The effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on headache in clinical trials were reviewed. First, the effects of Western medicine on headache for patients with primary headache and secondary headache were systematically reviewed based on online data, and possible mechanisms were discussed. Second, the role and potential use of acupuncture and moxibustion on headache were considered based on a review of research literature. Finally, the effectiveness of acupuncture and moxibustion on migraine and tension type headache was systematically examined based on online data. These results suggest that acupuncture and moxibustion may be most effective on recurring headache.