 0.074 respectively,there was no significant difference(P＞0.05),however both were lower than that of gastric carcinoma (0.476±0.043,t=8.079 and 4.493,both P＜0.05).The expressions of MMP17 at protein and mRNA level were related to depths of invasion,lymph node metastasis and serous membrane involvement in gastric carcinoma patients (x2 =5.300,5.054,4.438,t =2.437,2.372,2.203,all P＜0.05),but not correlated with age,gender,lesion length,lesion site and histological grade (all P＞0.05).The positive rate of MMP17 expression in patients with survival time less than 2 years was significantly higher than that in patients with survival time over two years (x2 =12.71,P＜0.05).Conclusions In gastric carcinoma tissues,the expression of MMP17 increased along with the progression of gastric carcinoma.The detection of MMP17 may have some clinical reference value in determining the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Objective To evaluate the flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) system for determine the margin of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.Methods From February 2008 to October 2011,a total of 51 patients with early gastric cancer or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm who received ESD were enrolled and randomly divided into experimental group to determine lesion margin by FICE (n =26) and control group to identify lesion margin by indigo carmine (n =25).Histological complete resection rate (the lateral and vertical margins were free of cancer),operation time,complications,post-ESD ulcer-healing rates and local recurrence were assessed.Results The histological complete resection rate,acute minor bleeding rate and post-ESD abdominal pain rate in experimental group were 2.3％ (24/26),88.5％ (23/26),15.4％ (4/26) and 73.1％ (19/26),which were not significantly different from those of control group,i.e.,92.0％ (23/25),84.0％ (21/25),12.0％ (3/25)and 72.0％ (18/25) (P＞0.05).The mean operation time of in experimental group was shorter than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).No massive bleeding,delayed bleeding or perforation occurred in either group.Follow-up showed no local residue or recurrence.Conclusion FICE is safe and effective to determine the tumor demarcation of early gastric cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm,and needs less operation time.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the Fuji intelligent chromo endoscopy (FICE) in the diagnosis of Barrett esophagus (BE).MethodsFrom September 2010 to March 2011,a total of 180 patients with suspected reflux esophagitis were examined successively by FICE,magnifying FICE,acetic dyeing endoscopy and magnifying acetic dyeing endoscopy.The diagnosis was made out under the observation of lesion extensions,superficial mucosa contrast ratio,pit patterns and capillary forms of BE.The endoscopic diagnosis was made and compared with the pathologic diagnosis,and the consistency of the diagnosis was evaluated by Kappa value.ResultsBE was confirmed in 35 patients ( 19.4％ ) pathologically.The consistency rates of diagnosis under FICE and acetic dyeing endoscopy were 81.7％ and 72.8％ ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The consistency rates of diagnosis under magnifying FICE and magnifying acetic dyeing endoscopy were 97.8％ and 85.6％,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).FICE magnifying endoscopy revealed better mucosal structures of capillaries than magnifying acetic dyeing endoscopy did ( P ＜ 0.05 ),but there was no significant difference in revealing of duct openings (P ＞ 0.05).The specificity,sensitivity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and Kappa value of FICE in diagnosis of BE were 82.1％,80.0％,51.9％,94.4％ and 0.52,respectively,which were 73.2％,71.4％,39.1％,91.4％ and 0.34 of acetic dyeing endoscopy,98.6％,94.3％,94.3％,98.6％ and 0.93 of magnifying FICE,and 88.3％,74.3％,60.5％,93.4％ and 0.58 for magnifying acetic dyeing endoscopy.ConclusionAs a neotypical endoscopic system,magnifying FICE could exhibit clearly the pit patterns and microvascular structures of esophagus mucosa,and it can capture the optimal images of Barrett's epithelium.FICE could improve the diagnosis of BE in vivo.

Objective To explore the effect of biliary obstruction caused acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) on ultrastructure of gallbladder interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs),and the possible mechanism of impaired contraction of gallbladder smooth muscle. Methods Total 60 healthy adult guinea pigs were in this study. The guinea pigs AAC model was induced by common bile duct ligation (BDL). The guinea pigs were divided into five groups equally,including sham control group (Sham),BDL for 12 hours (BDL-12),24 hours (BDL-24),48 hours (BDL-48) and 72 hours (BDL-72)groups. The gallbladder specimens were collected by the end of study. Gallbladder pathological changes were observed with HE staining under light microscope. Three muscle strips were collected of each gallbladder,fixed in constant temperature water bath with different concentration of eight peptide cholecystokinin agonist (CCK-8,1010 mmol/L,10-9 mmol/L,10-8 mmol/L,10-7 mmol/L and 10-6mmol/L),acetylcholine (Ach,10-8 mmol/L,107 mmol/L,10-6 mmol/L,10-5 mmol/L,10-4 mmol/L)and potassium chloride (KC1) (60 mmol/L). The contraction activity of gallbladder muscle strips was recorded by tonotransducer. The ultrastracture changes of gallbladder ICC in sham,BDL-12 and BDL-72 groups was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Results There was no obvious inflammation in Sham and BDL-12 groups. Compared with sham group,there were significant differences of biology score of gallbladder in BDL-48 and BDL-72 groups (P＜0. 05). After adding CCK-8,Ach and KC1,the contraction amplitude of gallbladder muscle increased in each group,and in dose-dependent manner. Compared with sham group,the effect value of each other groups decreased significantly (P＜0. 05). Compared with sham group,the morphology of ICC changed in BDL-12group,and more obvious in BDL-72 group. Conclusion Biliary obstruction can induce AAC. At the earlier stage of ACC,the impaired contraction of gallbladder smooth muscle present even without gallbladder inflammation occurrence. ICC may play an important role in impaired contraction.