BACKGROUND: The rare earth elements (Res) have multiple bio-activities and some extent neurotoxicity, Because of their distinct physical and chemical properties. The studies on neuromuscular junction and sympathet ic ganglia have shown that some Res, such as lanthanum(La), gadolinium (Gd),etc, exert considerable effects on synaptic transmission, but the effects and mechanism of Samarium on synaptic transmission are still unknown.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and impossible mechanism of Samarium Chloride (SmCl3) on the nicotinic transmission in the isolated sympathetic ganglia, superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of rats.DESIGN: Controlled experimental study based on cells.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University. MATERIALS: Totally 40 adult Wistar rats (weighing 250-300 g) of either sex, provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Guangxi Medical University, were used in this study. SmCl3 was made by the chlorination of Samarium Oxide with purity 99.5% and relative molecule mass 348.7, presented by Professor Liu Da-yuan, Guangxi Medical University. Acetylcholine chloride (Ach) and carbachol (Carb) were purchased from Sigma.METHODS: The experiment was completed at the neuropharmacology lab of the experimental center of Guangxi Medical University from September 2001 to December 2002. After sacrificing animals by acute exsanguination,SCG together with their preganglionic nerve trunks were isolated rapidly,then transferred to the recording chamber, the preganglionic nerve trunk was drawn into a suction electrode for orthodromic stimulation. The ganglia were superfused continuously with a Krebs solution, saturated with 950 mL/L 02 and 5mL/L CO2, pH 7.4±0.05, (34±0.5) ℃.The fiber containing glass microelectrodes filled with 3 mol/L KC1 (30-60 MΩ tip resistance) were used to impaled cells and do intracellular recording. The fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (FEPSPs) were evoked in SCG neurons by single pulse stimulations (0.2-0.5 Hz, 0.5-1.0 ms, 2-10 V)on preganglionic nerve trunk. The remarkable membrane depolarization would be recorded in SCG neurons by superfusing ganglia with exogenous Ach (0.1 mmol/L) or Carb(0.1 mmol/L) for 30-60 s. The effects of 1×(10-7-10-4) mol/L SmCl3 on FEPSPs, membrane potentials, membrane resistance, exogenous Ach and Carb-induced membrane depolarization of SCG neurons were investigated in this experiment.The effects of SmCl3 on the facilitation of high Ca2+ (10 mmol/L ) on FEPSPs were also be observed, namely, first superfusing the ganglia with high Ca2+ (10 mmol/L)to facilitate FEPSPs, then superfusing the ganglia with Ca2+(10 mmol/L)contained SmCl3. All the drugs were solved in Krebs solution or improved Krebs solution and applied to ganglia by superfusion in known concentration.The bioelectricity difference before and after the drug superfusion were analyzed by paired Student's t test.MAIN OUTCOME MESURES: ①Effects of SmCl3 on FEPSPs.②Effects of SmCl3 on membrane potentials and membrane resistances. ③Effects of SmCl3 on exogenous Ach and Carb-induced membrane depolarization. ④Effects of SmCl3 on the facilitation of high Ca2+ (10 mmol/L ) on FEPSPs.RESULTS: ① 1 ×(10-7-10-4)mol/L SmCl3 could reversibly depressed the FEPSPs of rats SCG neurons [the amplitude inhibitory percentage of FEPSPs of l×10-4, 1×10-5, 1×10-6, 1×107 mol/L SmCl3 was (49.78±13.85)%(n=20),(39.05±4.05)%(n=10),(29.83±9.73)%(n=10)and (16.30±2.16)%(n=10)respectively (P ＜ 0.05-0.01)].1×10-4 mol/L SmCl3 could chang Aps into FEPSPs (n=5).②The membrane depolarization induced by Ach (n=5) and Carb (n=7) were not significantly changed by 1×10-4 mol/L SmCl3(P ＞ 0.05).③The membrane potential and membrane resistance were not significantly altered by 1×(10-7-10-4)mol/L SmCl3(n=67), P ＞ 0.05. ④1×10-4 mol/L SmCl3 could antagonized the facilitation of high Ca2+ (10 mmol/L ) on FEPSPs (n=5), P ＜ 0.01.CONCLUSION: SmCl3 can depresses nicotinic transmission in rats sympathetic ganglia by presynaptic mechanisms, perhaps due to its inhibition on Ca2+ influx.

Airway Remodeling ; drug effects ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; Scopolamine Derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Tiotropium Bromide

Objective To study the clinical and MRI features of central pontine myelinolysis(CPM).Methods The MRI findings of 11 cases with central pontine myelinolysis verified by clinic and imagings were analyzed.Results There were history of drink wine long term in 7 cases,undernourishment in 4 cases,low-blood-sodium in 10 cases.Long T 1 and T 2 signal intensity was showed on MR in central pontine,focus presented under cortex cerebri and in nucleus basalis area in 4 cases.3 cases enhanced around focus,2 cases enhanced in center and 4 cases no enhanced on postcontrast MRI.Conclusion There are characteristic MRI features in central pontine myelinolysis,it is not difficult to diagnoses CPM in early stage if its clinical manifestations and testing treatment with hormone is associated with MRI features.

Objective To Study the effects of Danhong mixture on water and calcium contents in brain tissue of rats with acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods 60 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,respectively,a sham operation group,a model control group,and 4 drug treatment groups.Models of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury were established by 4 blood-vessel method,and administrated with different doses of Danhong mixture injection and compound salvia miltiorrhiza injection.Effects of Danhong mixture on water and calcium content in brain tissue of rats with acute cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury were observed.Results Water and calcium content in brain tissue of rats with acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury were significantly decreased in Danhong mixture of high dose group (P＜0.01),(water was 75.84％ and calcium was 114.56 μg/g).Water and calcium content were also significantly decreased in Danhong mixture of medium dose group (P＜0.01),(water was 80.13％ and calcium was 132.35 μg/g)Water and calcium content showed decreasing tendency in Danhong mixture of low dose group,but without statistical significance,its numerical value was respectively 73.94％ and 106.32 μg/g.Conclusion Danhong mixture can reduce water and calcium content in brain tissue of rats with acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury,which indicated its neuroprotective effects.

Objective To explore the effect of diversified and teamwork health education mode on disease-related knowledge of coronary artery disease patients.Methods 147 cases of patients with coronary artery disease hospitalized in the general hospital of Tianjin medical university were divided into the treatment group which was given diversified health education of teamwork mode and the control group which was given traditional health education.The self-designed questionnaire was used to evaluate the effect of teamwork health education mode.Results Level of knowledge in the treatment group was significantly improved when compared with the control group,the increase amplitude of knowledge level in the treatment group was higher than the control group,and the scores of the treatment group were higher than the control group in the dimensions of diet,prevention,clinical manifestation,treatment,activity,the differences were statistically significant.Conclusions With diversified,multidisciplinary,and teamwork health education mode the patients' level of knowledge was significantly improved,the correct and positive awareness about disease were increased,and the patients were urged to take healthy behavior,so that their physical and mental state will maintain the best.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy, impacts on lung function and cytokines, and safety of azithromycin on the treatment for asthma. Methods Forty patients with asthma were randomized equally to receive azithromycin combined with inhaled cortisteroid (ICS) plus long-acting β_2-agonists (LABA), or only ICS plus LABA for 12 weeks. We evaluated the clinical efficacy including asthma control test scores and lung function, cytokines in induced-sputum including interleukin-4, interleukin-5 and interferon-γ, and the safety of azithromycin. Results After 12 weeks, asthma control test (ACT) scores and lung function were improved obviously, and concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ in induced-sputum were reduced significantly in both groups. Comparing with the control group, the decline of cytokines in induced-sputum was much more significant in patients treated with azithromycin. No severe adverse events were found in both groups. Conclusions Azithromycin combined with ICS plus LABA is an effective and safe treatment for asthma, which could significantly reduce the level of cytokines elaborated from Th2-type cells in the airways.

After more than half a century of development, obesity and metabolic surgery in western countries has become a complete surgical specialties, but the introduction of obesity and metabolic surgery was only 10 years old in China. The surgical treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases, especially obesity of type 2 diabetes has been recognized and acknowledgd by the majority of surgical colleagues and patients as a new direction of development. The current trend of obesity and metabolic surgery is favorable, but there are many problems in the development of obesity and metabolic surgery in China, for example, the surgery nomenclature is not standardized, surgical indications are loosened, the surgical procedure is modified arbitrarily, the evaluation criteria is confusing, the postoperative follow-up protocol is not unified, etc. These problems require the majority of surgical colleagues to work together to make the standards scientifically a nd objectively in accordance with the actual situatioin of our country, so as to promote the healthy development of obesity and metabolic surgery in China.
Bariatric Surgery ; methods ; standards ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; surgery ; Humans ; Obesity ; surgery

Adult ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; diagnosis ; Male ; Sinusitis ; diagnosis

Objective To analyze the MR signs of primary subdural extramedullary tumors so as to improve the correct diagnostic rate.Methods MR signs of 40 cases with primary neoplasms of extramedullary were studied retrospectively.All cases were verified by surgery. Results Neurinoma,neurofibroma,meningioma,lipoma and teratoman had specific MR features in location,size,shape,edge,signal and enhancement change. Conclusion Primary subdural extramedullary tumors can be correctly diagnosised.

Objective To analyse MRI findings of multicentric craniopharyngioma and improve knowledge to it. Methods MRI and Gd-DTPA enhanced SE T 1WI scaning were performed in 4 cases of multicentric craniopharyngioma proved by surgery and pathology before operation, PDWI scaning were performed in 2 cases.Results MRI manifestations of multicentric Craniopharyngioma is the tumors of Parenchymal -predominant mixed in the sella turcica region or Suprasellar region as the center focus in 4 cases, and different cystic focus were also found in the di-temporal lobe,the basis of anterior cranium fossa,the anterior part of third ventricle,the pontine cistern, the caudate nucleus.Cystic-Parenchymal focus has low-iso mixed signal on T 1WI and high-low mixed signal on T 2WI;cystic focus of the tumors had different signal,signal ranges form low up to high on T 1WI,while high signal on T 2WI and from iso-signal to high on PDWI. After Gd-DTPA enhanced,annular wall enhancement were seen on cystic focus,Parenchymal focus appeared as uniform enhancement.Conclusion The multicentric craniopharyngioma growth performance is multi-origination growth with the sella turcica region or suprasellar region center, the MRI signal specialty of craniopharyngioma is related to ratio of cystic-consolidated and the contents of the cystic fluid.