OBJECTIVETo study the effect of excessive fluoride on calcium overload and apoptosis in cultured rat ameloblasts in vitro.

METHODSLogarithmic-phase ameloblasts (HAT-7) were treated with 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mmol · L(-1) sodium fluoride (NaF) solution. Cell activities were detected by using a Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay after 48 h of treatment. The effect of fluoride on cell apoptosis was analyzed by using flow cytometry. Excessive fluoride-induced calcium concentration and calreticulin expression changes in ameloblasts were detected by using laser scanning confocal microscopy, Western blot analysis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSNaF inhibited ameloblast activity at 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mmol · L(-1) (dose-dependent) after 48 h of induction. The Ca2+ fluorescence intensity of HAT-7 cells incubated with 1.6 and 3.2 mmol · L(-1) NaF was higher than that in the control group. The fluoride-induced early-stage apoptosis of ameloblasts after 48 h of induction and the early-stage apoptosis rate was positively correlated with fluoride concentration. Calreticulin mRNA expression in HAT-7 cells was higher than that in the control group after 48 h of incubation with 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mmol · L(-1) NaF.

CONCLUSIONExcessive fluoride-induced calcium overload in ameloblasts and further caused endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis.

Ameloblasts ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Calcium ; Calcium Fluoride ; Fluorides ; Phosphates ; Rats ; Sodium Fluoride

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the rational use of Potassium chloride injection and the management of high-risk drugs. METHODS:A total of 1 065 prescriptions containing Potassium chloride injection during the first half year of 2014 were analyzed retrospectively according to“Rules for Comment on Prescriptions”. RESULTS:The qualification rate of pre-scription was 95%. The irrational prescriptions accounted for 5%. The main problems included unreasonable route of administra-tion,unreasonable selection of solvent,incompatibility with TCM injection and other types of injections as well as the risk of Potas-sium chloride injection combined with a few oral drugs. CONCLUSIONS:The defect still exist in the management of high-risk drug aspotassiam chloride injection in our hospital,so that the hospital should set up high-risk drug prescription special review sys-tem and emergency plan which is the effective way for avoiding the drug risk of high-risk drugs.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of fluoride on the viability of rat ameloblast HAT-7 cells and calcium concentration in the cells.Methods:HAT-7 cells were exposed to NaF at 0,0.4,0.8,1.6,3.2 and 6.4 mmol/L for 24,48 and 72 h respectively. CCK-8 assay was performed to examine the cells proliferation;the apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry;Ca2 +concentration in the cells was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy.Results:The cell proliferation was increased by NaF at 0.4 mmol/L and 0.8 mmol/L,whereas inhibited at 1.6 mmol/L and above.The effects were in a time-dependent manner.NaF increased apoptosis of the cells and increased Ca2 + concentration in the cells in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion:Fluoride at low doses promotes proliferation,at high doses inhibits proliferation of HAT-7 cells.NaF of 1.6 mmol/L or more induces apoptosis of HAT-7 cells and in-duce Ca2 + overloading in the cells.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid(TA)and norethisterone(NET)for the treatment of patients with ovulatory menorrhagia in China. Methods Onehundred and thirty one patients with proven ovulatory menorrhagia from gynecologic clinics of 5 teaching hospitals located in 4 different cities in China were enrolled during Jul 2004 to Dec 2006.Ameng them 128 completed the study.Patients were randomly divided into two therapeutic regimen groups:TA 1g thrice daily during menstrual cycle days(D)1-5,69 cases;or NET 5 mg twice daily on D19-26.59 cases.The drugs were administered for 2 consecutive cycles,then withdrawn and patients were followed-up for 1 more cycle.Data on menstrual blood loss [ estimated by pictorial blood assessment chart(PBAC)],length of menstrual periods,quality of life(QOL)evaluated by a 6 item health-related questionnaire were collectedbefore,during each cycle and were compared.Results Both treatments led to significant decreases of mean PBAC scores and shorter duration of menstrual periods,and improved the QOL ranking during the twotreatment cycles.The mean percentages of PBAC decrements in the TA first and second cycles were significantly greater than those in the NET corresponding cycles(35%VS 17%,P=0.004;4J4%VS 34%,P=0.04 respectively).The success rate of TA second cycle was higher than that of the NET second cycle (41%VS 24%,P=0.04).Improvement of QOL ranking in the TA first cycle was also significantly better than those in the NET first cycle ( P=0.03).The percentage of patients with at least 1 adverse event in TA group(19%)was significantly lower than that in NET group(35%,P=0.04).Patients'willingness tocontinue the treatment in the TA second and follow-up cycles(94%,79%respectively)were significantly higher than those in the corresponding cycles of NET groups(79%,59%respectively;P=0.01,P=0.02).Conclusion The regimen of TA 3 g daily during menstrual days 1-5 is a more effective and tolerable treatment than luteal phase norethisterone for patients with ovulatory menorrhagia.

Objective:To explore the effect of a pelvis-assisting rehabilitation robot on lower limb function and knee proprioception after cerebral infarction.Methods:Forty hemiplegic cerebral infarction survivors were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, each of 20. Both groups were given routine neurological medication and rehabilitation training, while the experimental group was additionally provided with 20 minutes of robot-assisted gait training daily, five times a week for four weeks. Before and after the intervention, motor function, balance, walking function and knee joint proprioception were assessed using the simplified Fugl-Meyer lower limb assessment, the Berg balance scale, functional ambulation categorization and the Humac Norm isokinetic tester.Results:After the treatment, significant improvement was observed in all of the above measurements in both groups, but the improvements were significantly greater in the experimental group.Conclusions:Robotic pelvic assistance can effectively improve lower limb motor function, balance, knee proprioception and walking after cerebral infarction.