Objective To detect antibodies against the hypervariable region 1(HVR1) of hepatitis C virus in blood screening.Methods The HVR1 antibodies were detected by F4HVR1 antigen,and then were compared with other antibodies of HCV.Results Among HCV-RNA positive samples,HVR1 antibody was 96.8% positive.The positive rate of HVR1 antibodies in 90 suspected HCV-infected samples was 61.1%,which was close to those against C and NS3,and higher than NS4 and NS5(P

With light and electron microscope, we studied the morphology of the thymus of the neonatal mouse. The results showed: 1.the lobules of the thymus had not well developed and there was no distinct demarcation between the cortex and medulla; 2.a cyst composed of epithelial cells with microvilli or cilia might be frequently seen in the medulla; 3.occasionally small lymphocytes with some glycogen particles in their cytoplasm were observed; 4.only a few small-sized thymic corpusles existed in the medulla, The article also described the ultrastructure of the lymphocytes, epithelial reticular cells, macrophage, interdigitating cell and blood-thymus barrier in the thymus of the neonatal mouse.

Objective:To compare the differences in incidences of insomnia,anxiety(irritability)and manic ep- isode induced by fluoxetine and amitriptyline in treating depression.Method:CBM discs were selected for the data sources. The rates of insomnia,anxiety(irritability)and manic episode from published clinical control trials on depression treated by fluoxetine and amitriptyline were analyzed by applying fixed effect model(FEM)of evidence-based medicine(EBM). Result:Of 1205 cases in 15 studies,the rates of insomnia induced by fluoxetine or amitriptyline were 21.71% and 1.80% ,OR 9.39(95 %CI 5.37-16.44),P0.05.Conclusion:Fluoxetine induces in- somnia and anxiety(irritability)more easily than amitriptyline when treating depression.

Objective To establish a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) method for early diagnosis of hepatitis C. Methods Immunization of Balb/c mice with hepatitis C core antigen were prepared by genetic engineering. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (McAb) to anti-HCV-core Ag were obtained. A sandwich ELISA kit for detecting HCV-core Ag was developed by using four strains of anti-HCV-core Ag McAb. One hundred and twenty five serum specimens with increased ALT but negative for anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and anti-Tp tests were tested. Results Nine of the 125 specimens were positive for HCV-core Ag. Conclusion The double sandwich ELISA kits for detecting HCV-core Ag may be useful for the early diagnosis of hepatitis C .

Objective To construct prokaryotic expression vectors for glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)of Clostridium difficile(CD),and express recombinant GDH in Escherichia coli,and identify its antigenicityed.Methods The entire gene of GDH was cloned from ATCC43255 genome DNA.The recombinant antigens were expressed in E.coli with IPTG induction and purified by Ni-NATBeads.The antigenicity was detected using CD Qick Chek Complete dual-antigen EIA. Results Prokaryotic expression vectors of CD GDH were constructed successfully.The antigen could be identified by specific anti-GDH antibodies.Conclusion The GDH antigen can be used to prepare corresponding antibodies,which facilitate the development of immunoassay for CD GDH.

Objective: To investigate psychological and behavioral responses and the prevalence of acute stress disorder (ASD) among the injured from a serious road traffic accident. Methods: The injured persons at ages of 7 years and older from a serious road traffic accident were enrolled, and individuals with severe injury were exclude. Participants' gender, age, educational level, marital status, injury severity, family member's injury and death during the accident and psychological and behavioral status were collected. The prevalence of ASD was estimated using a semi-structured interview and the ASD Scale, and the factors affecting the development of ASD were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 132 survivors participated in psychological crisis assessment, including 82 men (62.12%) and 50 women (37.88%) and with a mean age of (46.50±18.57) years. There were 6 participants without obvious trauma (4.54%), 113 with mild injury (85.61%) and 13 with moderate injury (9.85%), and there were 6 participants with death of their family members during this accident. Insomnia, anxiety, flashback and fear were predominant psychological and behavioral responses, with prevalence rates of 42.42%, 35.58%, 26.52% and 23.48%, respectively. The prevalence of ASD was 30.30% among participants, and a higher rate of ASD was detected among women than among men (52.00% vs. 17.07%; χ2=17.940, P<0.001). The detection of ASD was higher among participants with death of their family members than among those without death of their family members (83.33% vs. 26.98%; χ2=8.370, P=0.004), and a higher detection rate of ASD was seen among participants with moderate injury (61.54%; χ2=6.786, P=0.034). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a higher risk of ASD among females (OR=7.764, 95%CI: 3.187-18.915) and those with a high educational level (high school/technical secondary school, OR=6.896, 95%CI: 1.030-46.152; diploma and above, OR=71.583, 95%CI: 4.145-1 236.270). Conclusions Insomnia and anxiety are predominant psychological and behavioral responses following serious road traffic accidents, and women and individuals with a high educational level present a high risk of ASD, which requires to be given timely psychological crisis interventions.

Objective To observe the effect of SSRI combined with TCM on the treatment of depression of different TCM types. Methods 70 depressive patients of stagnation of liver qi (SLQ) were randomly recruited into a study (34 cases) and a control group (36 cases); 60 depressive patients of spleen deficiency and liver qi stagnation (SDLQS) were randomly recruited into a study (30 cases) and a control group (30 cases); and SO depressive patients of deficiency of both heart and liver (DBHL) were randomly recruited into a study (24 cases) and a control group (26 cases). Patients in the study group were treated with SSRI and TCM; with the control group was only treated with SSRI. All patients were assessed with HAMD, HAMA and CGI before treatment and after treatment at 1st weekend, 2nd weekend, 4th weekend and 6th weekend. Differences of effective rate and full remission rate were contrasted. Results ①Scores of depression scale decreased in both the study group and the control group of patients with SLQ and SDLQS at the 4th [SLQ study group: (9.01±3.45), control group (13.02±4.54); SDLQS study group (10.22±3.23)、 control group (14.12±3.87)] and 6th [SLQ study group (6.02±2.20), control group (10.22±2.10); SDLQS study group (7.25±2.20) control group (10.68 ± 3.45)] weekend, showing statistical differences; anxiety state has been improved since the 1st weekend; no obvious changes of HAMD and HAMA showed in both the study group and the control group of patients with DBHL; ②Therapeutic effects in the study group were higher than the control group of both patients with SLQ and SDLQS, showing statistical significance; while no difference can be seen between the two group of patients with DBHL; ③ No differences of full remission rate between the study group and the control group of 3 TCM types were found(SLQ:41.1%v30.6%,χ2=0.859,P>0.05; SDLQS:40.0%v33.3, χ2=0.287,P>0.05; DBHL: 33.3%v26.9%,χ2=0.244,P>0.05). ④Significant differences of HAMD and HMDA between the study and the control group of 3 TCM types were found before and after treatment Conclusion SSRI integrated with TCM may promote effective rate and decrease anxiety in patients with SLQ and SDLQS.

Objective To design a complex hepatitis C vires(HCV)=E1 antigen,and to search its application in HCV vaccine and diagnosis test.Methods Through consulting the database and widely comparison of sequences from HCV E1 of different genotype,the representative immunodominant epitope sequences were selected from all the six genotypes.Their genes were deduced according to the preference codon in E.coli and three fragments were designed to contain the six epitopes.They were chemically synthesized and cloned into pBVIL1 vector separately.The cloned fragments were conjugated together profiting from pBVIL1's property,and then a doubled pan-DR helper T cell epitopes(PADRE)gene was inserted to form a complex expression plasmid.The transformed E.coli cells with this plasmid were cultured and induced to express recombinant protein and the antigenic activity of the product was tested.Results An expressing plasmid containing 8 epitopes from HCV genotype 1a,1b,2a,3a,4a,6a and a doubled PADRE sequences was constructed successfully and the engineering E.coli transformed with this plasmid highly expressed after inducing culture at 42℃ in an inclusion manner.The immunological activity of the purified recombinsnt multi-epitope antigen shows that:(1)It can react with a great part of sera from HCV positive patients by indirect ELISA.(2)It can induce notable specific humoral immunity in injected mice.Conclusion The novel constructed expressing plasmid and its product may be useful in study of a newly HCV vaccine as well as an antigen for HCV immunoassays.

Objective To analysis the positive rates of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA)and zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A)in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.Methods GADA and ZnT8A were detected in 101 ca-ses of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using ELISA.Results The positive rate of GADA was 21.78%,the positive rate of ZnT8A was 17.82%,and the common positive rate of GADA and ZnT8A was 8.91%.There were no corre-lations between GADA or ZnT8A autoantibodies and the patient’s sex (t=-0.724,-0.550;0.903,1.359,P >0.05),age (t=-0.724,-0.550;0.903,1.359,P >0.05),blood glucose (r=0.290,0.110;-0.264,-0.047,P >0.05),cholesterol (r=-0.047,0.004;0.154,-0.138,P >0.05),triglyceride (r=-0.092,-0.054;-0.217,-0.023,P >0.05),and low density lipoprotein (r= - 0.045,- 0.027;0.202,- 0.025,P > 0.05).Conclusion It should be screened autoantibodies timely for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in order to diagnosis the Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults early.

Objective To provide the candidate antigens for immunological diagnosis by analyzing the expression of nu -cleoprotein ( NP) of Ebola virus. Methods BioSun software was used to predict the NP epitopes. The bridging-PCR was used to synthesize the NP gene. The pBVIL1 vector was used to clone and express the NP gene. Results The 360-739 aa of NP was confirmed to be the dominant antigen by BioSun software. The recombinant NP dominant antigen was expressed in E.coli with molecular weight of 58 ×103.The specificity of ELISA based on recombinant NP was 99.24% (130/131) in negative samples. Conclusions The dominant NP antigen can be potentially used for developing Ebola virus diagnostic reagent.