Psychiatric comorbidity is common in symptom-based diagnoses like autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention/deficit hyper-activity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, these co-occurring symptoms mediated by shared and/or distinct neural mechanisms are difficult to profile at the individual level. Capitalizing on unsupervised machine learning with a hierarchical Bayesian framework, we derived latent disease factors from resting-state functional connectivity data in a hybrid cohort of ASD and ADHD and delineated individual associations with dimensional symptoms based on canonical correlation analysis. Models based on the same factors generalized to previously unseen individuals in a subclinical cohort and one local OCD database with a subset of patients undergoing neurosurgical intervention. Four factors, identified as variably co-expressed in each patient, were significantly correlated with distinct symptom domains (r = -0.26-0.53, P < 0.05): behavioral regulation (Factor-1), communication (Factor-2), anxiety (Factor-3), adaptive behaviors (Factor-4). Moreover, we demonstrated Factor-1 expressed in patients with OCD and Factor-3 expressed in participants with anxiety, at the degree to which factor expression was significantly predictive of individual symptom scores (r = 0.18-0.5, P < 0.01). Importantly, peri-intervention changes in Factor-1 of OCD were associated with variable treatment outcomes (r = 0.39, P < 0.05). Our results indicate that these data-derived latent disease factors quantify individual factor expression to inform dimensional symptom and treatment outcomes across cohorts, which may promote quantitative psychiatric diagnosis and personalized intervention.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ; Adult ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Bayes Theorem ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Child ; Brain/metabolism* ; Cohort Studies ; Comorbidity

Objective: To investigate psychological and behavioral responses and the prevalence of acute stress disorder (ASD) among the injured from a serious road traffic accident. Methods: The injured persons at ages of 7 years and older from a serious road traffic accident were enrolled, and individuals with severe injury were exclude. Participants' gender, age, educational level, marital status, injury severity, family member's injury and death during the accident and psychological and behavioral status were collected. The prevalence of ASD was estimated using a semi-structured interview and the ASD Scale, and the factors affecting the development of ASD were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 132 survivors participated in psychological crisis assessment, including 82 men (62.12%) and 50 women (37.88%) and with a mean age of (46.50±18.57) years. There were 6 participants without obvious trauma (4.54%), 113 with mild injury (85.61%) and 13 with moderate injury (9.85%), and there were 6 participants with death of their family members during this accident. Insomnia, anxiety, flashback and fear were predominant psychological and behavioral responses, with prevalence rates of 42.42%, 35.58%, 26.52% and 23.48%, respectively. The prevalence of ASD was 30.30% among participants, and a higher rate of ASD was detected among women than among men (52.00% vs. 17.07%; χ2=17.940, P<0.001). The detection of ASD was higher among participants with death of their family members than among those without death of their family members (83.33% vs. 26.98%; χ2=8.370, P=0.004), and a higher detection rate of ASD was seen among participants with moderate injury (61.54%; χ2=6.786, P=0.034). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a higher risk of ASD among females (OR=7.764, 95%CI: 3.187-18.915) and those with a high educational level (high school/technical secondary school, OR=6.896, 95%CI: 1.030-46.152; diploma and above, OR=71.583, 95%CI: 4.145-1 236.270). Conclusions Insomnia and anxiety are predominant psychological and behavioral responses following serious road traffic accidents, and women and individuals with a high educational level present a high risk of ASD, which requires to be given timely psychological crisis interventions.

Objective To clone and express Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion antigen ESAT-6 and CFP-10 ( EC) and to evaluate the biological activity of the fusion antigen EC in inducing specific cytokines secretion from THP -1 cells. Methods The fusion antigen EC gene was cloned into pET-30 a prokaryotic expression vector and expressed highly in E.coli BL21.Then, the THP-1 cells were stimulated with purified fusion antigen EC of different concentrations (10 and 20 μg/ml).Culture supernatants were collected after 12 h and 24 h, respectively.The secretion levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, TNF-αand IFN-γin THP-1 cell culture supernatants were detected using Bio-PlexProTM Assays kit.Results The M.tuberculosis fusion antigen EC was cloned and expressed successfully .The secretion levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-αin EC infected THP-1 cells were significantly higher than those in THP-1 cells (P<0.05).The secretion levels of other cytokines did not change significantly .Conclusion The obtained M.tuberculosis fusion antigen EC has biological activity in inducing the THP-1 cells to secrete a higher level of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α.

Objective To construct prokaryotic expression vectors for glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)of Clostridium difficile(CD),and express recombinant GDH in Escherichia coli,and identify its antigenicityed.Methods The entire gene of GDH was cloned from ATCC43255 genome DNA.The recombinant antigens were expressed in E.coli with IPTG induction and purified by Ni-NATBeads.The antigenicity was detected using CD Qick Chek Complete dual-antigen EIA. Results Prokaryotic expression vectors of CD GDH were constructed successfully.The antigen could be identified by specific anti-GDH antibodies.Conclusion The GDH antigen can be used to prepare corresponding antibodies,which facilitate the development of immunoassay for CD GDH.

Objective To analysis the positive rates of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA)and zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A)in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.Methods GADA and ZnT8A were detected in 101 ca-ses of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using ELISA.Results The positive rate of GADA was 21.78%,the positive rate of ZnT8A was 17.82%,and the common positive rate of GADA and ZnT8A was 8.91%.There were no corre-lations between GADA or ZnT8A autoantibodies and the patient’s sex (t=-0.724,-0.550;0.903,1.359,P >0.05),age (t=-0.724,-0.550;0.903,1.359,P >0.05),blood glucose (r=0.290,0.110;-0.264,-0.047,P >0.05),cholesterol (r=-0.047,0.004;0.154,-0.138,P >0.05),triglyceride (r=-0.092,-0.054;-0.217,-0.023,P >0.05),and low density lipoprotein (r= - 0.045,- 0.027;0.202,- 0.025,P > 0.05).Conclusion It should be screened autoantibodies timely for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in order to diagnosis the Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults early.

Objective To obtain different fragments of human carboxypeptidase H,and evaluate the diagnostic application of the recombination carboxypeptidase H in detecting autoantibody.Methods The coding gene of carboxypeptidase H was ob-tained by RT-PCR.The corresponding prokaryotic expression vectors were constructed and transformed into E.coli to in-duce the expression of the recombination different fragments of carboxypeptidase H.Using these antigen fragments as the coating antigens,the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was established for the detection of carboxypeptidase H autoantibody in 95 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.Results Three fragments of human carboxypeptidase H were obtained,in which the 42~476aa fragment antigen was ideal one.Using the full-length carboxypeptidase H as coating anti-gen,the positive rate of carboxypeptidase H autoantibody was 8.42%.Conclusion Because of the favorable antigenicity,the 42~476aa fragment antigen of carboxypeptidase H could be the candidate antigen for discrimination and diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.

Objective To provide the candidate antigens for immunological diagnosis by analyzing the expression of nu -cleoprotein ( NP) of Ebola virus. Methods BioSun software was used to predict the NP epitopes. The bridging-PCR was used to synthesize the NP gene. The pBVIL1 vector was used to clone and express the NP gene. Results The 360-739 aa of NP was confirmed to be the dominant antigen by BioSun software. The recombinant NP dominant antigen was expressed in E.coli with molecular weight of 58 ×103.The specificity of ELISA based on recombinant NP was 99.24% (130/131) in negative samples. Conclusions The dominant NP antigen can be potentially used for developing Ebola virus diagnostic reagent.

Objective To develop an antigen retrieval method for detection of human mammaglobin ( hMAM) immuno-histochemcal staining in old paraffin-embedded specimens .Methods The tissue sections in test group were put into dis-tilled water after deparaffinization and then moved into citric acid buffer ( pH 3.5) for 10-15 min.The other two meth-ods,microwave method and high pressure cooker method ,were compared as control groups at the same time .Finally, immu-nohistochemistry SP method was used to check the antibody in the sections .Results The color appearance in the test group (pH 3.5 citric solution) was better than that of microwave oven and high pressure cooker groups .In the test group, tissue sections were not easily cast off from the slices .Conclusion In this study,we have established a new and simple antigen retrieval method which will contribute to immunohistochemistry technology .

Objective To establish the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting human serum fumarate hydratase (FH) antibody and evaluate its role in the diagnosis of autoantigen in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).Methods The indirect ELISA was established using FH protein,and the reaction conditions were determined.Then,the anti-FH antibody were detected in the serum of 88 AIH patients,56 primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients,50 chronic hepatitis B (HBV) patients,36 chronic hepatitis C (HCV) patients and 98 healthy controls(HC).The results were analyzed with chi-quare and Kruskal-Wallis H methods.Results The ELISA for detecting human anti-FH antibody was established successfully and the optimal reaction conditions were defined.The positive rate of anti-FH antibody in the AIH group (40％) was significantly higher than HC (3％,x2=38.44,P＜0.01),PBC group (7％,x2=18.45,P＜0.01),CHB group (2％,x2=23.59,P＜0.01) and CHC group (6％,x2=14.29,P＜0.01).Anti-FH antibody which was used to diagnose AIH revealed a sensitivity of 40％ and specificity of 94％.Conclusion We have established the ELISA,which is used to detect human anti-FH antibody.It can be detected predominantly in AIH,and this implies that anti-FH antibody may be useful in improving the diagnosis of AIH.

ObjectiveTo discuss the relationship between the cross-reactivity of antibody against the hypervariable region 1 ( HVR1 ) of hepatitis C virus and early viral response ( EVR ) in patients undergoing antiviral therapy.MethodsBy ELISA and HCV HVR1 antibody cross-reactivity matrix reagent,the differences of anti-HCV hypervariable region antibody were tested in baseline serum from 46 patients with chronic hepatitis C before antiviral therapy.HCV genotyping and HCV RNA were analyzed by RT-PCR method.The HCV RNA assay was done at three time points:before treatment,pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin therapy for 12 and 48 weeks.ResultsIn 46 cases of chronic hepatitis C patients,there were 16 cases with HCV 2a type,30 cases with l b and 33 patients obtained EVR.The EVR incidence of type 2a[ 93.8％ ( 15/16 ) ] was higher than that of type 1 b[ 60.0％ (18/30),x2 =4.316,P ＜ 0.05 ].In the EVR group of type 1b chronic hepatitis C patients,the positive number of average multi-target HVR1 antigen was ( 12 ± 4),which was significantly higher than that in the Non-EVR patients [ (7 ± 5 ),t =2.797,P ＜0.01 ].Bv the Fisher exact test,it was showed that patients'serum response to HVR1 antigens numbered 001,003,009,013,016 were higher in EVR group than those in non-EVR group,with statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe cross-reactivity of HVR1 antibody may play an important role in predicting the effectiveness of antiviral therapy.