From December 1999 to April 2001, a survey performed in Dong Da Hospital (Ha Noi) showed that in aseptic operation room, asmosphere met 90% of the standard criterion, and in ordinary operation room 80%. In post operation rooms and resuscitation room high possibility of microbiological pollution was noted. 10 examinations showed the number of anaerobic bacteria on 1m3 of air is over the permissible criterion. In 2 operating rooms and post operative room, 100% of intact surgical instruments draining tubes and perfusion tubes are met the demand, while aspirators and rolling cars are polluted. 11 on 30 patients (36.7%) had any bacteria in the operated lesion. There is some rate of pollution in the cloths and the fingers of patients (33.3% and 26.7% respectively) and there is some rate of bacterial infested in the skin area of infection and installation of drain (10% and 20% respectively)
Cross Infection ; Bacteria ; Infection

The author involved in the National Leprosy Elimination Program (NLEP) in Papua New Guinea (PNG) as a WHO consultant has studied the epidemiological status of the disease from 1980 -2000. The result are shown as follow: - Before implementing multi-drug therapy (MDT), the prevalence rate (PR) of the disease was very high (28.1 per 10,000 population). - After 5 years of MDT introduction, the registered cases reduced dramatically and PR declined to 50%. - Distribution of leprosy was even in the different areas. This related possibly to environment, hygiene, living condition and health net work. - After 10 years of implementing the NLEP, PNG has reached already the goal of leprosy elimination with PR less than 1 per 10,000. - MTD has proved to be very effective in treatment of leprosy. It has important role in changing epidemiological status of leprosy in PNG
leprosy ; Leprosy, Lepromatous

Investigation 54 E.coli strains isolated from nosocomial infection. The results as follows: - Only 46 of 54 E.coli strains were frequent positive with the afa pair of prime (85.2%). None of them have both afa and virulent genes for diarrhea. - Antibiotic resistance of E.coli (it was frequent afa positive) with ampicillin (80.4%), co-trimoxazol (58.7%) and cephalothin (56.5%). Antibiotic susceptibility of E.coli (it was frequent afa positive) with amikacin (97.8%), chloramphenicol (87.0%), gentamicin (71.7%) and norfloxacin (67.4%).
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Aspirin ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; aged

Investigating the biopsed gastroduodenal specimens collected from patients with gastroduodenal ulcer showed that: the gastroduodenal conditions can occur in all age groups, but they are most likely to be seen in the middle and old people. Gram stain and urease test from biopsed specimens gives result rapidly, especially with Gram stain. Rate of positive result is high (90.6% and 89.5%, respectively). Therefore, it can be based on the result of two these techniques to make diagnosis earlier
Peptic Ulcer ; Helicobacter pylori ; diagnosis

Study on a patient with ages of 51 admitted the nervous surgical department has shown that patient suffered vertigo, nausea, vomiting and poor consciousness, without clinical located nervous damage; images of CT scanner: dilation of third ventricle of cerebrum, right ventricle of cerebrum dilated larger than the left ventricle of cerebrum; the middle line was proponed into the left; The conscious progress was worsened rapidly; apnea; ineffective drainage and use of respirator. The patient was dead. Conclusion : Magnetic resonance image is the most effective method in diagnostics for patient with fluke infection in the ventricle of cerebrum.
Fasciola hepatica ; Cerebral Ventricles

A study on the clinical symptoms and blood culture in 81 patients with typhoid septicemia has shown that the most typical symptoms in the typhoid septicemia comprised continuous high fever, anorexia, bloating and headache. Other symptoms comprised erythematosus, nose bleeding, hepatomegaly, spleenmegaly and diarrhea. The blood culture aimed at identifying the causative bacterial had a high positive rate within 96 hours after fever. This rate was very low in cases of antibiotic administration at home
Typhoid Fever ; blood

The culture of pus, fluid in the incisions, injuries from 540 patients in Saint Paul hospital has shown that 12.9% of samples infected with S.aureus. The isolated S.aureus rates resist to chloramphenicole, erythromycin, norfloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin, oxacillin were 50.3%, 38.4%, 20.5%, 24%, 20.1%, 17.6%, respectively. There was no occurrence of resistance to Vancomycin. S.aureus had a high sensitivity to common antibiotics such as Amikacin, cephalotin, gentamicin and norfloxacin.
Drug Resistance ; injuries ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Epilepsia syndromes in children, commonly happen as simple partial seizures without impairing consciousness, and usually are overlooked. In this article, the authors described some simple partial seizures which mostly wer overlooked through different previous clinical examinations. Owing to carefully taking the history of the disease from the parents relating some highly suggestive events such as somnambulism, distraction, repetitive stomach and headache without any physical lesion, and particularly owing to the specific device almost patients have been.
Epilepsies, Partial ; Child

A study on 6 operation theatre in Saint Paul Hospital during 1999-2000 has shown that there were 4 rounds of checking that did not meet the allowed standards of aerobic microorganism among 36 round of checking. In these 4 rounds, there were presence of S.aprophyticus and fungus. There was presence of P.aeruginosa and S.aureus and Enterobacteria in the air of operation theatre.
Bacterial Infections ; surgery ; hospitals

The bacteria most likely to cause hospital acquired infection are enteric those (35%), followed by S. aureus (25%), P. aeruginosa (13%) and S. pneumoniae (12.3%). S. aureus isolations have high rate of penicillin resistance, followed by chloramphenicol, ampicilline, cephalothine and oxacilline. P. aeruginosa has resisted to gentamycin and netilmycin and remains to be sensitive to amikacine, norfloxacine and ciprofloxacine. E. pneumoniae remains to be sensitive to most of test antibiotics, but it has resisted to chloramphenicol and penicillin. E. coli has high rate of resistance to ampicilline, cephalothine and chloramphenicol, but it remains to be sensitive highly to amikacin, netilmycin, gentamycin and tobramycin.
Bacterial Infections ; Sensitivity and Specificity