Objective To evaluate the efficiency of treatment of iliac-femoral venous thrombus(I-FVT)via double femoral veins.Methods Eighteen patients with I-FVT were treated with implantation of inferior vena caval filter,catheter-directed cut,balloon-directed extend and drag.Some patients were treated with ATD or OASIS catheter.After operation,the catheter was kept in iliac-femoral veins for one to six days.Meanwhile,strict anti-coagulation was necessary.Results The treatment was successful in seventeen patients,the iliac-femoral veins were patent after the opration.Swollen symptom of lower limb and pain disappeared in fifteen patients,swollen symptom of lower limb became better in two patients.The treatment was fail in one patient.Follow-up study showed no pulmonary embolization or recrudescence in all eighteen patients.Conclusion The treatment of I-FVT via double femoral veins is a safe and effective method,there are no serious complications.

Objective To investigate the effects of commonly used inductive agents on peripheral blood monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) in renal transplantation recipients and to discuss their possible mechanism.Methods The enrolled patients received rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) or basiliximab for induction therapy,with the maintenance immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus,mycophenolate mofetil and steroid.The number of CD11 b + CD33 + HLA-DR-CD14 + CD1 5-M-MDSCs and cytokine levels in peripheral blood,including interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-2 (IL-2),IL-4 and IL-6,were measured by flow cytometry before and 1 week,2 weeks,1 month,2 months,3 months after operation.Results A total of 47 recipients (29 given rATG 29,and 18 given basiliximab) were included in this study.Compared to the patients with basiliximab,asignificant increase in the frequency of M-MDSCs was observed in the rATG group at 2nd month after operation (5.5％ ± 2.8％ vs.3.8％ ± 1.6％,P＜0.001) and at 3rd month after operation (7.0 ％ ± 3.1％vs.4.1％ ± 2.3 ％,P＜ 0.001),while there was no significant difference in the cell number between the two groups.In the cytokine detection,levels of IL-2 and IL-4 in the rATG-treated recipients were significantly higher at 2nd weekpostoperation (Pr2 =0.032,and PIL-4 =0.019)and 1st month postoperation (PIL-2 =0.024,PIL-4 ＜0.001) than the basiliximab group.Conclusions ATG promotes the expansion of M-MDSCs,which is associated with the secretion of IL-2 and IL-4 due to the lymphocytes depletion.The synergistic immunosuppressive effect may contribute to the induction of immune tolerance.

Objective To compare the curative effects between recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) and sodium nitroprusside in treatment of the acute attack of elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), and probe the impacts of rhBNP on the heart function,serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), norepinephrine (NE), endothelin 1 (ET-1) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels. Methods The 89 patients aged 65-85 years at acute attack stage of CHF were randomized into two therapy groups: rhBNP group (n= 47) and sodium nitroprusside group (n=42). The clinical effects, heart function, serum BNP, NE, ET-1 and ADH changes were observed before and after the treatment. Results After 24 hours of treatment, the efficacy rate and total effective rate were higher in rhBNP group than in sodium nitroprusside group (51.1% vs. 26.2 %,95.7% vs. 66. 7%, respectively, P＜0. 05 and P＜0. 01), and non-efficacy rate in rhBNP group was lower (4.3% vs. 33. 3%, P＜0. 01). There was one death case in rhBNP group and three in sodium nitroprusside group. In rhBNP group, left ventricular ejection fraction values increased after 2 weeks of treatment [(46.2± 9.5)% vs. (38.1 ±6.0)%], P＜0.05. Serum BNP level significantly decreased in rhlBNP group than in sodium nitroprusside group after 2 weeks of treatment (P＜0.05).In rhBNP group, serum BNP and NE levels decreased 24 hours and 2 weeks after treatment (P＜0. 01) and the levels furtherly reduced after 2 weeks (P＜0.01). Serum ET-1 level decreased in rhBNP group than in sodium nitroprusside group 2 weeks after treatment (P＜0.05). In rhBNP group, there was no significant difference in serum ET-1 level between baseline and 24 hours after treatment (P＞ 0. 05), but the ET-1 level decreased 2 weeks after treatment as compared with 24 hours after treatment (P＜0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups before and after treatment (P＞0.05). Incidences of headache and hypotension were lower in rhBNP group than in sodium nitroprusside group (4.3% vs. 19.0%, 14.9% vs. 23.8%, both P＜0.05),Conclusions RhBNP can be safely and effectively used for acute attack of CHF.

Discovery of an efficient bioconversion of cellulosic biomass and its hydrolysis to ethanol is the key to unlocking in developing of a bioethanol industry. The lack of industrially suitable microorganisms to convert xylose to ethanol fuel has been cited as a major technical bottleneck. In the past decades, many improvements have been made in the metabolic engineering of microorganisms, including Zymomonas mobilis, Escherichia coli, and yeasts, for the fermentation of xylose to produce ethanol by introducing genes for either xylose metabolism or ethanol production. The history and the current progress in constructing these strains are presented in this review.
Bacteria ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Fungi ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Engineering ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods ; Metabolic Engineering ; Xylose ; metabolism

Phyllanthi Fructus is a highly unique medicine and food homologous item, which exhibits distinctive flavor, notable nutritional value, and abundant pharmacological activity. It has enormous potential in the creation of health products and pharmaceuticals. However, due to the unique laws of quality formation and transfer of Phyllanthi Fructus, its appearance, shape, chemical compositions, nutrients, and sensory flavors are frequently greatly influenced by botanical resources, the processing and storage conditions. As a result, the current quality evaluation model is difficult to meet the needs of Phyllanthi Fructus as a medicine and food homologous item in the development of diversified products. This paper constructs the hierarchical utilization mode of Phyllanthi Fructus based on its unique quality formation and transmission laws, explores the quality evaluation model for food-oriented use and medicinal-oriented use, respectively, and systematically describes the quality evaluation idea under diversified application scenarios. This paper aims to serve as a reference for the construction of a quality evaluation model suitable for the medicine and food homologous item of Phyllanthi Fructus.