OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from Periplaneta americana. METHODS: The 95% enthanol extract was isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH - 20, ODS and semi-PHPLC. All compounds were identified by chemical and spectral analyses. RESULTS: Fourteen compounds were isolated and purified from Periplaneta americana. Their structures were elucidated as salicylic acid (1), benzoic acid (2), phenylacetic acid (3), methyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), genistein (6), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), methyl N-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) glycinate (8), 2, 5 -dihydroxybenzoic acid (9), (2-hydroxybenzoyl) glycine (10), uracil (11), cyclo(Val-Ala) (12), N-acetyldopamine (13), and cyclo( L-Pro-L-Tyr) (14), respectively. CONCLUSION: Compounds 2, 4, 7 - 10, 12 and 14 are obtained from this genus for the first time.

Objective:To study the clinical and pathological features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and to provide the reference for its diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The manifestation of one LCH patient was retrospectively analyzed.The features of the LCH patients were explored by analyzing the results of skin biopsy, radiological test and follow-up.The associated literatures were reviewed.Results:The patient presented the typical symptoms gradually,including polycystic lung,skin ulcer,diabetes insipidus,and lactation.The skin pathological findings showed the densely distributed mononuclear cell infiltration in dermis and the immunohistological staining result showed positive CD1a. The patient was follwed up for 7 years and died of heart and lung failure. Conclusion:LHC has various manifestations and should be confirmed by clinical features,pathological features and imaging examination.The adult patients with multisystem and vital organ involvement suggest the poor prognosis.

An appropriate animal model of dysphagia is important for research of the mechanism and treatment. Animal models of dysphagia mainly involve rodents, non-human primates and some other mammals, in which rats and mice are the most commonly used. The diseases mainly reproduced include stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and oropharyngeal neuromuscular diseases, with dysphagia. The success of modeling mainly depends on the assessment of swallowing function, such as videofluoroscopic swallowing study and electrophysiological examination. No animal model can perfectly represent the clinical and pathological characteristics of dysphagia in humans now. With the development of targeted genetic modification and detection indicators, more reasonable dysphagia models would be reproduced.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor death receptor (DR) 4 demethylation to the proliferation and apoptosis of myeloid leukemia K562 cells. METHODS: The logarithmic phase of K562 cells were treated by desitabine (DCA) at 0, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 μmol/L, and the cells were divided into control group, DCA low dose group, DCA medium dose group and DCA high dose group respectively. The cells in control group were treated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) 0.5 μg/ml for 24 h, and the cells were divided into TRAIL group. The cells in DCA high dose group were treated by TRAIL 0.5 μg/ml for 24 h, and were divided into DCA high dose + TRAIL group. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) was used to measure the methylation status of the DR4 gene promoter in the control group and DCA low, medium and high dose groups. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to determine the relative expression of DR4 mRNA and protein in the control group and DCA low, medium and high dose groups. Dime- thylthiazole (MTT) method was used to determine the inhibition rate of cell proliferation of the cells in control group, DCA high dose group, TRAIL group, DCA high dose + TRAIL group. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptotic rate of the cells in control group, DCA high dose group, TRAIL group, DCA high dose + TRAIL group. RESULTS: The cells in the control group were methylation-positive, the brightness of the methylation bands of the cells in the DCA low, medium, and high dose groups was gradually decreased to disappear, and the DCA high dose group showed negative for methylation. The relative expression of DR4 mRNA and protein in the control group, DCA low, medium and high dose groups was increased sequentially (r=0.624, 0.704). The inhibition rate of cell proliferation of the cells in the control group, DCA high dose group, TRAIL group, DCA high dose + TRAIL group was increased sequentially (r=0.653, 0.754, 0.709, 0.725) at 24, 48 and 72 h. CONCLUSION DCA can reverse the methylation level of DR4 gene promoter in ML K562 cells and up-regulate the expression of DR4, which may enhance the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion effects of TRAIL on K562 cells.
Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Demethylation ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism* ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism*

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between sexual dysfunction and chronic prostatitis and investigate the effect of psychologic treatment.

METHODSA total number of 346 patients with chronic prostatitis complicated by sexual dysfunction were randomized into two groups, one treated with routine medication (antibiotic, indomethacin, alpha1 receptor blocker and Chinese traditional medicine), and the other with both routine medication and psychologic treatment. Results were analyzed by comparing NIH-CPSI and IIEF-5 between pre- and post-treatment groups.

RESULTSThe prostatitis symptoms and sexual dysfunction were improved obviously after treatment in the two groups, but compared with the control, more marked improvement was observed in the combined psychologic treatment group (P <0.01). The degree of chronic prostatitis related sexual dysfunction was not correlated with that of prostatitis symptoms.

CONCLUSIONPsychology plays a very important role in chronic prostatitis related sexual dysfunction. Psychologic treatment not only works on the sexual dysfunction, but also improves prostatitis symptoms.

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; complications ; psychology ; therapy ; Psychotherapy ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological ; etiology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To study the effective substance foundation of Ephedrae Herba and explore its mechanism, in order to further enrich the theory of drug resistance of Ephedrae Herba.Method: In this experiment, a compound model was used to establish rat model of Harmful Fluid Retention in upper Jiao. The Rats were randomly divided into model group, captopril group (4.38 mg·kg^-1), Ephedrae Herba decoction group(468 mg·kg^-1), polysaccharide group (265.36 mg·kg^-1), volatile oil group (2.34 mg·kg^-1), alkaloid group(40.71 mg·kg^-1) and phenolic acid group (210.60 mg·kg^-1), and normal group (10 mL·kg^-1). The normal group and the model group were given the same volume of normal saline for four weeks. The 24 h urine volume of rats was collected by metabolic cage method. The changes of heart and lung tissue morphology were observed under light microscope. The heart index, lung index, left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left ventricular short axis shortening rate(LVFS) and pulmonary permeability index, number(LPI), lung dry-wet ratio(W/D), creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB), angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ), aldosterone(ALD), cardiac aquaporin 1(AQP1), lung AQP1, aquaporin-3(AQP3) and kidney AQP1, aquaporin-2(AQP2), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) change were detected.Result: Compared with the normal group, heart and lungs of the model group were significantly damaged. The amount of 24 h urine, LVEF, LVFS of model rats were significantly reduced(P<0.01); whereas heart index, lung index, CK-MB, LPI, Ang Ⅱ, W/D, ALD, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01), and the model of Harmful Fluid Retention in the Upper Jiaowas established successfully. The amount of 24 h urine, LVEF, LVFS, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the alkaloid group, and the heart index, the lung index, CK-MB, LPI, Ang Ⅱ, W/D, ALD, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01). And the Alkaloid group can alleviate the heart and lung pathology in the Rats Model of Harmful Fluid Retention in the Upper Jiao.Conclusion: Alkaloid components "Wen" and "Xin" are the effective substance basis of its action. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and the anti-inflammatory effect.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of acupoint puncture combined with Ilizarov technique in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly. METHODS: From March 2015 to February 2016, 76 patients with primary knee osteoarthritis were treated with tibial osteotomy acupoint puncture grouop and Ilizarov technique anatomical puncture group, including 24 males and 52 females, aged 56 to 75 years old with an average of 61.4 years old, and a course of 3 to 17 years with an average of 5.2 years. Among them, 38 cases were treated with external fixation of acupoint puncture needle and 38 cases were treated with external fixation of anatomical puncture needle. Preoperative full-length X-ray of both lower limbs showed tibial varus deformity, narrowing of medial knee joint space and enlargement of lateral knee joint space. The force line of the affected knee and lower limb was moved inward by body surface measurement, and the KSS knee function score was decreased. Symptoms included medial knee pain, flexion and extension, and conservative treatment for more than 2 years. RESULTS: The lower limb force lines of both groups were corrected and the osteotomy ends healed well. No nonunion of osteotomy, inadequate correction of lower limbs or recurrence of deformity were found. Seventy-five patients were followed up for 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after operation. There was no significant difference in knee joint mobility between the two groups before operation and on 6, 12, 24 months after operation(=1.346, >0.05). There were significant difference in KSS pain and total score between the two groups at 3 months after operation, acupoint puncture group was better than anatomical puncture group(<0.05); there was no significant difference in KSS score at 12 months after operation(>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The acupoint puncture group formed a potential acupuncture effect in the acupoint area by continuously tightening the steel needle on Ilizarov ring external fixator during the post-operative adjustment. Within three months after wearing external fixator, the knee pain symptoms of knee osteoarthritis were relieved rapidly, continuously and effectively, which was significantly better than that of the anatomical puncture group.
Acupuncture Points ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Ilizarov Technique ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; therapy ; Punctures ; Tibia ; Treatment Outcome

Esophageal cancer ranks the seventh and sixth in morbidity and mortality among the malignant tumors， respectively. In traditional Chinese medicine， toxic medicinals are commonly used to enhance the efficacy on esophageal cancer. In recent years， as natural drugs have become the focus of research on anti-tumor drugs， toxic Chinese medicinals have received wide attention. It has been found that a variety of toxic Chinese medicinals have significant anti-esophageal cancer effect. In this study， articles on the treatment of esophageal cancer were retrieved from SinoMed， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， and VIP， and the toxic Chinese medicinals in the articles were summarized. It was found that the toxic Paridis Rhizoma， Gekko， Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus， Scolopendra， Hirudo， Sophorae Tonkinesis Radix et Rhizoma， Scorpio， and Bufonis Corium were mainly used for the treatment of this cancer. They can be classified into the heat-clearing and toxin-removing medicinals， toxin-counteracting medicinals， phlegm-resolving medicinals， and blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinals. Most of them were pungent （19，52.78%） or bitter （17，47.22%）. The majority had the meridian tropism toward liver （25， 69.44%）， spleen （13， 36.11%）， and lung （12， 33.33%）. According to the research on the above commonly used toxic Chinese medicinals， most of them have anti-tumor effect and some have been reported to have anti-esophageal cancer effect. The mechanism is mainly the inhibition of proliferation. To be specific， they exert the anti-cancer effect by suppressing the proliferation， migration， and differentiation of cancer cells， inducing cell cycle arrest， and activating B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 （Bcl-2）-associated X protein （Bax）/Bcl-2/Caspase signaling pathway to induce apoptosis. In this paper， the commonly used toxic Chinese medicinals for the treatment of esophageal cancer were statistically analyzed， and the mechanisms were summarized， in order to provide a reference for the clinical rational use of toxic Chinese medicinals and the research on the mechanisms for their efficacy.

Objective: To quantitatively evaluate myocardial work in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis by using left ventricular pressure-strain loop. Methods: 70 cases with hepatitis B cirrhosis who were hospitalized in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from March to December 2020 were selected as the study group. Patients were divided into three subgroups according to the Child-Pugh score of liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A, B, and C groups: 25, 25, and 20 patients, respectively). At the same time, 25 healthy volunteers were included as the control group. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), global myocardial work index (GWI), global work efficiency (GWE), global constructive work (GCW), and global wasted work (GWW) were obtained by applying pressure-strain loops. The differences were analyzed and compared among the four groups parameters. Results: Compared with the control group, the Child-Pugh class A group had decreased GLS, while Child-Pugh class B and C had decreased GLS, GWI, GWE, GCW, and increased GWW, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with Child-Pugh class A group, Child-Pugh class B group had decreased GLS, GWE, and increased GWW, while Child-Pugh class C group had decreased GLS,GWI, GWE, GCW, and increased GWW, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with Child-Pugh class B group, Child-Pugh class C group had decreased GLS, GWI, GWE, GCW, and increased GWW, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The pressure-strain loop can detect early myocardial dysfunction, and has a certain value in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of myocardial function changes in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.
Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Myocardium ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Function, Left

AIM: To investigate the postoperative ocular surface changes in acute attack eye and contralateral eye with primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG)and cataract.METHODS: A total of 40 patients with monocular acute PACG combined with cataract who admitted to Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected. Trabeculectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation was carried out in the acute attack eyes, and phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were carried out in the contralateral eyes. The ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire, noninvasive first tear film break-up time(NifBUT), noninvasive average tear film break-up time(NiaBUT)and tear meniscus height(TMH)were assessed preoperatively and 1, 3 and 6mo postoperatively.RESULTS: The OSDI scores of the included patients at 1 and 3mo postoperatively(14.72±3.07, 11.39±2.24)were significantly higher than those preoperatively(9.68±1.98; all P<0.0083), and there was no significant difference between 6mo postoperatively(10.18±1.84)and preoperatively. NifBUT of the acute attack eyes at 1 and 3mo postoperatively was significantly lower than that preoperatively, and NiaBUT of the acute attack eyes at 1, 3 and 6mo postoperatively was significantly lower than that preoperatively(all P<0.0083). The NifBUT and NiaBUT of the contralateral eyes at 1mo postoperatively were significantly lower than those preoperatively(all P<0.0083), and there was no significant difference between 3 and 6mo postoperatively and preoperatively. There was no significant difference in TMH of the attack eyes and the contralateral eyes postoperatively and preoperatively(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The stability of tear film after surgery of PACG and cataract is decreased. The acute attack eye needs 6mo or even longer to recover, while the contralateral eye needs roughly 3mo.