Objective To determine the minimum alveolar concentration(MAC)of sevoflurane for blunting the responses to removal of the laryngeal mask airway(LMA)in 50%anesthetized children.Methods Twenty-five ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children aged 3-8 yr undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia weTe enrolled in this stuay.Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of 8%Sevoflurane.LMA was inserted when the children lost eyelash reflex and the lower jaw was relaxed.Anesthesia was maintained with 3%sevoflurane.All the children kept spontaneous breathing during operation.Assisted ventilation waw performed when necessary to maintain PET CO2 at 35-45 mm Hg.After the surgery the target end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was maintained for 10 min before LMA was removed.Up-and-down sequential allocation was used to determine山e MAC.The initial end-tidal concentration was 1%and was increased/decreased by 20%in the next patient if the extubation response was positive or negative.Limb movement,breath-holding,laryngosposm and hypoxemia(SpO2<95%)were considered to be the signs of positive response.The midpoint from positive response to negative response was made the balance point.and the mean value ofthe concentrations of sevoflurane at all the balance points were calculated as MAC.Results The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration for blunting the responses to removal of LMA was 0.98%.Conclusion The MAC of sevoflilrane for blunting the responses to removal of LMA in 50%anesthetized children(aged 3-8 yr)is 0.98%.

Objective To observe the changes of NK cell subset (CD56+,CD16+CD56+,CD16+),T cell subset (CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+) counts and related cytokines (IL-2,IL-4,INF-γ) in children with viral pneumonia.Methods Thirty-two children with viral pneumonia in acute stage (within 2 days after pneumonia onset) and recovery phase (within the range of the third to the fifth day after pneumonia onset) were included in this study.Peripheral blood NK cell subsets and T cell substes were determined by the flow cytometry.Blood IL-2,IL-4 and INF-γ were detected by ELISA.NK cytoactivity was measured by LDH release method.Results (1) The levels of the CD16+CD56+ and CD16+NK cell counting in acute stage [(0.73±0.17)% and (0.39±0.20)%] were lower than those in the recovery phase [(1.47±0.22)% and (0.89±0.14)%],which showed significant difference (P<0.01),however the level of CD16+CD56+ and CD16+NK cell counting either in acute stage or recovery phase was significantly lower than those of healthy control group (P<0.01).The sub population counting and NK cell activity was directly correlated.CD56+NK cell counting showed no significant difference between viral pneumonia group and control group (P>0.05).(2) There was no significant difference in blood IL-2 and IL-4 level between viral pneumonia group (either in acute stage or recovery phase) and the control group (P>0.05).As compared with that of the control group,blood INF-γ level of viral pneumonia group showed no significant change in acute stage (P>0.05),but INF-γ level in recovery phase [(28.10±1.38)?μg/L] was higher than that in acute stage [(22.78±1.19)?μg/L] and there was significant difference (P<0.01).(3) As compared with that of the control group,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+T cell counting of viral pneumonia group showed no obvious changes either in acute stage or recovery phase (P>0.05).CD8+T cell counting of both two stages were much lower than that of the control group (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two stages (P>0.05).Conclusion The NK cell activity in children with viral pneumonia decline obviously,which might be related to the changes of T cell subsets;the activity of suppressor T cell was depressed in patients with viral pneumonia.There are maybe many factors involved in the NK cell activation.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant diseases.With the development of biology,its pathogenesis has become more and more clear.There are a lot of signal pathway aberrant in pancreatic cancer cell including Notch signal pathway,k-ras signal pathway,hedghog signal pathway,NF-κB signal pathway and so on.Because of the widespread of NF-κB signal pathway aberration in pancreatic cancer cell,we think that NF-κB play a key role in the various kinds of aberrant signal pathways.So the NF-κB relative sighal pathways in pancreatic cancer are reviewed in this atticle.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of aclacinomycin A polylactide lyophilized nanopartical (ACM-A-PLA-NP) in plasma of rabbit.METHODS:HPLC was selected to determine the concentration of aclacinomycin A in plasma after a single dose of ACM-A-PLA-NP and lyophilized ACM-A.RESULTS:The pharmacokinetic parameters of these two dosage forms were obtained by 3p87.CONCLUSION:The lyophilized ACM-A-PLA-NP has a more sustained release character comparing with the lyophilized ACM-A.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; drug therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Sotalol ; therapeutic use

At present,there are many problems in the cultivation for medical students including lack of humanistic education,insufficient healthy personality shaping and innovation education.We made explorations in aspects of updating education concept,enhancing faculty construction,emphasizing basic course teaching and promoting students' abilities so as to cultivate the comprehensive quality of students majored in medical imaging (ultrasonic medicine).

Objective:To identify the correlation between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods: We retrospectively re-viewed 216 patients who were diagnosed with HCC and treated with TACE between January 2007 and June 2015 at the Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University. The patients were stratified into two groups using NLR and PLR cutoff values. NLR and PLR were analyzed and compared through the area under receiver operating characteristic curves at different time points. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to evaluate the correlation between NLR, PLR, and HCC patients who were treated with TACE. Results:The median follow-up period was 431.11 d. The estimated 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 61.3%, 44.2%, and 40.5%for the entire study cohort, respectively. The median OS was 410.5 d. The estimated 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates for NLR<1.77 group and NLR≥1.77 group were 81.6%, 63.0%, and 45.7%;and 43.1%, 27.0%, and 19.3%, respectively. The dif-ference was significant (P<0.001). The estimated 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates for PLR<94.62 group and PLR≥94.62 group were 62.7%, 47.0%, and 37.0%;and 46.8%, 29.0%, and 18.5%, respectively. The difference was significant (P=0.002). In a multivariate analysis, NLR≥1.77 was a risk factor associated with poor outcome for patients with HCC who received TACE therapy. Conclusion:NLR level be-fore TACE is an indicator of systemic inflammation and is a risk factor associated with the prognosis of HCC patients who were treated with TACE.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum C reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and hemorheology in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. Methods Eighty patients with pelvic inflammatory disease were enrolled as observation group from May 2013 to May 2015, 60 healthy women in the same age were selected as control group at the same period. The serum CRP, IL-2, MCP-1 and hemorheology were compared between observation group and control group;the detection indexes were compared in patients with mild, moderate and severe pelvic inflammatory disease in observation group. Results The serum levels of CRP and MCP-1 and hemorheology of observation group were higher than those of control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . The detection indexes of patients with severe pelvic inflammatory disease were higher than those of mild and moderate pelvic inflammatory disease, the detection indexes of patients with moderate pelvic inflammatory disease were higher than those of mild pelvic inflammatory disease, the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05) . The level of IL-2 of was significantly lower than that of control group, the level of IL-2 of patients with severe pelvic inflammatory disease was lower than that of mild and moderate pelvic inflammatory disease, the level of IL-2 of patients with moderate pelvic inflammatory disease was significantly lower than that of mild pelvic inflammatory disease, the differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion The serum levels of CRP, IL-2, MCP-1 and hemorheology of patients with pelvic inflammatory disease have significant changes, and the detection indexes of patients with mild, moderate and severe pelvic inflammatory disease have significant differences.

BACKGROUND:Autologous hematopoietic stem celltransplantation is an effective treatment for multiple myeloma. After chemotherapy, autologous hematopoietic stem celltransplantation becomes a standard therapeutic regimen for multipla myeloma, and numerous units and centers have reported that. How to reduce toxic and adverse reactions of the drugs, transplantation-related complications and improvement of long-term survival have been present foci.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the new progress of autologous hematopoietic stem celltransplantation in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
METHODS:We retrieved PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Vip database, Wanfang database, free medicaljournals.com source for articles published from January 2006 to November 2012 concerning autologous hematopoietic stem celltransplantation in the treatment of multiple myeloma. The key words were“autologous hematopoietic stem celltransplantation, multiple myeloma”. A total of 46 articles were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Large-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous hematopoietic stem celltransplantation for multiple myeloma obtained better outcomes compared with the traditional chemotherapy. However, many patients could not relieve after single autologous hematopoietic stem celltransplantation, and the disease recurred final y. Al ogeneic hematopoietic stem celltransplantation was limited by donor source, and treatment-associated fatality rate was high, so its use was confined. Therefore, present new development direction included twice autologous hematopoietic stem celltransplantation, autologous transplantation combined with al ogeneic transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning regimens as wel as drug on the basis of single autologous hematopoietic stem celltransplantation. Novel drug proteasomes inhibitor and immunomodulator in inducer remission, pretreatment and sustaining stages obviously improved total reaction rate of multiple myeloma therapy and long-term survival.

Objective To investigate the extraction technique for atractylenolide Ⅰ in Atractylodes macrocephala by supercritical CO_2 fluid extraction and develop a method used for determining the content of atractylenolide Ⅰ in the extract by HPLC. Methods The effects of seven facters, such as the extracting pressure, resolving pressure etc, to the extraction rate of atractylenolide Ⅰ in A. macrocephala by supercritical CO_2 extraction were investigated. RP-HPLC was used to determine the content of atractylenolide Ⅰ in extraction of A. macrocephala. The separation was performed on Hypersil ODS2 column with methanol-water (70∶30) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the wavelength of UV detector was 220 nm. Results The optimal extracting conditions: taking 10% alcohol as entraiter, the particle size of medicinal substances was 60 screen meshes, extracting pressure 25 MPa, resolving pressure 5 MPa, extracting temperature 40 ℃, resolving temperature 30 ℃, and the extracting time 4 h. Conclusion Supercritical extraction is time-shorter and efficient in extracting atractylenolide Ⅰ from A. macrocephala. It is suitable to both trial and industrialized production. The method established to determine the content of atractylenolide Ⅰ of A. macrocephala by supercritical extraction is simple, sensitive, and reliable.