Objective To evaluate the effects of pulsed ultrasound at different intensities on the healing of standardized contusions in an animal model. Methods Forty-eight 3-month-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were given experimental contusions of the right gastrocnemius muscle before being divided into four groups randomly ( n =12 in each group): (1) a muscle injury control group (muscle injury without treatment); (2) a muscle injury and pulsed ultrasound (0.25 W/cm2 ) group; (3) a muscle injury and pulsed ultrasound ( 0.5W/cm2 ) group; and (4)a muscle injury and pulsed ultrasound ( 0.75 W/cm2 ) group. Pulsed ultrasound treatment ( frequency 3 mega Hz)was started 24 hours post injury and delivered 5 min daily for 14 days on the injured right hindlimb. At days 4, 7 and 14 after injury, muscle samples were analyzed through hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for the detection of muscle satellite cells and desmin. Results The average optical density (IOD) of desmin-positive mononucleated cells had increased significantly at days 4, 7 and 14 post injury in the treatment groups compared to the control group, but with no statistically significant difference among the 3 ultrasound treatment groups. Conclusions The pulsed ultrasound treatment played a beneficial role in skeletal muscle regeneration after contusion. There was no significant dose-dependent effect over the intensity range of 0.25-0.75 W/cm2.

Objective To study and the succession of sarcosaphagous insects and their regular activity on carcass in Xinxiang area. Methods Six rats and five rabbits were sacrificed and placed at the remote grassland of Xinxiang Medical University in July 2015. The main insect species and the decomposition process were observed. The different decomposition stages and the community succession of insects were recorded. Results Seven main species could be identified belonging to 3 families from Diptera, main including Musca domestica, Chrysomya megacephala, Lucilia sericata, Boettcherisca peregrina, Helicophagella melanura. Muscina stabulans and Fannia prisca. And showed regulations of the succession of sarcosaphagous flies community. Conclusion It may be used for estimating postmortem interval in Xinxiang area.

Objective To survey the knowledge of the Urumqi population in Xinjiang on the awareness and the protection of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.Methods Three hundred and twentyfour subjects from Urumqi were investigated with a questionnaire about the basic knowledge of UV,the UV protection methods,the awareness and application of sunscreens,and the channels through which they acquired the knowledge.Results A total of 324 subjects completed the questionnaire.Only 78.0％ knew the harmful effects of UV,62.0％ of them knew that UV could lead to skin photo-aging,and 54.9％ knew that UV irradiation could cause skin cancer.Sunscreens were the main choice for UV protection (58.0％).Regarding sunscreens,38.3％ subjects knew the meaning of SPF,and only a small percentage of subjects (17.3％) were aware of the meaning of PA.About 25.3％ of subjects applied sunscreens every day,43.2％ used sunscreens sometimes,and 18.5％ did not use it at all.The main factor of choosing sunscreens was brand popularity and the main information sources to get the knowledge of UV and UV protection were TV advertisements.Conclusions This study shows that the knowledge of UV and UV protection of the Urumqi population is acceptable,but the protections are insufficient,which should be strengthened and guided through dermatologists and multiple media.

Objective To detect mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody in children having the upper respiratory tract infection.And then investigate mycoplasma pneumoniae infection status of different season different age children.Methods In 5 403 cases of suspected pneumonia mycoplasma infection of 0 to 14 years old children using the method of passive particle agglutination determination of mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody,and analysis of the statistical results.Results The positive rate was 67.8％ in the groups of children.The rates of infection was biggest during 2 to 3 years old children and 3-4 years old children,14.9％ and 18.4％,respectively.In addition,we found that the highest rate of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection arised from October to January every year of the following year.Conclusion The infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae is on the rise,and children aged 0 to 6 years old are the main population.

Objective To investigate the correlation between interleukin 10(IL‐10) ,tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) and serum CD4+ T‐lymphocytes cell in people who infected HIV .Methods The HIV antibody screening test ,IL‐10 and TNF‐αmeasurement adopted enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay(ELISA) .The HIV antibody confirm test adopted western blot(WB) and CD4+ cell count determination used flow cytometry .Results Compared with the normal control group(NC group) ,the concentration of TNF‐αand IL‐10 in patients group have statistically significant difference(P<0 .05) .Moreover ,the extent of the increase in group A(pa‐tients with the CD4+ T cell count less than 3 .5 × 105 cells/mL) was higher than that in group B(patients with the CD4+ T cell count no less than 3 .5 × 105 cells/mL) .Conclusion Due to the defect of the immune system ,the serum concentration of TNF‐αand IL‐10 in people infected with HIV would increased ,and the increase of the concentration could be more significant in patients whose CD4+cell count obviously decrease .This study have shown that dynamic measurement of TNF‐α and IL‐10 concentration would provide data to konw the patients′immune status and illness development .

The popularization of medical insurance in Panama has been basically completed. The coverage of health insurance is high, but with the problem of polarization. The major causes of death in Panama are is chemic heart disease, stroke, AD and diabetes. In recent years, the chronic kidney disease and COPD are increasing significantly. Panamanian native medicine, considered as complementary and alternative medicine, is recognized by local laws and usedby most of indigenous groups and rural people. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Panama is at the starting stage, and there is no relevant legislation. However, this country attaches great importance to indigenous traditional medicine, and more and more people gradually accept it. TCM has great development potential in this country. It is suggested to promote the development of TCM in Panama. By culture as the pathway, exploring various forms of cooperation and exchange, taking the research and development of traditional herbal medicine as the breakthrough point, and increasing the spead of acupuncture usage, etc.

Objective To understand the needs to reform curriculum for the graduate students in health management, and to provide evidence for the reform of the curriculum system. Methods From Jan-uary 2015 to May from China's colleges and universities carrying out health management professional post-graduate education, graduate students and supervisors from 3 universities were selected, and self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate their views on training objectives, abilities and curriculum settings, as well as the needs and suggestions for curriculum reform. The questionnaire survey data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results 120 questionnaires were issued and 100 were recovered in the study, with a recovery rate of 83.3％. 84.0％ of the graduate students did not manage relevant work experience before entering the school. The graduate students thought that we should focus on the research and teaching ability training related to the management of health services, and then the cultivation of management ability. There were 60 questionnaires for instructors, and 51 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 85.0％. With regard to the demand for ability training , teachers and graduate students tended to agree on the goal and focus of the training. 100.0％instructors believed that learning was an important course, only 11.2％ of the students thought that the course of study was not important, but to the current status of health manage-ment professional postgraduate courses, 79.3％ instructors believed that the current curriculum was reasonable, and only 53.5％of the students thought it reasonable. Conclusion The emphasis should be given to optimizing the course setting, adding practical and innovative courses, and strengthening the training of scientific research, etc., which is the only way to improve the quality of health management postgraduate education and meet the needs of health development.

Objective To investigate the establishment of focal cerebral ischemia model in rabbits with the improved suture method.Methods A total of 45 healthy and clean adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into either a sham operation group (n =5) or a model group (n =40) using random number table method before modeling,and the sex was not limited.The self-made head ends of 2-0 fishing lines dipped in paraffin were used as the sutures.The external carotid artery was cut and inserted into a intracranial artery through the internal carotid artery and blocked the origin of middle cerebral artery.The neurological function score was performed after 6 h.The neurological deficit scores ≥2 was successful modeling.The rabbits were killed by anesthesia.The brain slices were stained with 2％ 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride solution.The infarct foci were observed.The diameters of suture head and the depth of suture insertion were compared in the model rabbits with successful modeling,failure,and death in the model group.Results There were 40 rabbits in the model group,six of them died,including 4 died of subarachnoid hemorrhage within 4 h after operation,and 2 died from anesthetic accident.The mortality rate was 15.0％.Seven rabbits failed,mainly because of cerebral vasospasm and the insertion depth of suture was insufficient.Twenty-seven had successful modeling,and the success rate was 67.5％.All the rabbits in the sham operation group survived.The diameter of the suture head and insertion depth in the successful modeling rabbits were compared with the death and failure outcome in rabbits.The difference was statistically significant (diameter:0.52 ± 0.14 mm vs.0.45 ±0.40 mm and 0.58 ±0.17 mm;depth:5.49 ±0.17 cm vs.6.04 ± 0.11 cm and 4.26 ±0.30 cm;all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The improved suture method can successfully prepare the focal cerebral ischemia model of middle cerebral artery in rabbits.The method is simple.Its repeatability and practicability are better.

Objective:To establish an in vitro capsular bag model and compare the inhibitory effects of different 360° square-edge intraocular lens (IOL) on lens epithelial cells (LECs) migration. Methods:In vitro capsular bag model with posterior capsule opacification (PCO) was established using Transwell compartment, cell climbing slices, human collagen type Ⅳ, and IOL.The models were divided into Plate-loop HydroSmart group, C-loop HydroSmart group, and C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group according to the different square-edge IOL implanted.A blank control group was set using the Transwell compartment without IOL.The early PCO pathological manifestations in lens epithelial cell line SRA01/04 cultured in the Transwell compartment were observed with an inverted microscope.The cell morphology in different groups was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The cell counting and cell migration inhibition rate of anterior capsule and posterior capsule were calculated by Transwell assay and cell-exclusion zone assay, respectively. Results:The early pathological characteristics of PCO, such as early Soemmering ring and small Elschnig pearl, could be found in cells in the in vitro capsular bag model after 48-hour culture.The migrating cells in model groups were fibrous.No changes mentioned above were found in blank control group.The number of migrating cells in the anterior capsule of Plate-loop HydroSmart group, C-loop HydroSmart group, C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group was 18.80±5.53, 24.67±9.80, and 34.47±10.80, respectively, and the number of migrating cells in the optical area of the posterior capsule of the three groups was 56.43±9.00, 162.20±16.38, and 121.30±12.01, respectively.The cell migration inhibition rate in the anterior capsule of Plate-loop HydroSmart group, C-loop HydroSmart group, C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group was (92.02±1.94)%, (89.76±3.10)%, (86.27±4.54)%, respectively, and the cell migration inhibition rate in optical area of the posterior capsule of the three groups was (91.60±3.65)%, (70.14±5.35)%, (78.43±3.48)%, respectively.The number of migrating cells in the anterior capsule was lower and the cell migration rate inhibition was higher in Plate-loop HydroSmart group than C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group, with significant differences (both at P<0.05). The number of migrating cells in the optical area of the posterior capsule and the cell migration inhibition rate was greater than those of C-loop HydroSmart group and C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). Conclusions:The in vitro capsular bag model can be used in PCO research.Compared with C-loop HydroSmart IOL and C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic IOL, Plate-loop HydroSmart IOL can more effectively inhibit the migration of LECs to the optical area of the posterior capsule.

Shengmai formula,composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Ophiopogon Radix and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus,is a classic and famous formula.It is a representative formula for"supplementing qi,nourishing yin,and generating fluid"in Traditional Chinese Medicine theory.To date,a wide range of Shengmai formulae have been developed according to different medical applications,but the quality evaluation standards are at a relatively low level,and most of them only specify the individual components of a single herb,making it difficult to ensure clinical efficacy and safety.At the same time,the physical and chemical identification methods of Shengmai formula have been constantly updated,allowing for greater progress in research on its main chemical components such as saponins,lignans and flavonoids.However,there is little systematic summarization of the chemical components and analytical methods.Based on the existing references,we systematically summarized ginsenosides,ophiopogonins,schisandra lignans,homoisoflavonoids and some other compounds in this paper,as well as the quality standards of Shengmai formulae and their analytical methods in order to aid clinical research and formulation manufacture.