Objective To study the DNA damage induced by dichloroacetic acid(DCA) and trichloroacetic acid(TCA) which are from drinking water disinfection by-products. Methods V79 cells and hepatocytes of mice were treated with DCA and TCA for 1 hour and then were tested by comet assay. After stained by EB, tail length of the cells were observed and counted under the fluorescence microscope. Results Both DCA and TCA could result in the increasing of average tail length of the treated cells whether they were V79 cells or hepatocytes of mice and the dose-response relationships were seen. Conclusion Both DCA and TCA can cause DNA damage of mammalian cells and this may be related to the carcinogenic mechanism. DCA and TCA belong to genetic carcinogens.

To evaluate the clinical effect of therapeutic soft corneal contact lens in combination with fresh amniotic membrane transplantation in the treatment of pterygium and its clinical value.
●METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of 200 pterygium excision patients (200 cases, 220 eyes) in hospital from January 2010-June 2011. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (100 cases, 110 eyes) were patients treated with fresh amniotic membrane transplantation and therapeutic soft corneal contact lens while group 2 ( control group, 100 cases, 110 eyes) did not use corneal contact lens. The clinical outcomes in these two groups were compared in a 6 - 18mo postoperative follow-up observation.
●RESULTS: ln control group using corneal contact lens the epithelium repair time ranged from 2 - 7d with an average time of 3. 8d; in group 1 the epithelial repair time ranged from 1 - 5d with an average time of 2. 5d. The patients were followed up for 6 - 18mo, 9 recurrent eyes were found in control group, the recurrence rate was 8. 2%; 5 recurrent eyes were found in experimental group the recurreat rate was 4. 5%. There were significant differences in the 2 groups comparing treatment outcomes (P< 0. 05). Early stimulative symptoms after surgery can be reduced by wearing contact lenses.
●CONCLUSlON:The therapeutic effect of fresh amniotic membrane transplantation after pterygium excision is enhanced by the therapeutic application of corneal contact lens. The epithelial repair time is shortened, the recurrence rate is reduced after pterygium excision and stimulative symptoms including photophobia, tearing, foreign body sensation and ophthalmodynia caused by corneal epithelial defect can be relieved.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are confirmed growth factors that can induce osteogenesis. They can bind to the surface receptors of target cells and activate a series of intracellular Smad proteins, which then transduct the signal into cell nuclear; and with the assistance of a series of cofactors, the osteogenic gene expression can be triggered. Endogenous Smurfl plays an inhibitory effect on the above process. This paper reviews the role of Smurf1 in bone morphogenetic protein-induced bone formation.

Objective To investigate the immune disorder in elderly patients with severe ischemic stroke and to explore whether a new type of diabetes-specific enteral nutrition formula can regulate the immune function of these patients.Methods In the randomized controlled prospective study,90 patients aged 60-80 years with acute ischemic stroke and NIHSS score more than 10 and dysphagia were randomized to two groups:receiving a new type(Group A) of,versus traditional(Group B) diabetes-specific enteral nutrition.30 Patients aged 60-80 years with acute ischemic stroke and NIHSS score ≥10 without dysphagia were enrolled as control(Group C).The immune function was observed,and the nutritional status and immunological function were compared between two different enteral nutrition groups at 7 days of treatment.Results After 7 day follow-up,the serum lipid stats significantly ameliorated in group A.An obvious suppression of immune state was observed in severe acute ischemic patients at onset of 7 days.At day 7 of treatment,the percentage of CD3+ T cells in group A was(69.25±9.93)％ after treatment vs.(63.36±7.79)％ at baseline(P＜0.001),and CD3 +CD4+T cells was(45.79±9.47)％ after treatment vs.(36.12±9.15)％ at baseline(P＜0.001),as well as CD4+/CD8+ cells were(2.27±1.40)％ after treatment vs.(1.70±0.82)％ at baseline(P=0.001).At 7 days of treatment,the percentage of CD3+ T cells was higher in group A (69.25 ±9.93) ％ than in group B(63.07± 9.47) ％ (P＜0.001),and the percentage of CD3 + CD4 cells was higher in group A(45.79 ± 9.47) ％ than in group B(41.32 ± 8.89) ％ (P=0.024).Conclusions Enteral nutrition preparations can provide sufficient energy support in the acute ischemic stroke.Immunosuppressive state exists in patients with acute phase of severe ischemic stroke.The new type of diabetic enteral nutrition formula can significantly improve immunosuppressive state in patients with acute severe stroke.

To investigate the effects of Yiniao Recipe, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on contents of serum antidiuretic hormone, and plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in rats with kidney-yang deficiency.

Objective To assess the therapeutic effects of activated charcoal on the acute dichlorvos poisoning in rats. Method Thirty male clean grade Wistar rats were randomly (random number) divided into three groups: control group (group A, n = 10), single dose activated charcoal group (group B, n = 10) and multi-dose activated charcoal (group C, n=10). The rats of group A were suffered from 35 mg/kg dichlorvos exposure by oral without activated charcoal and senna. The rats of group B received 35 mg/kg dichlorvos exposure by oral with 175 mg/kg activated charcoal given immediately after dichlorvos exposure and 35 mg/kg senna given half an hour later. In the group C, 35 mg/kg dichlorvos was given to rats by oral with 175 mg/kg activated charcoal given immediately after dichlorvos exposure and 35 mg/kg senna given half an hour later and then every four hours. Blood samples were collected from the carotid artery at different intervals after exposure. DDVP concentration and total blood acetyl-cholinesterase activity were detected. Differences in serum DDVP concentration, Cmax, AUC (0→∞ ), MRT and acetylcholinesterase among three groups were calculated by using ANOVA. Results Serum DDVP levels in single dose group and in multi-dose group were significantly different from those in control group (P < 0.05). The DDVP levels in multi-dose group were significantly different from those in single dose group 4 hours after exposure (P < 0.05). The AUC and Cmax in activated charcoal treatment groups were significantly different from those in control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in MRT among three groups. Fours hours after exposure to dichlorvos,the levels of serum acetylcholinesterase in rats of group B and group C were significantly different from that in rats of group A (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in acetylcholinesteras between group B and group C (P > 0.05). Another four hours later, no differences in acetylcholinesterase were found a-mong three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions The peak concentrations of dichlorvos in blood are lower in group B and group C, and the blood acetylcholinesterase inhibition is quelled by activated charcoal. Therefore, the effects of multi - dose of activated charcoal is better than that of single dose of activated charcoal.

Objective To study the value of optimal-angle transmission after 3D reconstruction for the display of aneurysm neck of intracranial aneurysm. Methods INNOVA3100 DSA machine and 34 cases with intracranial aneurysm got involved in. Results With conventional DSA, there were 8 effective results and 26 uneffective ones, while with the method of rotational DSA, the number of effective resuls came to be 31, and the number of uneffecive results became 3. Conclusion DSA acquisition after optimal-angle transmission is better than conventional DSA in the display of intracranial aneurysm neck.

Objective To evaluate the value of Bolus technology for lower extremity. Methods The patients with diabetic foot or leg pain was examined with GE 3100 digital plate DSA machine and Bolus technology, which were suspected with lower extremity angiography. Results Bolus technology was valuable for the diagnosis of lower extremity arterial thrombosis. Conclusion Bolus technology is better than traditional DSA in the aspect of display of lower extremity vessel.

Purpose To study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of primary mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity (PMMNC).Methods 17 cases of PMMNC diagnosed from January 2003 to September 2016 were studied by clinical pathological analysis and immunohistochemical staining,and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results 73％ of the PMMNC was characterized by unilateral nasal congestion and intermittent epistaxis and 61％ of the PMMNC occurred in the nasal septum and nasal side wall.Microscopically,the organizational structure and morphology were complex and diverse,which had several cell types including epithelioid cell type (6cases,35.3％),spindle cell type (3 cases,17.6％) and snall cell type (5 cases,29.4％),the other 3 cases (17.6％)were mixed cell type.Mitotic activity and tumor necrosis were more likely to be seen in PMMNC,among other clinicopathological features with a small amount of fibrous stroma and melanoma and rich blood vessels.The immunohistochemical study showed that the positive rate of S-100 and HMB-45 were both 93.8％(15 cases) and those of Melan-A and vimentin were both 87.5％ (14 cases),while CK and EMA were both negative (16 cases).Conclusion PMMNC is a rare disease and the phenotype of S-100,HMB-45,Melan-A and vimentin are useful for diagnosis of PMMNC.