In order to improve the quality of teaching in medical genetics,we adopted a lot of measures in medical genetics teaching program according to the requirements of basic course and the characteristics of lower grade undergraduates.Firstly,cultivating students' awareness of genetic diseases; Secondly,integrating related courses and selecting teaching contents seriously; Thirdly,guiding the class by introducing cases of illness.The results showed that these methods can promote the understanding of medical genetics and improve the quality of study in lower grade undergraduates.

Objective To compare the efficiency and safety of double-channel flexible ureteroscopy and electronic flexible ureteroscopy.Methods From April 2007 to 2016 July, clinical data of 836 cases flexible ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy were collected. All the patients were randomly divided into electronic lfexible ureteroscopy group (n = 427) and double-channel lfexible ureteroscopy group (n = 409), the operation time, success rate of surgery, complications, residual stone rate of the two groups were compared.Results The success rate of surgery was 92.5% and 83.6% of the two groups respectively, the difference was significant (P < 0.05); postoperative systemic inlfammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were occurred in 10 cases and 13 cases respectively, which were cured and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); the average operation time was (81.1 ± 7.9) min and (95.3 ± 7.6) min respectively, the difference was significant (P < 0.05); The formation of stone street of electronic lfexible ureteroscopy group and double-channel lfexible ureteroscopy group were 17 cases and 25 cases. The residual stone rate of electronic flexible ureteroscopy group and double-channel flexible ureteroscopy group were 6 cases and 8 cases, of them were cleared after extracorporeal shockwave lithotrips (ESWL). There were no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion Both double-channel lfexible ureteroscopy and electronic lfexible ureteroscopy are effective and safe therapeutic modalities. Electronic flexible ureteroscopy is better than double-channel lfexible ureteroscopy in success rate of surgery because of its high deifnition and lfexible operation.

5 years, 1 for 3 years, 4 for less than 1 year. In addition, metastatic tumors to the spleen were found in 5 patients, splenectomy with or without combined resection of other organs was performed in all 5 patients. Conclusions Imaging examination is the main method of diagnosis for splenic tumors. Partial splenectomy is recommended for benign tumors. For malignant splenic tumors, surgery, as the main aspect of combined therapy, is required.

Objective To explore the clinical charateristics,diagnosis and treatment of solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas (SPTP).Methods 40 SPTP cases admitted in the First Hospital of China Medical University from 2004 to 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among 40 cases,male to female ratio was 1 ∶ 7 with the average age of 33.8 years.Major clinical manifestations included abdominal pain or discomfort and palpable abdominal masses.CT and MRI accuracy for detecting the location of tumors was better than B Ultrasonic.Surgical procedure included spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy in 15 cases,distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy in 9 cases,tumor enucleation in 11 cases,pancreaticoduodenectomy in 3 cases,duodenum preserving pancreas head resection in 2 cases.30 postoperative cases were followed-up with the mean follow-up time of 58.4 months and were all doing well.Conclusions SPTP is a tumor with low-grade malignant potentiality.Cystic and solid tumors of the pancreas found among young women are highly suspected as SPTP.Surgery is the main method of treatment and the prognosis is good.

Objective:To review the chemical and pharmacological activities of Codonopsis lanceolata in order to provide reference for the further development of C. lanceolata. Methods:The related literatures at home and abroad in the past 40 years were reviewed and analyzed, and then the chemical components and pharmacological actions of C. lanceolata were summarized. Results: The major chemical constiturents in C. lanceolata were terpenoids, alkaloids, phenylethanoid glycoside and flavonoids. The pharmacological ac-tivities were antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiplatelet aggregation, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, etc. Con-clusion:The review provides reference for the further development and comprehensive utilization of C. lanceolata. The development of relevant safe and effective agents is still needed, and at present, the definition of mechanism and the extension of clinical application remain as the primary tasks of the exploration of C. lanceolata.

OBJECTIVETo study therapeutic effects of retrograde locked intramedullary nail for the treatment of middle or distal fractures of humeral shaft.

METHODSFrom October 2002 to February 2005, 21 patients with middle or distal fractures of humeral shaft were treated with AO retrograde locked intramedullary nail. Among the patients, 13 patients were male and 8 patients were female, ranging in age from 23 to 56 years, with an average of 34.5 years. Nineteen patients were fresh fractures, and 2 patients were old fractures. Eleven patients had middle fractures of humeral shaft, and other 10 patients had distal fractures of humeral shaft. Two patients with old fractures were non-union and treated with autoallergic bone grafting; 5 patients combined with radial nerve injury underwent exploration. The therapeutic effects were evaluated according to Constant-Murley shoulder score and Mayo elbow score.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, ranging from 18 to 24 months, with an average of 20.8 months. The fractures were healed except 1 patient with old fracture and 1 patient with extremely distal acute fracture. The shoulders and elbows had satisfactory recovery except 1 patient with old fracture. The mean Constant-Murley score was (83.6 +/- 13.4) points (50-97), 12 patients got an excellent result, 5 good, 4 fair and no bad; the mean Mayo elbow score was (88.6 +/- 9.8) points (65-95), 13 patients got an excellent result, 5 good, 3 fair and no bad.

CONCLUSIONThe retrograde locked intramedullary nail offers an ideal treatment method for middle and distal fractures of humeral shaft. Strict operative indication, precise surgical techniques and stable locking are the keys to a successful treatment results.

Adult ; Bone Nails ; Elbow Joint ; physiopathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

This paper discusses variations of laparoscopic transgastric cystogastrostomy in management of retrogastric pancreatic pseudocysts for 8 patients with symptom or pseudocysts (larger than 6 cm) companied with clinical manifestations.Using a Harmonic scalpel,two 3-5-cm incisions were made in the anterior and posterior gastric wall respectively.In the last step,the anterior gastrotomy was closed with an Endo-GIA stapler.All cases were successfully treated without large blood loss and without conversion to open surgery.The mean operative time was 114.29±19.24 min,blood loss was 157.14±78.70 mL,and mean hospital stay was 8.29±2.98 days,Gastric fistula occurred in one case on the postoperative day 7,and closed 1 month later.No bleeding was seen in all patients during the perioperative follow-up period.CT scans,given one month after the surgeries,displayed that the pancreatic pseudocysts disappeared or decreased in size,and ultrasounds showed no fluid or food residue in stomas at the third and fifth month following surgery.No patient experienced a recurrence during the follow-up period.Transgastric laparoscopic cystogastrostomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure with a high rate of success and a low rate of recurrence,accompanied by rapid recovery.It is easy to master,safe to perform and may be the preferred option to treat retrogastric pancreatic pseudocysts.

Objective To study the onset features and axiom of children disease in Duanguan region.Methods A statistic study was carried on 1 782 cases of children disease which confirmed by pathological examinations.The sex,age and pathology(congenital malformation,inflammatory disease,tumor-like lesions,benign tumors,malignant tumors)were registered.Results The inflammatory disease occupied the first place in incidence rate(44.61%),followed by tumor-like lesions(25.03%),benign tumors(23.34%),congenital malformation(5.22%)and malignant tumors(1.80%).Among inflammatory disease,appendicitis was the most common,the next was chronic tonsillitis and tuberculosis.Among tumor-like lesions,cystic disease was the most common;the next was polyps.Among benign tumors,vasculoma was the most common,the next was pilomatricoma,osteoid and chonodroid tumors.Among congenital malformation,ear fistula was the most common,the next was diverticulosis and intestineal duplicateion.Among the malignant tumors,the sarcoma of soft tissue was the most common,the next was the malignant peripheral nerve tumors and lymphoma.Conclusion Children's disease have its own characteristics which varied in age,sex and pathological types,and differ from those of adults.

Objective To explore a new 18F multifunctional synthesis module with two vessels to synthesize various kinds of 18F labeled radiopharmaceuticals for clinical utilities. Methods The module with two vessels contained five systems, capture of F ion, the first reaction vessel, the second reaction vessel, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification, and solid extraction. The two vessels were made of transparent glass and were used to prepare complex products by nucleophilic reaction or hydrolyzation. Results The complex compounds of 18F-ethyl-choline, 18F-N-succinimidyl-4-18 F-fluorobenzoate (SFB), and common compounds of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), 18F-3'-deoxy-3'-18 F-fluorothymidine (FLT) were synthesized by the new module. The uncorrected synthesis yield (EOS) of 18F-SFB, 18F-ethylcholine, and 18F-FDG were (28.2±1.9)% (n=5), (22.5±3.8)%(n=6), and (58.2±5.4)% (n=32), respectively. The corrected synthesis yield of 18F-FLT was (30.1 ±6.2)% ( n = 10). In addition,11C-N-methyl-N-( 1-methylpropyl )-1-( 2-corophenyl )-isoquinoline-3 -carboxamide ( PK11195 ) was also prepared by the module with the yield of (31.2 ± 2.5) % ( n = 3 ). Conclusions The new module with two vessels has been used for synthesis of many 18F compounds and it may have the potential to be used for other more 18F radiopharmaceuticals.

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on endemic diseases in Henan province in 2010.Methods According to the requirements of The Education Program for Endemic Diseases Control in 2009 Henan Province,50 counties (districts) of 18 cities with endemic diseases were selected.Referring to the health education questionnaire in the program,knowledge of endemic diseases were asked of pupils and housewives.Intervention effects were evaluated two months after teaching pupils and housewives in counties,towns,villages and schools with the knowledge of endemic diseases and the questionnaire was used.Results Among 50 counties investigated,5523 pupils and 3206 housewives were surveyed in the baseline according to the requirement,and 5417 pupils and 2891 housewives were surveyed for outcome evaluation.The results showed that after this education,pupils' knowledge about endemic diseases increased from 66.31％(10 987/16 569) in the baseline survey to 93.84％(15 250/16 251),the difference have statistical significant(x2 =3877.78,P ＜ 0.01) ; housewives from 67.56％(6133/9078)to 92.67％(8037/8673),the difference have statistical significant(x2 =1736.33,P ＜ 0.01).After the education,the pupils' knowledge about the iodine deficiency disorders,drinking-water-borne fluorosis and arsenic poisning,coal-burning-borne fluorosis increased from 70.15％ (6263/8928),62.29％(4423/7101),42.96％ (185/270),68.52％ (116/270) to 94.19％ (8344/8859),93.05％ (6376/6852),99.63％ (261/270),96.67％ (269/270),the difference have statistical significant (x2 =1749.85,1939.26,211.83,74.43,all P ＜ 0.01),housewives' knowledge about the iodine shortage diseases,drinking-water-borne fluorosis,the endemic fluorine,the arsenic poisoning increased from 73.27％ (3330/4545),62.79％ (2677/4263,30.37％ (85/135),62.96％(41/135) to 93.96％(4228/4500),91.08％(3555/3903),97.04％(123/135),91.11％(131/135),the difference have statistical significant (x2 =751.03,924.65,129.75,30.23,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Health education intervention has a marked effect in increasing the peoples' knowledge of endemic diseases.Therefore health education should be enhanced in the future.