Objective:To evaluate the mid-term follow-up results of arteriovenous graft(AVG) for patients on maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:The clinical data of 131 patients who implanted AVG from Jan 2014 to Dec 2016 at Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The mean follow-up time was 22.8 months (ranging from 2 to 61 months). The average primary patency time after AVG was (22.20±1.97) months, and the primary patency rates at 1 year, 2 years, 3 years were 61.5%, 36.6% and 23.2%, respectively. The average secondary patency time after AVG was (38.30±2.30) months, and the secondary patency rates after 1 year, 2 years, 3 years were 85.6%, 68.6%, and 55.8%, respectively. Sixty five (49.6%) patients had thrombosis after operations, 50(38.2%) had access stenosis, 13(9.9%) had graft infections, and 2(1.5%) had pseudoaneurysm, 2(1.5%) had hemodialysis access-induced distal ischemia, 2(1.5%) had seroma.Conclusions:Though the primary patency rate of AVG is worse than that of arteriovenous fistula (AVF), a satisfactory secondary patency rate can be achieved through repair treatments. Regular follow-up, early detection of stenotic lesions and treatments are vital for long-term patency of AVG.

Objective To investigate the role of HO-1 in inhibition of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons by sevoflurane preconditioning.Methods Hippoeanlpal neurons of newborn Wistar rats (<48 h) were cultured in vitro.Tne neurons were randomly divided into 6 groups with 108 wells in each group:control group(group C),2% sevoflurane preconditioning group (group S1),OGD group,S1 +OGD group,4% sevoflurane preconditioning+OGD group (group S2+OGD),and 4% sevoflurane preconditioning+ZnPPⅨ+OGD group(group Z).Group C received no treatment.The neurons were cultured for 24 h after 2% sevoflurane preconditioning in group S1.For OGD experiments,the neurons were placed in deoxygenated glucose-free medium and sealed under 95% N2-5% CO2 in an anaerobic chamber equilibrated to 37℃ and 100%humidity for 45 min.then OGD was terminated by replacement of the stored medium and returning the cultures to a standard incubator maintained at 37℃ in 5% C02 and the neurons were cultured for 24 h as described by Ray et al. The OGD model was established after 2% and 4% sevoflurane preconditioning in group S1 + OGD and S2 + OGD respectively. In group Z, when the neurons were preconditioned with 4% sevoflurane, ZnPPⅨ was added to the culture medium at the same time, and the other procedures were the same as those in group S2 + OGD. The neuron viability, apoptesis rate, and expression of HO-I protein and mRNA were detected at 24 h of culture. Results Compared with group C, neuron viability was significantly decreased,apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group OGD, S1 + OGD, S2 + OGD and Z, expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group S1 ( P < 0.01 ), but no significant change was found in neuron viability and apoptosis rate in group S1 ( P > 0.05). Compared with group OGD, neuron viability was significantly increased, apoptosis rate was significantly decreased, and expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group S1 + OGD and S2 + OGD ( P < 0.01), but no significant change was found in the indexes mentioned above in group Z ( P > 0.05 ). Neuron viability was significantly higher, apoptosis rate lower and expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA higher in group S2 + OGD than in group S1 + OGD ( P < 0.01). Neuron viability was significantly lower, apoptosis rate higher and expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA lower in group Z than in group S2+OGD(P<0.01).Conclusion HO-1 is involved in the inhibition of OGD-indueed apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons by sevoflurane preconditioning.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tin ; toxicity

A total of 60 isolates of Fusarium were isolated from fruit rot of banana (Musa spp.), papaya (Carica papaya) and guava (Psidium guajava). The most common species recovered from the fruit rot of the three fruit crops were F. semitectum (40 %), F. solani (38.3 %), F. verticillioides (11.7 %) and F. oxysporum (10 %). Fusarium semitectum was isolated from fruit rot of banana, papaya and guava; F. oxysporum from banana and papaya; F. solani from banana and guava and F. verticillioides from banana. From pathogenicity tests, F. solani and F. semitectum were pathogenic to both banana and papaya and F. verticillioides to banana. F. oxysporum was not pathogenic to banana and papaya and F. semitectum was not pathogenic to guava. The results of the present study showed the presence of several Fusarium spp. on fruit rot of banana, papaya and guava and several species are found to be pathogenic causing fruit rot on their hosts.

0.05) between the radiotherapy and control groups,and the coverage of vascular endothelial cell was incomplete in each group;8 weeks after surgery,the intimal thickness of radiotherapy group was statistically thinner than that of control group(P

Objective To comprehend the influences of vitamin C ,KCL and dicynone on blood cross matching of saline and mi-crocolumn gel and to compare them with polybrene crossing matching .Methods Under the conditions with and without the specific antibody ,KCI injection ,dicynone injection ,vitamin C injection and normal saline were added for conducting the immunological reac-tion with corresponding RBC .The influences of 3 kinds of drug on different medium cross matching methods of different mediums . Results The low concentration of vitamin C and KCL does not affect polybrene cross matching ,dicynone makes the experiment to generate pseudoagglutination ;the high concentration of these 3 kinds of drug can cause the test to fail .The sensitivity of the saline medium method is slightly lower ,the influence of vitamin C and KCL on the test is inapparent ,while in the KCL method ,with the dilution of antibody ,the agglutination intensity is weakened and even disappeared .Conclusion 3 kinds of drug all have influences on the mierocolumn gel cross matching method ,especially KCL .

Objective To explore the effect of high dose external beam radiation on the ePTFE prosthesis-arterial anastomosis.Methods The infrarenal abdominal aorta was replaced by ePTFE prosthesis graft in 20 dogs,and all the animals were randomly divided into 2 groups,including of irradiated groups and the control groups,which were or were not associated post-operative external radiation(35 Gy) to the anastomosis.All the animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after operation for histological and immunohistochemical examination of the prosthesis-arterial anastomosis.Results There was marked histological changes caused by 35 Gy external irradiation at the prosthesis-arterial anastomosis,but no disunion,rupture,or aneurysm was found at the anastomosis.Radiation did not increase the rate of thrombosis at the prosthesis.The result of immunohistochemical examination showed that two side of the anstomosis were CD34 positive.Conclusions High dose of external beam(35 Gy) can cause marked histological changes at the prosthesis-arterial anastomosis,however,it will not exert negative effect on anastomosis in the short term.

Background and Objective: In 1998/99, an outbreak of Nipah virus encephalitis occurred in several pig-farming communities in Malaysia. It was associated with a high mortality rate and persistent neurological defi cits among many survivors. This mixed method study aimed to examine the longterm socio-economic consequences of the illness on affected pig farmers and their families in Bukit Pelanduk, Negeri Sembilan. Methods: A quantitative cross sectional survey was conducted in 2008 on 78 former patients or their kin from 61 households (46.2% males, mean age = 48.7 years) in Bukit Pelanduk via face-to-face interviews. This was followed by qualitative in-depth interviews with 20 respondents. Results: The immediate treatment costs were not a major burden to most households. Majority of the patients (92%) required inpatient care and most obtained free care from public hospitals. Households relied mainly on savings and support provided by the public and family members during the outbreak. However, many former patients found their low educational qualifi cations prevented them from obtaining good alternative employment after their recovery. This had negatively affected their households’ living standards. As a result, there had been a renewed appreciation of the value of education for their young, and one of their main concerns was the fi nancial burden of educating their children. Conclusion: Free public health care protected most households from high medical costs. However, household living standards had dropped due to limited alternative employment opportunities. Education has been identifi ed as a key to improving the long term welfare of affected households.

Objective To investigate the toxicity of lidocaine solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in human neurons.Methods Lidocaine-loaded SLNs were prepared using high pressure homogenization.SHSY5Y cells were cultured in vitro and inoculated on 96-well plates (100 μl/well) at a density of 5× 105 cells/ml.SH-SY5Y cells were randomized into 10 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:control group (group C), different concentrations of lidocaine groups (L1-4 groups), different concentrations of lidocaine SLN groups (L-SLN1-4 groups), and blank SLN group (group SLN).The cells were cultured routinely in group C.The cells were incubated with the culture medium containing lidocaine with the final concentrations of 1.000％, 0.500％, 0.250％ and 0.125％ in L1-4 groups, respectively.In LSLN1-4 groups, the cells were incubated with the culture medium containing lidocaine SLNs with the final concentrations of 1.000％, 0.500％, 0.250％ and 0.125％ in L1-4 groups, respectively.Before incubation (at the corresponding time points in group C), and at 1, 12 and 24 h of culture or incubation (T0-3) , 6 wells in each group were selected for measurement of the cell survival rate (using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay).The cell morphology was examined with optical microscope at T3.Results Compared with that at T0, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased at each time point in L1-4 and L-SLN1,2 groups, at T2,3 in L-SLN3 group, and at T3 in L-SLN4 group (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in SLN and C groups (P＞0.05).The cell survival rate was significantly lower at T2,3 in L1-4 and L-SLN1-3 groups, and at T3 in group L-SLN4 than that at T1, and at T3 in L1-4 and L-SLN1-4 groups than that at T2 (P＜0.05).Compared with group C, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased at each time point in L1-4 and L-SLN1,2 groups, at T2,3 in group L-SLN3, and at T3 in group L-SLN4 (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in group SLN (P＞0.05).Compared with group L-SLN at the corresponding concentration, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased at each time point in group L1-4 (P＜0.05).Conclusion Lidocaine SLNs have toxic effect on human neurons, but the effect is weaker than that caused by Iidocaine solution.

Objective To explore the application and effect of case-based learning(CBL)in vas-cular surgery clinical teaching. Methods Totally 37 resident doctors were randomly divided into 2 groups respectively: CBL teaching group (n=21)and traditional teaching group (n=16). CBL teaching was con-ducted through the following procedures:selecting typical cases-establishing and applying typical case library-autonomous learning-holding regular seminars. Traditional teaching was conducted through the following procedures: basic theory studying-participating in clinical practice-participating in case discus-sion. Evaluation was conducted based on test socre (written test and clinical operational skill test)and res-idents' feedback of teaching effect. Data were statistically described and independent sample t test was performed. Results Theoretical exam score and clinical skill test score were high in CBL group than in traditional group ((thoretical score:(85.53 ±1.75) vs. (79.94 ±2.29);clinical skill test score:(85.10±1.64)vs.(80.31±1.82)). CBL teaching group had advantages in improving learning efficiency, cultivat-ing clinical thinking,promoting mastery and application of knowledge,broadening knowledge, promoting communication and expression ability and improving study enthusiasm ,et al . Conclusion CBL teaching can effectively improve the teaching quality and obtain higher evaluation. Typical case li-brary should be constantly improved and education of vascular surgical basic theory should be strength-ened to promote CBL.