Objective: In Japan, the Integrated Community Care System aims to support residents to live as independently as possible at home. Koreisya-Kyoshitsu and Fureaiikiiki salons are two types of group activities for community-dwelling elderly. We investigated effective ways of conducting such activities.
Methods: We analyzed 96 subjects from 8 salons and 354 subjects from 10 Koreisya-Kyoshitsu. Self-completed questionnaires included the following: attributes, the Motor Fitness Scale (MFS), revised Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS), Measurement of Psychological Independence (MPI), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and self-rated health status (SRH). Follow-up assessment was conducted 6 months later. Representatives from 8 salons and staff members from 10 Koreisya-Kyoshitsu answered an additional questionnaire on management.
Results: In Koreisya-Kyoshitsu, physical performance (MFS) (p = 0.007) and subjective well-being (PGCMS) (p = 0.001) improved significantly, whereas psychological independence (MPI) deteriorated significantly (p = 0.015). The MFS scores significantly improved in the sub-group with a high number of sessions (7 or more) (p = 0.043), as well as in the non-volunteer sub-group (p = 0.004). The PGCMS scores significantly improved in the sub-group with a high number of sessions (p < 0.001). The MPI scores significantly deteriorated in the sub-group with a low frequency of sessions (6 or less) and in the non-volunteer sub-group (p = 0.013 and p = 0.010, respectively). In salons, the frequency of going out decreased significantly (p = 0.049). Functional status (IADL) significantly improved in the “twice or more a month” sub-group (p = 0.046), whereas it significantly deteriorated in the “once a month” sub-group (p = 0.004). The proportion of volunteers/organizers in Koreisya-Kyoshitsu (23.4%) was significantly lower than that in salons (39.6%).
Conclusion: The frequency (number) of sessions, but not the volunteer/non-volunteer attribute, was a key factor in obtaining the health promotion effects of group activities in both Koreisya-Kyoshitsu and salons.

Introduction : To detect major symptoms of dementia, especially symptoms of non-Alzheimer-type dementia, we tried to develop an informant-based questionnaire, the Dementia differentiation questionnaire-41 items (DDQ41).
Methods : The DDQ41 consisted of 11 questions on symptoms of early dementia (Q-Dementia11), 8 on Alzheimer's disease dementia(Q-ADD8), 9 on dementia with Lewy bodies (Q-DLB9), 8 on vascular dementia (Q-VD8), 5 on frontal lobe signs (Q-Frontal5), and additional 2 questions on urinary incontinence and speech disturbance. Caregivers of the 575 outpatients, who included only 1 diagnosis of dementia disease, checked the DDQ41.
Results : Mean score of Q-Dementia11 in the MCI group was significantly lower than that in the other dementia groups. Mean score of Q-ADD8 in the ADD group was not significantly different from that in the other dementia groups. Mean score of Q-DLB9 in the DLB group was significantly higher than that in the other dementia groups. Area under the ROC curve of Q-DLB9 was 85.6%, and sensitivity and specificity were 82.6% and 77.7%(cut-off : 3 items/4 items), respectively, for DLB.
Conclusion : We developed the DDQ41, an informant-based questionnaire sheet, for detecting symptoms of dementia. It may be useful in detecting frontal lobe signs and symptoms of non-Alzheimer-type dementia, especially those of DLB.