A survey of intestinal worm infection was conducted in the island-commune of Minh Chau (Van Don district) and the coastal commune of Phuong Nam (Dong Bi district) of the north-eastern province of Quang Ninh. Stool samples of 900 local people were examined using Willis method. A high prevalence of intestinal worm infection with a cumulative infection rate of 94.9% (854/900), of which Ascaris is most common: 94.8% (853/900), followed by Trichuris: 32% and hookwonn: 12.8% was found. Single infection was 58.3% (498/854), co-infection with three species was 5.4% (46/854), with two species, (mainly with Ascaris and Trichuris) was 36.1% (308/854). The infection rate of Ascaris and Trichuris was not different between male and female but increased with ages above 15 years old (97.7% vs 37.7%). However, hookworm infection was found higher (16.9%) in females compared to males (7.9%) (P<0.05) and most increased at the ages of 10 - 15 years old
Helminths ; Epidemiology

Vegetable samples collected in Vu Phuc commune (Thai Binh province) were investigated for worm egg contamination. A 50% cumulative contamination rate was found among the investigated samples, of which Ascaris was 48.8%, Trichuris 42.2%, hookworm 17.8%. The intensity of contamination per 100gr of vegetable was 14+/-7.2 with Ascaris, 10.2+/- 5.6 with Trichuris, 4.4+/-1.8 with hookworm. The contamination rate was 60% in the samples of leaf-eating and raw-eating and 50% in root-eating vegetable. Dead eggs were found in 12.2% and developing eggs were found in 44.4% of samples.
Helminths ; Vegetables

A study was designed and conducted from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate the helminthiasis infection in three communes of Luan Thuong, Long Khanh and Luong Son of Bao Yen district, Lao Cai province where the local people have the backward habits of life and agriculture. A total number of 1,426 stool samples collected from the three investigated sites was examined by Kato method. A high cumulative infection rate of helminthiasis (90.5%) was found, of which Ascaris: 77.3%, hookworm: 65.7%, Trichuris: 20.8%, lung fluke 1.54% and Taenia: 1.12%. The mixed infection rate was 45.6%. The examination of 452 sputum samples showed a lung fluke infection rate of 4.42%.
Helminths ; Epidemiology

Mass deworming with mebendazol 500mg was made in three schools in the districts of Tan Hiep, Hon Dat and An Bien. A prior treatment survey showed a cumulative infection rate of helminth of 15.6% in the school children of which a light infection of Ascariasis, Trichuris and hookworm but high rate of mixed infection (23%) were found. The post-treatment survey showed a 10.7% of the cumulative infection and 9.2% of the mixed infection. The density of three species was light reduced. Six months after treatment, in Hon Dat where the treatment was combined with IEC, the infection rate was found 6.4%, and it was 13.3% in Tan Hiep where no IEC was made. Mass drug administration is thought to be a simple, safe and highly effective method of deworming that can be supported by both teachers and parents of school children. Periodical mass treatment will be more helpful if combined with IEC.
Helminths ; Child

No abstract available.
Helminths* ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do*

Eosinophils are primarily tissue resident cells, and play important roles in host's immune responses and maintenance of chronic infection during infection with tissue-invasive parasitic helminth. Such parasite secretes particular molecules to evade eosinophil-mediated helminthotoxicity. Continuous competition between eosinophil and parasite leads to stable equilibria between them. Recent evidence provides a concept that not only eosinophils contribute to parasite's survival but also parasite modulates host's immune response. Therefore, it is important to know complex interrelationship between eosinophil and parasite to understand how gently parasite talk to eosinophils and how carefully eosinophils listen to parasite's voice. In this regard, this review examin papers about eosinophil-mediated tissue inflammatory responses in response to helminthic parasite.
Eosinophils ; Helminths ; Parasites ; Voice

In 2004-2005, 414 childrend's stool samples collected in three pilot communes in the mountainous district of A Luoi, Thua thien - Hue province were examined. The cumulative intestinal worm infection was found to be 66.18%, of which Ascaris lumbricoides. Trichuris trichuria, Hookworm and mixed infection with two or three species of worn were 54.11%, 13.04%, 36.47%, and 28.26%, respectively. In the survey conducted in 21 communes and towns of this district, the rate of hygienic latrine was 60.33%. The coverage of hygienic latrine was low (0.51 hygienic latrine per household), on average, one per 10 persons. The available latrines are mainly open-ground holes ( 61.28%) and self filtered - water treated ones ( 21.71 %). 71.87% of the households used hygienic water, of which 36.64% used water supply and filterd water, 41.40% used well water and 24% used spring water. It is recommended to urgently carry out appropriate measures concerning the latrine and local domestic water to control the intestinal worm infection in children
Helminths ; Child ; Water

A model of intestinal helminth control program for primary school children was conducted during two years in Thai Nguyen province, where a high prevalence of intestinal worm had been found before the intervention. Results of the base line surveys showed a cumulative infection rate of intestinal worm of 86.23%, of which Ascaris: 83.6%, Trichuris: 20.6%, and hookworm: 3.9%. The cure rate was 97% (+/-2.52%) after intervention, but the reinfection rate was 53.11 % (+/-1.43%) by 4 months after the first treatment, and 35.88% (+/-1.85%) after the second treatment. Thus, periodical mass treatment every 6 months is needed for intestinal worm infection control. KAP surveys were performed to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of the children and their parents before and after intervention. The knowledge on the ways of transmission of worm infection and the role of environment among children and their parents was found to have been significantly improved immediately after the campaign of health education (P<0.05). Their attitude on the prevention of infection relating to the ways of infection, environment contamination and personal hygiene was enhanced significantly (P<0.05). Accordingly, their practice in term of intestinal worm infection control was also significantly enhanced (P<0.05), especially after the second round of health education and the school supervision. All families agreed to contribute budget to annual deworming program. The model was much supported by children, their parents and teachers for its high cost-effectiveness, easy application and safety, and therefore, it should be expanded to other places.
Helminths ; Child ; Therapeutics

The study was conducted from September 2003 to April 2005 to assess results of the mass deworming campaign in 5 primary schools in Quynh Luu district, central province of Nghe An. A pre-intervention survey showed a cumulative worm prevalence of 98%, of which the highest rate was Trichuris infection: 85.1% followed by Ascaris: 83.6% and hookworm 30.3%. No difference of infection between females and males was found. Mixed infection was high with 54.3% had co-infection with Ascaris and Trichuris (88%), and 24.8% had triple infection, while a low single infection rate (20.8%) of which Trichuris was predominant, was found. A low prevalence of high intensity of infections was found with Ascaris (6.5%), hookworm (1 %), Trichuris (0.5%) while a high prevalence of low intensity was found with all examined samples. The worm prevalence was found reduced after periodical mass deworming (every six months) with mebendazole 500mg, single dose. The cumulative infection reduced from 98% to 84.5% after six months and 72.2% after 18 months. Similarly, the Ascaris infection came down from 83.6% to 52.7% and 32.7%, the Trichuris from 85.1% to 70.6% and 56.1%. However, hookwonn infection remained nearly unchanged (30.3% to 31.3% and 31.1 %). The high and moderate intensity of infection was also reduced after intervention. The egg counts were reduced by 60% after 6 months, 73% after 18 months (after the third treatment) with Ascaris. Accordingly, it was reduced by 40% and 70%, respectively with Trichuris. No changes were found with hookwonn. The intestinal wonn infection control project supported by WHO has been a successful project in tenn of both technical and social aspects. The project was performed with good compliance of school children, their parents and teachers. Expertise and qualification of the provincial staffs were also enhanced with regard to public health in general, and intestinal worm infection control, in particular.
Helminths ; Mebendazole ; Therapeutics

Since 2002, adult worms of human small liver fluke in some provinces were identified by morphology and confirmed by molecular method as Clonorchis sinensis in Thanh Hoa, Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh and Bac Giang province; Opisthorchis viverrini in Phu Yen and Binh Dinh province. This study, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a portion of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (410 nucleotide and 136 amino acid) of mitochondrial genome of adult worms of small liver fluke from human in Nghe An (CsNA) and Dong Nai (CsDN) province were amplified. The nucleotide and amino acid of these sequences was comparatively analyzed with the known Clonorchis sinensis (Nam Dinh strain). The analysis revealed that the Nghe An Clonorchis sp and Dong Nai Clonorchis sp (in human) were homology (99.5 - 99.8% nucleotide) and similar (100% amino acid) to the Nam Dinh Clonorchis sinensis (identification was done). Thus, the Nghe An and Dong Nai Clonorchis sp were identified as Clonorchis sinensis in Opisthorchiidae family, Clonorchis genus.
Helminths ; Trematoda ; Human