Objective:To study the intelligence of old people above 56 years old were tested by Gong's non-verbal intelligence test. Methods:1460 old peopl above 56 years old were tested by Gong's non-verbal intelligence test.Results: After controlled the effect of educational background on the intelligence, the scores of each subtest decrease with the increase of age( P

In order to reinforce the development and sharing of elaborate educational resources and improve the educational quality, the course team completed the transformation and upgrading of the original fine course for the construction of national high-quality resource sharing class. In the con-struction of courses the organic combination of course content, method, skills, quality was focused on, and the transformation and upgrading of the course achieved further optimization of the excellent resources and full sharing.

Objective To investigate and evaluate the clinical effect of the direct popliteal artery perforator flap.Methods Thirty embalmed lower limbs of adult cadavers which perfused with red latex were used to dissection,major observations were the origin,perforators and anastomoses regulations of the direct popliteal artery.Based on the anatomical study,direct popliteal artery perforator flaps were designed and used clinically to 7 patients who had soft tissue defects in popliteal fossa.Results The direct popliteal artery perforator was direct started from lateral wall of the superior segment of popliteal artery,and about 7-11 cm above knee joint.Then it goes up along the middle line of posterior region of thigh,and pierced from the carvity between semitendinosus and biceps femoris and gave off several branches in superficial fascia.Finally,these branches anastomoses with many perforating branches which were gave off form deep femoral artery (the 1st to 3rd perforator artery),obturator artery and lateral circumflex femoral artery.Clinically,all flaps were survived eventually,and 6 of them were healed quickly,only 1 case needed to change dressings to healed its partial necrosis for the pedicle had too much soft tissues and too swelling to block its blood supply.After 2-12 months of following-up,the colors and appearances of these flaps were excellent,and the function of knees were nearly normal.Conclusion Direct popliteal artery perforator flap has relatively constant location and sufficient blood supply to use in clinical application,it is safe and easy to use for recovering soft tissue defects in popliteal fossa.

Objective: To explore the effect of high glucose on NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: HUVECs were divided into a control group, a mannite group, a glucose group and aglucose plus diphenylene iodonium (DPI) group. Intracellular ROS was detected by lfow cytometry. RNA and protein expression of NOX in HUVECs was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Results: 1) Compared with the control group, the intracellular ROS were signiifcantly increased in the glucose group (P<0.05,n=3), but there were no signiifcant change in the glucose plus DPI group (P>0.05,n=3); 2) Compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein expression of NOX4 in the glucose group were signiifcantly increased (P<0.05), but there were no signiifcant change in the mRNA and protein expression of NOX2, p22phox, p67phox and rac (allP>0.05); 3) there were no signiifcant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of NOX2, NOX4, p22phox, p67phox and rac between the glucose plus DPI group and the control group (allP>0.05). Conclusion: High glucose may increases intracellular ROS generation by increasing the expression of NOX4 in HUVECs, which might mediate the oxidative stress.

Apoptosis of cancer cells between the gastric and intestinal-type human gastric carcinoma were compared in terms of the expression of oncogene MDM2 and CD68, the histological types, the infiltration depth, and lymph node metastasis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells. Histochemical method(AB-PAS) was applied to stain mucus that is neutral or acidic in nature. Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to detect expression of MDM2 and CD6. The results showed that the mean apoptosis index (AI) of total 48 cases was 8.60+/-2.60. AI in the 30 intestinal type cases was significantly higher than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.67, P<0.01). In the 30 intestinal type cases, the spontaneous apoptosis index of MDM2 negative cases was significantly higher than that of the positive cases (t=7.16, P<0.01). And in the 18 gastric type cases, the same result was found. (t=11.39, P<0.01). The MDM2 positive ratio in gastric type cases was higher than that in intestinal type cases (chi2=4.68, P<0.05). There is no significant difference in AI between cases of lymph node metastasis and non-metastasis cases in intestinal type cases (t=0.26, P>0.05). But in the gastric type cases, a significant difference existed (t=5.87, P<0.01). A significant difference in lymph node metastasis ratio was found between the two gastric carcinoma types (chi2=4.48, P<0.05). The CD68 expression ratio in the 30 intestinal type cases was much lower than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.29, P<0.01). AI of 25 MDM2-positive cases was much lower than that of the 23 MDM2-negative cases (t=7.80, P<0.01). CD68 positive ratio in the 25 MDM2-negative cases was much lower than that in the 23 negative cases. The difference was statistically significant (t=10.90, P<0.01). Except for few cells scattering within the cancer nest, most CD68 positive cells infiltrated in the interstitium around the cancer tissue. In the high-AI cases, CD68-positive cells increased. And the CD68-positive cells decreased in low-AI cases (r=0.96, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that among the control variables, only AI was a statistically significant factor in the regression model (chi2=9.64, P<0.01). We concluded that (1) the spontaneous apoptosis index in gastric-type cases of gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in intestinal type cases; (2) AI in the two types was influenced by the expression of MDM2 and lymph node metastasis, but no visible connection was found between AI and the infiltration depth or histological types; (3) in the intestinal type cases, AI and the CD68-positive cells increased in MDM2-negative cases.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors associated with in-hospital death in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (HIV-TB). Methods A retrospective case-control study was performed in patients admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from November 2004 to May 2009. Fifty-three HIV-TB patients who died during hospitalization were matched with 79 HIV-TB co-infected patients who survived during hospitalization.Clinical, demographic, and radiological characteristics of the two groups were compared by the retrospective case-control study method. Multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors contributing to death in HIV-TB co-infected patients. Results Among the 459 co-infected patients, 53 (11.5%) cases died during hospitalization and 25 cases died during the first week in hospital. Sixty-four point two percent dead patients (34/53) died from tuberculosis. Several factors were associated with worse prognosis in the death group compared to the survival group, which included body weight≤50 kg (χ2 = 7.50), positive for acid-fast bacilli in sputum smear or culture exam (χ2= 4. 04, 14. 27), drug-resistant/multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (χ2 =9.00,6.39), extra-pulmonary tuberculosis infection (χ2 =6.99), retreated tuberculosis (χ2 = 5. 92), non-standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment (χ2 = 12. 07), extensive pulmonary TB infection (lesions ≥50% of lung fields, χ2 = 20. 21), co-infection with fungi (χ2 =3.46), respiratory failure (χ2 = 4.27), non-pulmonary organ impairment (χ2 = 3.46), HIV infection longer than 5 years (χ2 = 7. 19), non-standardized highly active antiretroviral therary treatment (χ2 =5.16) and CD4+ T lymphocyte count ≤ 200 × 106/L (χ2= 12.99) (all P＜0. 05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that non-standardized anti-TB treatment, extensive pulmonary TB infection, multi-drug resistant TB infection and CD4+ T lymphocyte count ≤ 200 × 106/L were the major risk factors related to in-hospital mortality. Conclusions Non-standardized anti-TB treatment,extensive pulmonary TB infection, multi-drug resistant TB infection and CD4+ T lymphocyte count ≤200 × 106/L are the major risk factors related to in-hospital mortality in the patients co-infected with TB and HIV.

Objective To explore the correlations of adult attachment with interpersonal conflict resolu-tions styles and differences between soldiers and employees. Methods Relationship questionnaire (RQ),experi-ence in close relationships (ECR),and Rahim handling interpersonal conflict inventory (ROCI-II) were adminis-tered to 543 employees from different enterprises in Beijing and Liaoning province and 701 soldiers. Results The results suggested the distribution of adult attachment style between soldiers and employees were significantly differ-ent. Compared with employees, there were higher dismissing hat lower secure rate in soldier sample. On handling interpersonal conflict strategy indices, such as integrating, avoiding, dominating and obliging but not compromising (t_((1120))=1.97, P<0.05), there were no significant differences between soldiers and employees. Only on in-tegrating, there were significant ditterenees among four adult attachment styles (F_((3,1009))=10.18, P<0.001).Attachment avoidance had a significantly negative correlation with integrating, obliging and compromising (r=-0.31,-0.11,-0.13 respectively), while attachment anxiety had moderate but significant correlations with a-voiding, dominating and obliging and compromising (r=0. 16,0.35, 0.35, 0.39, 0.30 respectively). Conclu-sion Adult attachment is closely related to handling interpersonal conflict strategies, and there was difference on compromising between soldiers and employees.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To cultivate stem-like spheres from SW620 cell line in the specific serum-free medium and evaluate the features of the cancer stem cells, and to investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA) and eicosapen-taenoic acid ( EPA) on the growth of SW620 stem cell-like cells.METHODS: Human colon cancer stem cell-like cells ( CSCLC) were obtained from SW620 spheres cultured in serum-free medium.These cells were tested for the expression of SSEA-1 and TRA-1-81 by immunofluorescence staining.The mRNA expression of Sox-2 and Oct-4 was detected by real-time PCR.The efficiency of colony formation on a soft agar gel and tumor formation in the nude mice was compared between SW620 adherent cells and CSCLC.The inhibitory effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C on both types of cells were measured by MTS assay.MTS assay, Annexin V/PI staining and trypan blue staining were used to determine the effects of DHA and EPA on both types of cells.MTS assay was also used to analyze the combined effect of DHA or EPA with chemotherapeutic drugs on SW620 CSCLC.RESULTS:SW620 cells formed spheres in serum-free culture.The cells from spheres highly expressed SSEA-1 and TRA-1-81, transiently expressed Sox-2 and Oct-4 genes and were more resistant to 5-FU and mitomycin C treatments.These cells exhibited a greater ability in clone formation and tumorigenicity, indica-ting that these cells carried stem cell-like features, hence were considered SW620-derived CSCLC.DHA and/or EPA sup-pressed SW620 CSCLC by inhibiting cell growth, inducing cell apoptosis and sensitizing them to chemotherapeutic drugs. CONCLUSION:The cells with stem cell-like features, such as high efficiency in clonogenicity, tumorigenicity and resist-ance to chemotherapeutic drugs, can be obtained from SW620 spheres cultured in serum-free condition.DHA and EPA in-duce apoptosis in SW620-derived CSCLC and sensitize them to chemotherapeutic drugs.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of repairing soft-tissue defects of the fifth phalange and the back of hand with ulnar palmar artery perforator flaps from the little finger.Methods Based on anatomic dissection,the fifth phalange ulnar palmar artery perforator flaps were created and transferred to repair soft-tissue defects at the little finger and the back of hand in 15 cases.Types of injury were stamping injury in 5 cases,planer injury in 4 cases,mechanical crash injury in 3 cases,blast injury in 2 cases,and cicatrical contracture following electric burn in 1 case.Injury involved in the palmar aspect near the middle segment of fifth phalange in 4 cases,dorsal aspect near the middle segment of fifth phalange in 6 cases,ulnar mesiodistal of the back of hand in 3 cases,and distal ulnar palmar aspect of hands in 2 cases.There were 6 patients wounded in left hands and 9 patients wounded in right hands.Results All flaps survived and all wounds healed by first intention.At the follow-up of 2-18 months,the flaps resurfaced the soft-tissue defects with good color and texture match and the maintenance of contour and function of donor and recipient sites were satisfactory.Conclusion The fifth phalange ulnar palmar artery perforator flap,as it has advantages of constant perforator vessels,rich blood supply and good texture and can be operated safely and easily,is considered an ideal treatment choice in repairing softtissue defects of the fifth phalange and the back of hand.

Objective:To investigate the change of liver function,viral load and CD4+T count in pediatric AIDS patients with HBV/HCV co-infection after HARRT therapy,and explore the effect of HBV/HCV co-infection on HAART.Methods:95 pediatric AIDS patients without HBV/HCV co-infection ( group A) ,9 pediatric AIDS patients with HBV co-infection ( group B) and 23 pediatric AIDS patients with HCV co-infection ( group C) who received HAART for 2 year were enrolled.Liver function,viral load and CD4+T count were detected before and after HAART.Results:After HAART for 2 years,26 patients (20.5%) were found with liver injury of grade 2 (1000.05 ) .Conclusion: Co-infection of HBV/HCV can aggravate the liver damage of HIV-1 infected children,but has no significant effect on HAART.