Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; toxicity ; Rats ; Siphonaptera

Objective:To reveal the actual living conditions and the vulnerability of the life quality of orphans with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in China,and to provide basis for appropriate relative health promotion strategies.Methods:Using gender-age 1∶ 1 matching design,96 pairs of AIDS orphans and children from ordinary families in a county of Henan Province were investigated for their living conditions and subjective quality of life with the Inventory of Subjective Life Quality.Results:(1) Compared with the control group,AIDS orphans had lower life satisfaction (45.16% vs.62.37%,P=0.019),suffered more injustice and stigma (35.48% vs.12.90%,P<0.001),had more needs to work to earn money (55.91% vs.23.66%,P<0.001) and lower probability to receive medical treatments when they were sick (36.36% vs.78.85%,P<0.001).(2) The average total score of subjective life quality in orphan group was significantly lower than that in the control group[(145.9±16.0) vs.(154.9±16.1),P<0.001].Scores of four dimensions including family life,school life,living environment and self-awareness were all significantly lower in orphans than in non-orphans which resulted in the significantly lower awareness stratum scores.(3) The average total score of subjective life quality in male orphan group was significantly lower than that in the male control group[(143.2±16.7) vs.(155.8±17.1),P<0.001].Scores of four dimensions including family life,school life,living environment and self-awareness were all significantly lower in male orphans than in male non-orphans which resulted in the significantly lower awareness stratum scores.Conclusion:AIDS orphans have more problems in lives.Their life quality is significantly affected which mainly appears as the decline of self-awareness and environmental awareness level.Long-term impacts on emotion and mental health deserve special concern.Male orphans are more vulnerable than females.

Objective To study the anatomy,exposure and operation method in prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in thyroid surgery.Methods The clinical data of 520 patients with thyroid disease in treatment of operation were retrospectively analyzed,and exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve in 268 cases,non exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve in 252 cases; resection of the majority of thyroid in 232 cases,resection of ipsilateral thyroid lobe+ isthmus+on the side of most resection operation in 220 cases; resection of ipsilateral thyroid thyroidectomy+contralateral subtotal+ipsilateral lymph node dissection operation in 68 cases.Results Exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve in 268 cases.The recurrent laryngeal nerve in the external laryngeal branch was single 214 cases,accounted for 79.9％ (214/268); two 42 cases,accounted for 15.7％ (42/268),more than 12 cases,accounted for 4.5％ (12/268).The laryngeal recurrent nerve during thyroid artery through the rear 143 cases,accounted for 53.4％(143/268) ; during thyroid artery through the front 92 cases,accounted for 34.3％ (92/268); walk line between thyroid artery branches 33 cases,accounted for 12.3％(33/268).The thyroid permanent damage rate of exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve surgery was 1.1％(3/268),lower than that in non exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve surgery 6.0％ (15/252) (P ＜ 0.05).The thyroid permanent damage rate between resection of the majority of thyroid and resection of ipsilateral thyroid lobe + isthmus + on the side of most resection operation had no significant difference (P ＞0.05),compared with the former two,resection of ipsilateral thyroid thyroidectomy + contralateral subtotal + ipsilateral lymph node dissection operation increased significantly (P ＜0.05).Exposure of.recurrent laryrngeal nerve in benign 173 cases,6 cases of thyroid transient damage,permanent damage in 1 case; 95 cases of malignant thyroid,6 cases of thyroid transient damage,permanent damage in 2 cases,the thyroid permanent damage rate in both had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve operation can significandy reduce the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,for the partial thyroidectomy,can chose non exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve operation method.

Objective To investigate impact of abnormal slucose metabolism on major adverse cardiac event in patients after coronary artery stent implantation.Methods Two hundred and fifteen patients whose data were available were enrolled in this study,and the patients were divided into 3 groups,diabetes group(group A),abnormal glucose metabolism group(group B),normal glucose tolerance group(group C).The clinica,coronary artery lesion characteristics and major adverse cardiac event(MACE)rate during in hospital and follow up periods were compared.Resuits There was a higher occurrence of MACE in group A and group B than that in group C(P＜0.01).There was no significant difference between group A and group B.Conclusion The patients of coronary heart disease with abnormal slucose metabolism have higher MACE rate than abnormal slueese metabolism.

Objective To investigate the growth,development,nutritional status and mental health of AIDS affected orphans in China and provide scientific basis for policy formulation.Methods Adopting gender-age 1∶1 matching design,96 pairs of AIDS affected orphans and children from normal families were investigated in term of their physical and mental health status.Results Orphans were found thinner than non-orphans for their significantly lower BMI z scores and subscapular skinfold thickness.Compared with the control group,AIDS affected orphans also had significantly lower SES and BDI scores.Male orphans were more vulnerable than male non-orphans in physical and mental health and no significant differences were found between female groups.Conclusion AIDS affected orphans in China have significant physical and mental health vulnerabilities and urgently needs health care.More sustainable fostering strategies are needed to be explored and integrated health interventions with focus on mental health support will be crucial.And more attention should be given to male orphans.

Aim To investigate interaction of CJX1,an amlodipine derivative,with ATPase activity of human P-glycoprotein.Methods Plasma membranes were prepared from K562/DOX cells,the P-gp adenosine triphosphatase activity of K562/DOX cell membranes was estimated by measuring inorganic phosphate liberation.Results The basal P-gp ATPase activity was increased by CJX1 with half-maximal activity concentration (Km) of (8.6?1.4) ?mol?L-1,CJX1 might interact with P-gp with a higher affinity and exhibit more potent effect than Verapamil (Ver).Kinetic analysis indicated a non-competitive inhibition of Ver-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity by CJX1 and a competitive inhibition of CJX1-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity by tetrandrine (Tet),moreover,the effect of CsA on CJX1-stimulated and Ver-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity showed a non-competitive and a competitive inhibition respectively.Conclusion CJX1 and Tet can bind P-gp on overlapping sites,while CJX1 and Ver as well as CsA can bind P-gp on separated sites in K562/DOX cells.

Objective:To study the behavior problems in children with Tourette syndrome and related family factors.Methods:132 children with Tourette syndrome were collected as our sample. Their parents completed CBCL (child behavior checklist) and FES (family environment scale).Results:The rate of behavior problems in this group was 26.5%, much higher than that of normal children (13.6%). The main factors having influence on this included expressiveness, independence and initiative, entertainment and moral religion. The Wald of the four factors in Logistic regression were 13.73, 10.35, 7.97 and 5.62(P

AIM To observe protective effects of doxepin on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I-R)injured rats. METHODS 120 rats were randomly divided into ischemia-reperfusion group,doxepin, nimodipine group and sham-operated group respectively, ischemia-reperfusion model was made by using the suture emboli method, the content of NO and MDA, activities of NOS and SOD in the cerebral tissues and the intracellular [Ca 2+ ] i in the cerebral cortex were determined respectively. RESULTS The content of NO, MDA and [Ca 2+ ] i and the activities of NOS decreased and the activities of SOD increased significantly in the doxepin and nimodipine group compared with ischemia-reperfusion group respectively(P

In this paper, we propose a new active contour algorithm, i. e. hierarchical contextual active contour (HCAC), and apply it to automatic liver segmentation from three-dimensional CT (3D-CT) images. HCAC is a learning-based method and can be divided into two stages. At the first stage, i.e. the training stage, given a set of abdominal 3D-CT training images and the corresponding manual liver labels, we tried to establish a mapping between automatic segmentations (in each round) and manual reference segmentations via context features, and obtained a series of self-correcting classifiers. At the second stage, i.e. the segmentation stage, we firstly used the basic active contour to segment the image and subsequently used the contextual active contour (CAC) iteratively, which combines the image information and the current shape model, to improve the segmentation result. The current shape model is produced by the corresponding self-correcting classifier (the input is the previous automatic segmentation result). The proposed method was evaluated on the datasets of MICCAI 2007 liver segmentation challenge. The experimental results showed that we would get more and more accurate segmentation results by the iterative steps and the satisfied results would be obtained after about six rounds of iterations.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; Models, Theoretical ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To analyze the clinical features of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).Methods The clinical characteristics,laboratory test,therapeutic regimen,pathology and imaging diagnosis in 23 cases with EGPA from the First Affiliated Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University within June 2007 to January 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 14 males and 9 females,with the age ranged from 21 to 68 years.The mean age was (42±9) years.The overall prevalence of asthma was 78％(18/23).The allergic rhinitis accounted for 61％(14/23).The maxillary sinuses were the most frequendy involved,which accounted for 57％(13/23).Skin involvement was 57％(13/23),peripheral neuritis was 70％(16/23).Central nervous system involvement presented cerebrovascular event.Cardiac involvement accounted for 48％(11/23),digestive system involvement accounted for 17％(4/23).The outcome of auxiliary laboratory test revealed that 96％(22/23) patients expressed significantly higher levels of IgE and 70％(16/23) patients carried anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) which were presented as the perinuclear ANCA (p-ANCA).The patchy infiltrates of lung CT scan accounted for 69％ (11/23).EMG showed mononeuritis multiplex and symmetric sensory motor neuropathy.The abnormal ratios of ECG and Echocardiography were 48％(11/23),79％(11/14) respectively.The pathological manifestations were necrotizing vasculitis,eosinophilic tissue infiltration,and extravascular granulomas.Conclusion Our results confirm the heterogenicity in clinical presentation and lack of specificity.Early diagnosis and treatment will be helpful for good prognosis.