Intravenous anesthesia is commonly used in pediatric cardiac catheterization. Objectives: (1) Define the efficiency of this method administered for pediatric cardiac cathterization; (2) Evaluate, analysis some anesthetic complications occurred during and after the producedure. Methods: Either Ketamin or Propofol was used for the induction. Anesthesia was maintained by Propofol infusion. 41 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization were included into the study. Heart rate, SpO2, respiratory rate of patient and the quality as well as the complications of anesthesia were evaluated. Results: The rate of good induction, good maintenance and good recovery were 95.2%, 97.6% and 100%, respectively. 82.3% of patients had a recovery time around 15 minutes. The complications of anesthesia were documented: apnea and transient drop of SpO2 occurred in the induction (4.8%), severe respiratory distress (2.4%), increasing secretor sputum (4.8%). Conclusions: Intravenous anesthesia has maitained the efficiency of sedation for pediatric cardiac catheterization.
Heart Defects, Congenital ; Anesthesia ; Heart Diseases ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Heart Catheterization

Aortic Valve ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; congenital ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Humans

Cerebral vascular disease is not infrequent disorder in children. Recently, 66 case of cerebral vascular diseases were investigated at Ped. Depart of Yonsei Medical Center. And obtained following result. 1) Age incidence represented 30% was under 1yr. Of age. 40.9% was under 2 years of age. 2) Of 66 cases 1 schemic vascular disease was 54.5% hemorrage vascular disease was 42.4%. 3) Moya disease was 8(12.1%), cases and cases associated with congenital heart disease was 9 cases(13.6%) and A-V malformatin was 8 cases (12.1%). 4) Over all the survival rate was 80.3% from the accident, in ischemic type the survival rate was 91.7% hemorragic type, 64.3%. 5) The occurrence of sequele in ischemic type was 88%, while hemorragic type 67%.
Child* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Incidence ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Diseases*

Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of childhood, arising from adrenal medullary and chromaffin tissue. Because chronic hypoxia may induce pheochromocytoma, there have been several reports of pheochromocytoma development in cyanotic patients after corrective or palliative cardiac surgery. The variable clinical presentation of pheochromocytoma is obscured by both underlying heart disease and medications. If sudden hypertension, aggravation of a heart condition, or unusual symptoms such as diabetes mellitus develops in a cyanotic patient with congenital heart disease, pheochromocytoma must be ruled out. We report two patients presenting with cyanotic single-ventricle heart disease with pheochromocytoma.
Anoxia ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pheochromocytoma ; Thoracic Surgery

MRI is useful for demonstrating the anatomy of various congenital cardiac lesions and plays an important role in the diagnosis of congenital cardiac lesions. Its large field of view and unlimited imaging planes enable the depiction of complex lesions, the complicated three-dimensional relations of the cardiac chambers and anomalies of the central pulmonary arteries, the systemic and pulmonary veins, and aorta. We describe the normal MR anatomy and MR imaging findings of a variety of congenital pathologies of the heart, in order to provide a better understanding and facilitate the interpretation of the MR features of various congenital heart diseases.
Aorta ; Diagnosis ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Diseases ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pathology ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Veins

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a significant complication of congenital heart disease, which carries a recognized risk of morbidity and mortality. There have been remarkable advances in the field of pulmonary arterial hypertension over the past several decades. At the third world symposium on pulmonary arterial hypertension held in Venice, Italy, 2003, congenital cardiac shunts were classified in the same group as idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. This article discusses the recent advances in understanding the pathology, pathobiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated pediatric congenital heart disease.
Diagnosis ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Hypertension* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Italy ; Mortality ; Pathology ; Pediatrics

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a significant complication of congenital heart disease, which carries a recognized risk of morbidity and mortality. There have been remarkable advances in the field of pulmonary arterial hypertension over the past several decades. At the third world symposium on pulmonary arterial hypertension held in Venice, Italy, 2003, congenital cardiac shunts were classified in the same group as idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. This article discusses the recent advances in understanding the pathology, pathobiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated pediatric congenital heart disease.
Diagnosis ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Hypertension* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Italy ; Mortality ; Pathology ; Pediatrics

The correlation of ventilatory support with sex, age, operation time, aortic cross clamp time was studied in 274 patients undergone open heart surgery after dividing them into total, congenital heart disease, acquired heart disease groups. 1) Ventilatory support time was not significantly different between male and female. 2) In total group, ventilatory support time increased significantly with an increase of pump time, aortic cross clamp time (p<0.05) and age (p<0.01). 3) In congenital heart disease group, ventilatory support time increased significantly with an increase of operation time (p<0.05), pump time, aortic cross clamp time (p<0.001). 4) In acquired heart disease group, ventilatory support time increased significantly with an increase of age (p<0.001).
Anesthesia* ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Heart* ; Humans ; Male ; Thoracic Surgery*

Echocardiography is an important tool in investigation, re-evaluation of remained postoperative defect and follow-up for adult congenital heart disease, even though there are often a problem to obtain optimal echocardiogram. The usual systematic echocardiographic assessments should include special focus on 1) anatomic description of situs, concordance, discordance or valves; 2) chamber sizes and function; 3) valve appearance and function; 4) shunts; 5) pulmonary artery pressure; 6) flow and size of the arch; and 7) drainage of pulmonic veins. The major lesions are presented and echocardiographic features briefly discussed.
Adult* ; Drainage ; Echocardiography* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery ; Veins

Echocardiography is a useful, safe and noninvasive method and is the cornerstone in diagnosis and management of children with heart disease1). Although, today more technologically advanced echocardiographic methods are used in this area, transthoracic echocardiography still has been an ideal tool for cardiac assessment, as it is noninvansive, portable, and efficacious in providing detailed anatomic, hemodynamic, and physiologic information about the pediatric heart2). And the two-dimensional echocardiography with Doppler echocardiography is the essential part of the transthoracic echocardiography. Various images should be displayed in pediatric congenital heart disease, because there is a wide spectrum of anomalies. So, standard echocardiographic images and several echocardiographic findings of heart disease in children based on two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in transthoracic echocardiography will be briefly presented in this paper.
Child* ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans