Objective: The current body of evidence lacks clarity regarding the comparative efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) as minimally invasive treatments for benign thyroid nodules. The primary objective of this study is to clarify these concerns. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Europe PMC, and Medline databases until October 10th, 2023, using a combination of relevant keywords. This study incorporated literature that compared RFA and MWA for benign thyroid nodules. The primary outcome was the volume reduction ratio (VRR) from baseline to follow-up. Secondary outcomes were symptom score, cosmetic score, ablation time, major complications rate, hemorrhage, hoarseness, skin burn, cough, and sympathetic nerve injury. We used Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. We employed random effects models to analyze the standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio for the presentation of outcomes. Results: Nine studies with 2707 nodules were included. The results of our meta-analysis indicated similar efficacy between RFA and MWA in terms of VRR during the 1 (SMD 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.13 to 0.26; P = 0.52) and 3 (SMD 0.11; 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.25; P = 0.12) months of follow-up. VRR was significantly higher in RFA than in MWA at the 6 (SMD 0.25; 95% CI: 0.06–0.43; P = 0.008) and 12 month of follow-up (SMD 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.59; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between RFA and MWA in symptom scores, cosmetic scores, or the incidence of complications, including hemorrhage, hoarseness, skin burn, cough, and sympathetic nerve injury. Conclusion RFA showed a higher VRR than MWA at 6 and 12-month follow-ups, with a comparable safety profile.

Background: Both Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are classified as autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). It has been hypothesized that changes in the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene may contribute to the development of these conditions. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to AITD. Methods: We conducted a thorough search of the Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases up until March 2, 2024, utilizing a combination of relevant keywords. This review examines data on the association between TSHR rs179247 and susceptibility to AITD. Random-effect models were employed to assess the odds ratio (OR), and the findings are presented along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The meta-analysis included 12 studies. All genetic models of the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism were associated with an increased risk of developing GD. Specifically, the associations were observed in the dominant model (OR, 1.65; P<0.00001), recessive model (OR, 1.65; P<0.00001), as well as for the AA genotype (OR, 2.09; P<0.00001), AG genotype (OR, 1.39; P<0.00001), and A allele (OR, 1.44; P<0.00001). Further regression analysis revealed that these associations were consistent regardless of the country of origin, sample size, age, and sex distribution. However, no association was found between TSHR rs179247 and the risk of HT across all genetic models. Conclusion This study suggests that the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of GD, but not with HT, and may therefore serve as a potential biomarker.

Background: Both Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are classified as autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). It has been hypothesized that changes in the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene may contribute to the development of these conditions. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to AITD. Methods: We conducted a thorough search of the Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases up until March 2, 2024, utilizing a combination of relevant keywords. This review examines data on the association between TSHR rs179247 and susceptibility to AITD. Random-effect models were employed to assess the odds ratio (OR), and the findings are presented along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The meta-analysis included 12 studies. All genetic models of the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism were associated with an increased risk of developing GD. Specifically, the associations were observed in the dominant model (OR, 1.65; P<0.00001), recessive model (OR, 1.65; P<0.00001), as well as for the AA genotype (OR, 2.09; P<0.00001), AG genotype (OR, 1.39; P<0.00001), and A allele (OR, 1.44; P<0.00001). Further regression analysis revealed that these associations were consistent regardless of the country of origin, sample size, age, and sex distribution. However, no association was found between TSHR rs179247 and the risk of HT across all genetic models. Conclusion This study suggests that the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of GD, but not with HT, and may therefore serve as a potential biomarker.

Background: Both Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are classified as autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). It has been hypothesized that changes in the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene may contribute to the development of these conditions. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to AITD. Methods: We conducted a thorough search of the Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases up until March 2, 2024, utilizing a combination of relevant keywords. This review examines data on the association between TSHR rs179247 and susceptibility to AITD. Random-effect models were employed to assess the odds ratio (OR), and the findings are presented along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The meta-analysis included 12 studies. All genetic models of the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism were associated with an increased risk of developing GD. Specifically, the associations were observed in the dominant model (OR, 1.65; P<0.00001), recessive model (OR, 1.65; P<0.00001), as well as for the AA genotype (OR, 2.09; P<0.00001), AG genotype (OR, 1.39; P<0.00001), and A allele (OR, 1.44; P<0.00001). Further regression analysis revealed that these associations were consistent regardless of the country of origin, sample size, age, and sex distribution. However, no association was found between TSHR rs179247 and the risk of HT across all genetic models. Conclusion This study suggests that the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of GD, but not with HT, and may therefore serve as a potential biomarker.

Background: Both Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are classified as autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). It has been hypothesized that changes in the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene may contribute to the development of these conditions. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to AITD. Methods: We conducted a thorough search of the Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases up until March 2, 2024, utilizing a combination of relevant keywords. This review examines data on the association between TSHR rs179247 and susceptibility to AITD. Random-effect models were employed to assess the odds ratio (OR), and the findings are presented along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The meta-analysis included 12 studies. All genetic models of the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism were associated with an increased risk of developing GD. Specifically, the associations were observed in the dominant model (OR, 1.65; P<0.00001), recessive model (OR, 1.65; P<0.00001), as well as for the AA genotype (OR, 2.09; P<0.00001), AG genotype (OR, 1.39; P<0.00001), and A allele (OR, 1.44; P<0.00001). Further regression analysis revealed that these associations were consistent regardless of the country of origin, sample size, age, and sex distribution. However, no association was found between TSHR rs179247 and the risk of HT across all genetic models. Conclusion This study suggests that the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of GD, but not with HT, and may therefore serve as a potential biomarker.

Sheehan's syndrome (SS) is postpartum hypopituitarism caused by necrosis of the pituitary gland. The onset in most cases is several months or even years after the inciting delivery, so it is often unrecognized and not adequately treated. Because SS often evolves slowly, it is usually diagnosed late. We report a 47-year old woman with loss of consciousness. Fourteen years ago, she had postpartum hemorrhage with subsequent amenorrhea and failure to lactate. Laboratory investigation showed low blood sugar and serum sodium levels, amid normal cortisol and thyroid function tests. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary revealed an empty sella consistent with SS. The presentation of hypoglycemia and hyponatremia are less known complications of Sheehan's syndrome with only a few documented in case reports.

Human ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Amenorrhea ; Empty Sella Syndrome ; Hydrocortisone ; Hypoglycemia ; Hyponatremia ; Hypopituitarism ; Lactic Acid ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pituitary Diseases ; Pituitary Gland ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Unconsciousness ; Growth Hormone ; Hormones