Objective To investigate the effects of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with lornoxicam and fentanyl on arrhythmia and the expression of platelet membrane glycoproteins in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) after abdominal surgery.Methods Eighty ASA II or III patients with CAD aged 51-66 yrs weighing 59-68 kg presenting for bdominal surgery participated in this study. CAD was diagnosed by clinical symptoms and ischemic changes on ECG. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular henobarbital 0.1 g and scopolamine 0.3 mg. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl, droperidol, propofol and vecuronium and maintained with propofol, fentanyl and vecuronium. The patients received PCIA after operation. The PCIA solution contained fentanyl 0.9 mg and droperidol 5 mg in 100 ml of normal saline (N.S. ) in group A ( n - 40) or lomoxicam 56 mg, fentanyl 0.2 mg and dropendol 5 mg in 100 ml N.S. in group B ( n = 40). In group A the loading dose was fentanyl 0.05 mg and in group B lornoxicam 4 mg. PCIA included a background infusion at 2 ml ? h-1 and a bolus of 0.5 ml with a 15 min lock-out. VAS (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain) was used to measure pain intensity In addition to BP, HR and SpO2 monitoring ECG was continuously monitored with a Holler monitor after operation Blood samples were taken from peripheral vein before and 6h after operation and on the 1st, 2nd, 7th and 8th postoperative days for determination of the expression of CD62p, CD63 and CD41/CD61 on the platelet membrane, platelet count, prothrombin time ( PT) thrombin time (TT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) Results The two groups were comparable with respect to sex, age, body weight, severity of CAD, duration of operation and intraoperative blood loss. The patients received no blood transfusion during operation. There was no significant difference in VAS score, platelet count, PT, TT and PIT between the two groups. The incidence of atrial and ventricular premature beat on ECG and the expression of CD41 /CD61 , CD62P and CD63 on the platelet membrane were significandy lower in group B than in group A on the 7th and 8th postoperative days (P

Objective To investigate the effect of hypothermia on cytokine expression in rats with lipopolysaccharide- induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and investigate whether or not hypothermia can inhibit inflammatory reaction and attenuated lung injuries, thereby preventing the development of ARDS. Methods A rat model of ARDS was established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (3 mg/ kg, 0.5 ml, LPS) at 16 h after LPS (1 mg/kg, 0.3 ml) intraperitoneal administration. Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: ARDS + Normalthermia (AN) , ARDS + Hypothermia (AH) , NS+ Normalthermia (NN), and NS + Hypothermia (NH) groups. At 3 h after ARDS, rats were killed by hemorrhage from carotid artery. Lung lavage was performed, tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF-?) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in BALF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .Results Within (2.3?1.6) h the ARDS model in AN group and AH group was successfully replicated. Compared with the NN group, the concentrations of TNF-? and IL-6 increased significantly in the AN group ( P 0.05). Conclusion Hypothermia has inhibitory effect on the expression and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-?, IL-6) in rats with ARDS. Hypothermia may inhibit inflammatory reaction, attenuated lung injuries and serve as a new measure to prevent and treat ARDS.

BACKGROUND: Erigeron, the inhibitor of protein kinase C, functions to decrease the death of neurocytes caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of erigeron on hippocampus adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of gerbils with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.DESIGN: A random controlled experiment.SETTING: Anesthesia Department of the Fourth Hospital of Suzhou University, Anesthesia Department of the Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi City, and Anesthesia Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was done in the key laboratory of anesthesiology of Jiangsu Province from March 2002 to May 2003. The 90 Mongolian gerbils were divided into 9 groups: sham operated group, cerebral ischemia group, cerebral ischemia reperfusion 1 hour group, cerebral ischemia reperfusion 12 hours group, cerebral ischemia reperfusion 24 hours group, erigeron + cerebral ischemia group, erigeron + cerebral ischemia reperfusion 1 hour group, erigeron + cerebral ischemia reperfusion 12 hours group, and erigeron + cerebral ischemia reperfusion 24 hours group,with 10 gerbils in each. The erigeron injection with flavone 4.5 g/mL was made by the Biomedicine Factory of Yunnan Province and numbered 990103.METHODS: Apart from the sham operated group, all groups were established the ischemia reperfusion models. The erigeron groups were abdominally injected erigeron 10 mL/kg 30 minutes before the ischemia. Meanwhile, the other groups were injected the normal saline 10 mL/kg. The 6 gerbils of each group were taken blood for testing ATP content and ATPase activity and the rest 4 were only examined the pathological changes of neurocytes of hippocampus CA1 region. During the ischemia, the temperature of drum membrane (reflecting the brain temperature) was monitored and kept at (37±0.2)℃ in order to avoid the influence of temperature on the result. The comparison among groups was shown with the single factor analysis of variance.CA1 region.of ATP content and ATPase activity: Compared with the cerebral ischemia reperfusion 24 hours group, the ATP content of the erigeron 1, 12, 24 hours groups was obviously increased [(0.25 ±0.08), (0.81 ±0.12), (0.58 ±0.07),(0.43±0.09) mmol/kg, P ＜ 0.01], the Na+-K+-ATPase activity was obviously P ＜ 0.01], and the Ca2+-ATPase activity was also obviously promoted days after ischemia, the findings under the low power lens were: the pyramidal belt of the cerebral ischemia reperfusion groups became thinner and loose and even disappeared, but that of the erigeron groups became obviously wider and thicker; the findings under the high power lens were: most of the pyramidal cells of the cerebral ischemia reperfusion groups were in the state of coagulation necrosis, and those survived pyramidal cells with complete nuclear membrane and clear nucleole were very few, but the survived pyramidal cells of the erigeron groups were obviously more than those of the cerebral ischemia reperfusion groups.CONCLUSION: Erigeron increases obviously the ATP content after ischemia reperfusion, especially at the early stage of reperfusion, and at the same time, the ATPase activity is also in an improved tendency, relieving the ischemia reperfusion injury and protecting the neurocytes.

Objective To evaluate cytotoxic effects of cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK cells) transfected with the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene on malignant melanoma cells.Methods Mouse spleen cells were extracted,lymphocyte cells were separated,and CIK cells were prepared from these lymphocyte cells.PEGF-N1 plasmids containing IL-2 gene (PEGF-NI-IL-2) were transfected into CIK cells.Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe transfection products,and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to determine the IL-2 mRNA expression.Then,effector cells such as CIK cells and IL-2-transfected CIK cells were separately co-cultured with target cells (B16 melanoma cells) at effector-target ratios of 10∶ 1,20∶1 and 40∶1,then 4-hour lactate dehydrogenase release assay was performed to evaluate cytotoxic effects of the two kinds of CIK cells on B 16 cells.After effector cells were cocultured with target cells at the effector-target ratio of 40∶1 for 48 hours,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect levels of IL-2,interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatant of the two kinds of CIK cells.Finally,mouse models of melanoma were established,and a total of 28 melanoma-bearing mice were divided into 4 groups to be peritumorally injected with 0.2 ml sodium chloride physiological solution (control group),100 IU IL-2 solution (IL-2 group),CIK cell suspension at a cell density of 1 × 106 cells per milliliter (CIK group) and IL-2-transfected CIK cell suspension at a cell density of 1 × 106 cells per milliliter (IL-2-transfected CIK group) respectively.Tumor morphology,tumor inhibition rate and cell apoptosis rate were used to evaluate tumor growth in the above groups.If data were normally distributed,t-test was used for comparing means between two groups,and analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD)-t test were used for comparing means among multiple groups.Results Fluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR both showed that IL-2 was successfully transfected into CIK cells.The cytotoxic effect of IL-2-transfected CIK cells on B16 cells was strongest at the effector-target ratio of 40:1.Levels of IL-2,IFN-γ and TNF-α were also significantly higher in the supernatant of IL-2-transfected CIK cells [(1107.26 ± 6.49) pg/ml,(50.01 ± 3.35) pg/ml,(39.86 ± 3.25) pg/ml] than those in that of CIK cells [(51.09 ± 3.85) pg/ml,(32.71 ± 2.43) pg/ml,(30.11 ± 3.08) pg/ml,t =442.60,14.93,6.89,all P ＜ 0.01].Animal experiments showed that the tumor volume obviously increased in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),but significantly decreased in the IL-2 group,CIK group and IL-2-transfected CIK group (all P ＜ 0.001) after intervention compared with those before intervention.Furthermore,the tumor volume in the IL-2-transfected CIK group was significantly less than that in the other three groups (all P ＜ 0.01),but no significant difference was observed between the IL-2 group and CIK group (P ＞ 0.05).In addition,the apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the IL-2 group,CIK group,and IL-2-transfeeted CIK group than that in the control group (all P ＜ 0.01).The apoptosis rate and tumor inhibition rate were significantly higher in the IL-2-transfected CIK group than those in the IL-2 group and CIK group (all P ＜ 0.01),but insignificantly different between the IL-2 group and CIK group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion IL-2-transfected CIK cells had stronger killing effects on malignant melanoma.