Surgery,hypothermia,blood transfusion,pain,anxiety,the choice of anesthesia drugs and anesthetic techniques can affect the patient's immunolosical function.Especially for cancer patients,inhibition of the perioperative immunolosical function can make the residual tumor cell metastasis and recurrence,affecting long-term prognosis and reducing quality of life.Therefore,clinicians need to evaluate and improve immunolosical function in cancer patients by several aspects.

Clinical microbiology tests play an important role in the etiological diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, monitoring and alerting of nosocomial infection, rational use of drugs and drug sensitivity monitoring.Microbiology laboratory should strengthen the application and popularization of techniques for rapid diagnosis and point-of-care diagnosis, and intensify the quality control.With patients-oriented principle, microbiology laboratory should enhance the communications with clinicians to better serve the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the most common and severe microvascular complications in diabetic patients and has become one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. With the continuous rise in the prevalence of diabetes, in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of DR and effective intervention measures is of great clinical significance. The mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR), as a protein kinase, is widely involved in cellular processes such as growth, metabolism, and autophagy. Research indicates that the mTOR signaling pathway plays a crucial regulatory role in the pathological progression of DR, and its abnormal activity can disrupt retinal cell autophagy function, thereby accelerating cellular damage and disease progression. Autophagy, as an important regulatory mechanism for cellular homeostasis, maintains cellular functional balance by clearing damaged organelles and protein aggregates. This article provides a systematic review of the structural and functional aspects of the mTOR signaling pathway, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of autophagy, and their roles in retinal pathological changes. By summarizing current research findings, the article aims to clarify the key regulatory role of the mTOR-autophagy axis in DR, providing theoretical support for elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of DR and offering potential targets and research directions for developing novel targeted therapeutic strategies, thereby holding significant scientific and clinical value.

Objective: To establish a determining method for tetramethylpyrazine in Curcuma aromatic Salisb by high-perfomance liquid chromatography. Methods: Tetramethylpyrazine was extracted from Curcuma aromatic Salisb by methanol. Kromasil C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) was used as stationary phase, methanol: 0.8 % sodium acetate solution (42∶58) was used as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1 ml/min and the wavelength of detection was at 282 nm. Results: The calibration curve showed good linearity within the concentration range of 220 ng, r=0.9999, and the average recovery was 99.56%, RSD=0.65%. Conclusion: The method is simple, quick and suitable for the determination of tetramethylpyrazine in Curcuma aromatic Salisb. No literature home and abroad has yet reported quality control of Curcuma aromatic Salisb by tetramethyl pyrazine.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of multistep breathing training combined with acupoint plastering on the treatment of patients with occupational coal worker's pneumoconiosis(CWP). METHODS: Eighty cases of male occupational CWP patients were selected as the research subject using convenient sampling method. They were divided into control group(40 cases) and treatment group(40 cases) according to random number table method. The control group was given conventional treatment, while the treatment group received multistep respiratory training combined with acupoint plastering for 12 weeks based on conventional symptomatic treatment. Before and after treatment, clinical curative effect, pulmonary function, immune function, the total score of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test(CAT) Questionnaire and 6 minutes walk distance(6 MWDS) in two groups were observed. RESULTS: Before treatment, there was no statistical difference on forced vital capacity(FVC), ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV_1)/FVC, lymphocyte cluster of differentiation(CD) 4~+/CD8~+ ratio, percentage of natural killer cells(NK), total CAT scores and 6 MWD(P>0.05). After treatment, the FVC, FEV_1/FVC ratio and lymphocyte CD4~+/CD8~+ ratio increased [median: 78.3% vs 80.7%, 68.7% vs 72.5%, 1.16 vs 2.00, P<0.01], 6 MWD was increased [(430.6±45.9) vs(494.8±58.7) m, P<0.01], and CAT total score was decreased [(18.1±5.6) vs(15.5±5.3) points, P<0.01] in the treatment group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in NK cell percentage between the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Multistep respiratory training combined with acupoint plastering can alleviate the clinical symptoms such as cough, and shortness of breath of patients with CWP, improve their lung function, regulate the function of immunity, as well as improve sports endurance.

Objective: To investigate the role of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in TAp63γ-induced apoptosis. Methods: Plasmid pcDNA3. 1-TAp63γ was transfected into human esophageal squamous cancer EC9706 cells for 24 h. Apoptosis of EC9706 cells was detected by observing DNA fragmentation. The apoptotic rate was measured by flow cytometry. The translocation of AIF in EC9706 cells was studied with Mitochondrial/Cytosol/Nuclear extraction method. The plasmid that expressed hairpin RNA specific for AIF were constructed using chemosynthesis and gene recombination technology, and the interfering efficacy of AIF shRNA was detected by western blotting. After siRNA interference the apoptotic rate of EC9706 cells transfected with pcDNA3. 1-TAp63γ was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that DNA ladder, a typical feature of apoptosis, was observed in the pcDNA3. 1-TAp63γ plasmid-transfected cells 24 later, but not in the pcDNA3. 1 plasmid-transfected cells. The apoptotic rate was 13.64% and 1. 37% after EC9707 cells were transfected with pcDNA3. 1-TAp63γ and pcDNA3. 1 plasmid, respectively. Signals of AIF-immunostaining were detected in the nucleus and cytosol proteins of pcDNA3. 1-TAp63γ transfection group, but not in pcDNA3. 1 transfection group. The plasmid expressing shRNA specific for AIF was successfully constructed and the interfering efficiency was about 80%. The apoptotic rate in AIF siRNA group was 4.52% at 24 h after transfection with pcDNA3. 1-TAp63γ. Conclusions: TAp63 γ gene expression induces the apoptosis of EC9706 cells. Down-regulation of AIF protein expression decreases the apoptosis induced by TAp63 γ.

OBJECTIVE: To explore an efficient modification strategy for a bioisotere antibacterial fluoroquinolon-3-yl carboxylic acid group for developing compounds with improved antitumor activity. METHODS: Novel title 2-(fluoroquinolon-3-yl)-oxadiazole-5-sulfanylacetylhydrazone derivatives were designed on the basis the pharmacophore skeleton transition principle, and the in vitro activity the title compounds was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS: Fourteen target compounds were synthesized from ofloxacin and exhibited more potent antitumor activity than the parent compound, especially the compounds with a carboxylic group-substitued phenyl ring as a modified group around the bioisostere, which had comparable activity to doxorubicin. CONCLUSION: A hydrazone with electron-withdrawing substituents warrants further development as the modified side-chain for the C-3 bioisostere.

OBJECTIVE: To study the genetic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of dandelions of 20 populations by sequencing ITS sequence. METHODS: The ITS sequence was amplified by PCR with universal primer of ITS, and the ITS sequence of the PCR products was directly sequenced after purification. RESULTS: The total length of ITS sequence of different samples was 711 bp. The ITS sequence was divided into three fragments; ITS1 was 225 bp, 5.8S was 262 bp and ITS2 was 226 bp. In all samples 5.8S was comparatively conserved, while ITS1 and ITS2 had higher diversity in base sequence among the various specimens. CONCLUSION: ITS sequence can be used to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of different varieties of dandelions.

Objective: To perform a preformulation study for the novel antischizophrenic drug DT-195, so as to provide information for its formulation development. Methods: The scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and the differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the appearance and crystalline form of DT-195, and the solubility was tested for DT-195 in different solutions. An HPLC method was established for the preformulation determination of DT-195. The apparent oil/water(O/W) partition coefficient of DT-195 and the equilibrium solubility of the drug under different pH conditions with high and low ion concentrations were determined using the established HPLC method. Results: DT-195 was an off-white crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water, with a good linearity with the peak area within the concentration range of 10-280 μg/ml(r=0.9997)in the HPLC analysis. DT- 195 was stable under acidic conditions and easily degradable under alkaline conditions. The apparent O/W partition coefficient of DT- 195 was 0.23. The solubility of DT-195 in solution decreased with the increase in the solution pH value or ion concentration. Conclusion: The established HPLC method is reliable for the determination of DT-195 and related substances with the high sensitivity, good specificity and the good separation of DT-195 and related substances. The present results have shown that DT-195 is a poorly soluble drug, and thus the improvement of DT-195 solubility in oral preparations will enhance the bioavailability in vivo.

Objective: Comparing the differences between dispensing granule decoction (DGD), standard decoction (SD) and traditional decoction (TD) of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC) prescription to evaluate the quality of commercially available dispensing granule (DG), and establish the relevant standards for SD, TD and evaluative methods for DG. Methods: Fingerprint was established by HPLC. A comprehensive comparative study was conducted on 35 samples of DGD (three batches from each of the five A-E manufacturers), SD (10 batches) and TD (10 batches) in seven categories from five aspects of chemical composition type, representative index component content, fingerprint similarity, total peak area sum and principal component analysis (PCA); Clinically recommended equivalent corrections were performed for DGD. Results: ① Twenty-one common peaks in SD and TD were preserved in the DGD fingerprint. ② The content of magnoflorine in manufacturer A of DGD was 34.3% lower than that of SD (P < 0.05); The content of magnoflorine in manufacturer C was 35.6% lower than SD (P < 0.01), and 37.0% lower than TD (P < 0.05); The content of phellodendrine hydrochloride in D manufacturer was 22.0% lower than SD (P < 0.05), and 27.5% lower than TD (P < 0.05), The content of berberine hydrochloride in D manufacturer was 20.8% lower than SD (P < 0.05), and 23.8% lower than TD (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the other manufacturers' components. ③ The average similarity of each DGD and SD was greater than 0.992 6, and the average similarity of each DGD and TD was greater than 0.991 2, with high component similarity. Using the normalization method, the total peak area of the 21 common peaks of SD was 1 unit, and the ratios of the seven types of samples were 0.90, 1.03, 0.69, 0.77, 0.73, 1.00, and 1.06. ⑤ PCA showed that the distance between the B manufacturer and SD and TD was close, and the difference was small. Using the 21 common peak information of SD as the standard, the peak area plus method was used to correct the clinical recommended equivalent of DG. It was recommended that manufacturers A, C, D, and E could be reduced from 1 g equivalent to 12 g of the original decoction pieces to 10.7, 8.3, 9.2, and 8.8 g, respectively. B manufacturer was not needed to be corrected, and still 1 g was equivalent to 10 g of the original decoction pieces. Conclusion: There are differences in the content of components between DGD, SD, and TD in the real world. There is no significant difference in the proportion of components and components. These overall basically consistent differences can be adjusted by correcting the clinical recommended equivalent, thus promoting clinical rational drug use.