INTRODUCTIONThe present study aimed to determine the impact of an extended infection control training programme, which was conducted for all interns posted to the Department of Paediatrics, on the incidence of paediatric intensive care unit (PICU)-acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs) in University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia.

METHODSThe development of nosocomial BSIs during the baseline period (1 January-31 October 2008) and intervention period (1 November-31 December 2009) was monitored. During the intervention period, all paediatric interns underwent training in hand hygiene and aseptic techniques for accessing vascular catheters.

RESULTSA total of 25 patients had PICU-acquired BSIs during the baseline period, while 18 patients had PICU-acquired BSIs during the intervention period (i.e. infection rate of 88 per 1,000 and 41 per 1,000 admissions, respectively). The infections were related to central venous catheters (CVCs) in 22 of the 25 patients who had PICU-acquired BSIs during the baseline period and 11 of the 18 patients who had PICU-acquired BSIs during the intervention period. Thus, the incidence rates of catheter-related BSIs were 25.2 per 1,000 CVC-days and 9.3 per 1,000 CVC-days, respectively (p < 0.05). The Paediatric Risk of Standardised Mortality III score was an independent risk factor for PICU-acquired BSIs and the intervention significantly reduced this risk.

CONCLUSIONThe education of medical interns on infection control, a relatively low-cost intervention, resulted in a substantial reduction in the incidence of PICU-acquired BSIs.

Catheter-Related Infections ; prevention & control ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; adverse effects ; Catheters, Indwelling ; adverse effects ; Central Venous Catheters ; adverse effects ; Child, Preschool ; Cross Infection ; prevention & control ; Female ; Hand Hygiene ; Humans ; Infant ; Infection Control ; methods ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Internship and Residency ; Malaysia ; Male ; Pediatrics ; education ; Proportional Hazards Models