The conclusions of fertility rate were briefed from analysis of fertility result of Demographic and Health Survey through 2002. Currently, the average birth delivery is 1.9 child /woman. That figure is low among Asian countries. The lowest birth rate in urban women is 1.4; Southeast women are 1.4, women with high school certificate upward are 1.4. The average duration between two birth delivery increasing from 36 months in 1997 to 47 months in 2002 in general. The average age for the first delivery highest for urban women, southeast area women and women having high school certificate up ward. The rate of pregnancy in under age is low, highest for illiteracy women or under graduate primary school
Fertility ; Health Surveys ; Health

Dentistry is undergoing rapid change in Vietnam. The burden of oral disease is increasing, especially dental and periodontal diseases in children and adults. The previous National oral Health survey of Vietnam collected data in 1989 are becoming outdated, and became an inadequate basis for strategic planning on oral- dental prevention to enter the new millenium. The Institute of Odonto Stomatology Hanoi-MOH conducted a National Oral health Survey 1999-2000 in collaboration with the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare’s Dental statistics and research unit at the University of Adelaide. The results of survey provided new and global data on dental, periodontal diseases, socio-economic distribution, fluorides distribution in water and oral health target for the year of 2010. The survey is excellent and successful.
Oral Health ; Dental Health Surveys

The school-based dental preventive program has been developed strongly in many areas of the whole country. Especially, the program has been covered at level of province such as Ninh Binh and Nam Dinh. It is preventive results were very high. Dental carries were reduced and periodontal status is improved. Through the study of fluoride concentration in the natural water, we determine that the use of fluoride mouthwash for children at school is necessary to reduce dental carries.
Health Status ; Oral Health ; Dental Health Surveys

No abstract available.
Health Surveys* ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

Objective: This study aims to validate a Filipino version of the questionnaire by Delclos et al on occupational risk factors and asthma among the health care workers of the Philippine General Hospital. Methodology: Forward and backward translation method for bilinguals was used in this study. The Filipino translation was administered to 110 health care workers selected by stratified random sampling. After 24 hours, the retranslated English version was given to the same respondents. Testing for internal consistency reliability was done by computing for Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was subsequently determined using the Cramer's V Coefficient. Results: The Filipino questionnaire showed good internal consistency reliability, as shown by the overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.9016, which is comparable to that of the original version by Delclos. Likewise, our Filipino questionnaire showed good construct validity, supported by the Cramer’s V coefficients ranging from 0.2204 (strong relationship) to 0.7843 (very strong relationship). Conclusion Overall, the Filipino version of the questionnaire for work-related asthma tested among the health care workers of Philippine General Hospital showed good reliability and validity. This may now be used as screening tool for occupational asthma among health care workers who are at risk of developing the disease. In addition, this research tool may be utilized to establish the prevalence of occupational asthma in hospitals and later on, aid in the development of a better working environment for the whole health care team.
Health Personnel ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Background: In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that about 3.6 million Filipinos suffer from mental health (MH) or substance use (SU) conditions [1]. However, there is a dearth of literature on the delivery of MH and SU services in Philippine schools and workplaces. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of MH and SU services in Philippine schools and workplaces. It also examined the level of institutional support, barriers, and stigma and discrimination for MH and SU. Methodology: Data was gathered in October 2022 using an online survey. The survey generated 262 respondents from all regions of the country. Schools represented 55% of respondents whereas 45% were from government and private workplaces. Results: Schools and workplaces report providing more services for MH compared to SU. They also have more budget for mental health compared to substance use. The most commonly provided services are prevention programs on stress with a greater percentage of schools providing this compared to workplaces. Majority of schools and workplaces do not have any screening or treatment programs for MH and SU. Barriers to service delivery include the lack of budget, personnel, and knowledge of what services to provide. Results showed moderate levels of stigma and discrimination, with attitudes towards substance users being more negative compared to those with MH issues. Conclusion Despite national policies requiring MH and SU services in schools and workplaces, gaps in service delivery and institutional support hinder implementation. To improve service delivery, there is a need to strengthen resources, policy, leadership support and address stigma and discrimination.
Mental Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to explore the late schooler's health concept and health behavior. The research was a descriptive method using a self-report questionnaire which include semi open-ended questions. the subjects were 4581ate schooler's from 4 to 6 grade. The results were as follows : 1. Perceived health concepts were 'having no illness' 'having normal physical feature and strength' 'eating food well' 'take exercise' 'having a bright mind' 'having good interpersonal relationships' 'having strong will' 'recovering well'. 2. Perceived health behaviors to maintain health were 'taking proper exercise' 'eating proper food' 'maintaining cleanliness' 'taking sufficient rest and sleep' 'having a vigor life and positive thought' 'having good interterpersonal relationships' 'receiving health check and immunization'. 3. Health behaviors carried out at present were 'taking proper exercise' 'eating proper food' 'having a vigor life and positive thought' 'receiving health check an immunization' 'taking supplementary drugs' 'having a regular life' 'maintaining cleanliness' 'maintaining warmth'. 4. Perceived causes of illness were 'taking inproper food' 'uncleanliness' 'insufficient warmth or environment' 'lack of exercise or overexertion' 'irregular life habits' 'contact with germs' 'mental stress'. 5. Perceived treatments of illness were 'having sufficient rest and sleep' 'mental relaxation' 'eating food' 'maintinging cleanliness' 'maintaining . warmth' 'taking supplementary drug' 'receiving medical treatment'.
Health Behavior* ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study seeks to provide a framework for understanding differential access to medical care. The framework is provided by Andersen Model, a model of health services utilization which suggests a sequence of predisposing, enabling, illness-morbidity characteristics that determine the number of times people will visit a physician. The framework in this study is composed of two models, one is for Adults and the other is for Non-Adults. Models are operationalized using stepwise multiple regression analysis and path analysis. The data come from a national health survey conducted in 1983. The findings of the analysis can be summarized as follows: First, the casual models used in this study are able to explain only a small amount of the variance in medical care utilization(Adjusted R2 is. 144 in the Model for Adults and .243 in that for Non-Adults). This finding suggests that we reconsider the utility of such existing model using the predisposing, enabling, and illness-morbidity characteristics in light of their poor correspondence with these data. Second, while small amount of the variance in medical care utilization is explained, most of the explained variance is due to the illness-morbidity characteristics. The path coefficients of study variables except illness-morbidity variables show these characteristics to be substantially unrelated to medical care utilization, and the indirect effects of the predisposing and enabling characteristics on medical care utilization are also negligible. This casts doubt on the importance of the predisposing and enabling characteristics in explaining medical care utilization. Third, among the predisposing and enabling characteristics, Medical Security variable is the only one having significant direct effect on medical care utilization in both models for Adults and for Non-Adults. Fourth, the amount of the variance explained in the Model for Non-Adults is more than in the Model for Adults. This suggests that medical care utilization of adults is more influenced by behavioral factors than that of children.
Adult ; Child ; Health Services ; Health Surveys ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this 7-year study was to examine regional differences in scaling experience rate. METHODS: This study used data on scaling experience rate from the Community Health Survey (CHS) obtained between 2008 and 2014. The standardized frequency of scaling experience rate was analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program, and shown as a Box Plot. Using the Map Wizard for Excel 10.0, the scaling experience rate in each region was illustrated using Geographic Information System (GIS). RESULTS: The scaling experience rate in 2008 was 18.6% and in 2014, was 34.9%. From 2008 to 2014, the annual rate of scaling experience increased approximately 1.8 times. The scaling experience appeared to form clustering on GIS, and there were differences in scaling experience rate between cities, towns, and districts. Although the scaling experience rate increased, the gap between regions seems consistent. CONCLUSIONS: The Scaling Experience rate increased annually, but regional differences did not decrease. Therefore, oral health care professionals in each community should strive to improve the scaling experience rate.
Geographic Information Systems ; Health Surveys ; Oral Health

EpiData is a free software designed for data inputting and management in epidemiological surveys. This software can enhance the accuracy of data input, reduce the error in inputting data, increase work efficiency, and optimize data management. The methods of establishing, inputting, and exporting data in the EpiData database for oral epidemiological investigations are introduced by providing examples in the present study.
Health Surveys ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Software