Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in breast cancer patients and identify the influence of cognitive appraisal on PTG and the relationship between PTG and cognitive appraisal. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Totally 356 breast cancer patients were investigated with the revised Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Cognitive Appraisal Scale. Results The average score of PTG in breast cancer patients was (55.06±14.36) points. There were significant differences between different education level and health-care payment patients in the total score of PTG (t=5.886, 5.154, P<0.01). The level of PTG was correlated with the patients′ cognitive appraisal way. It was negatively correlated with uncertain appraisal about disease and threat appraisal,and positively correlated with positive appraisal and responsible appraisal. The main prediction factors for PTG were positive appraisal, uncertain appraisal about disease, responsible appraisal, health-care payment and education level. All the variables could explain 42.7% variance of PTG. Conclusions Breast cancer patients in this study report moderate level of posttraumatic growth. The level of PTG in breast cancers is influenced by variables of patients′ education level, health-care payment and cognitive appraisal. Cognitive appraisal could predict the development of PTG significantly.

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of the core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） on behavioral problems of children with ADHD propensity， so as to provide references for early identification and targeted intervention for children with ADHD propensity. MethodsFrom July to August 2021， 25 children with ADHD propensity were screened as the ADHD propensity group， and 25 children matched for age， gender and grade were included as the normal group in an elementary school in Guangzhou. ADHD core symptoms were assessed by the Chinese version of the Swanson Nolan and Pelham， version IV-parent form for ADHD （SNAP-IV）， and behavioral problems were assessed by Questionnaire-Children with Difficulties （QCD） and Conners Parental Symptom Questionnaire （PSQ）. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between ADHD core symptoms and QCD and PSQ scores， and hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to explore the effect of ADHD core symptoms on behavioral problems. Results① The differences between the groups showed that both attention deficit and hyperactivity-impulsivity factor scores were higher in the ADHD propensity group than those in the normal group （t=7.771， 6.726， P<0.01）. ② Correlation analysis showed that the attention deficit factor score was negatively correlated with QCD total score （r=-0.440， P<0.05）， and positively correlated with the learning problem factor score of PSQ （r=0.457， P<0.05）. The score of hyperactivity-impulsivity was negatively correlated with score of anxiety factor in PSQ （r=-0.457， P<0.05）， and positively correlated with impulse-hyperactivity factor score （r=0.552， P<0.01）. ③ Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that the attention deficit factor score negatively predicted the total score of QCD （B=-0.682， P<0.05， R²=0.468）. The hyperactivity-impulsivity factor score had a negative predictive effect on the anxiety factor score of PSQ （B=-0.048， P<0.05， R²=0.367）， and had a positive predictive effect on the impulsivity-hyperactivity factor score （B=0.077， P<0.01， R²=0.424）. ConclusionChildren with ADHD propensity have significant attention deficit symptoms， hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and behavioral problems， and the attention deficit may be the main cause of their daily behavioral problems， while hyperactivity-impulsivity may be the main cause of their impulsive-hyperactivity problems.