AIM: To synthesize a number of novel heterocyclic compounds and screen for their biological activities. Sixteen title compounds were prepared. METHODS: These novel compounds were prepared by the reaction of 3-aryl/aryloxymethyl-4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles with aryl carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1HNMR and MS. The reaction conditions for the synthesis had been investigated. All the compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against bacteria S.aureus, E.coli and B.subilis. The concentration of the test compounds was 0.002%. The antibacterial activities of the test compounds were compared with those of penicillin and gentamicin. RESULTS: The results display that some of them possess strong biological activities.CONCLUSION: Syntheses of these novel heterocyclic compounds and study on their biological activities are very important and valuable in medicine.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical features of patients with gallbladder cancer from 17 hospitals in 5 Northwestern provinces (autonomous region) of China from 2009 to 2013.

METHODSA total of 2 379 cases with gallbladder cancer in 17 tertiary hospitals from 5 Northwestern provinces of China from January 2009 to December 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical data was collected by standardized "Questionnaire for Clinical Survey of Gallbladder Cancer in Northwestern Area of China". χ² test was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS(1) Gallbladder cancer from 17 hospitals accounted for 1.6%-6.8% of all bile tract diseases from 2009 to 2013 in Northwestern China, average was 2.7%. Gallbladder cancer accounted for 0.4%-0.9% of abdominal surgery, average was 0.7%. (2) The incidence of gallbladder cancer was higher in the aged females, the ration of female to male was 1.0 to 2.1. The average age of gallbladder cancer was (64 ± 11) years. The occupation of patients was mainly farmers (χ² = 147.10, P < 0.01). (3) 57.2% of the gallbladder cancers were associated with gallstones. (4) The main pathological patterns of gallbladder cancer were moderate and poor differentiated adenocarcinoma, showing an aggressive malignancy. TNM stage IV accounted for 55.1% of all cases, which was associated with the poor prognosis. (5) The curative resection rate was 30.4%.

CONCLUSIONSGallbladder cancer is common in the aged females and mainly at advanced stage. The screening and follow-up of high-risk groups with ultrasound and other methods regularly could increase the early diagnosis rate of gallbladder cancer, aggressive surgical resection combined with other comprehensive treatment could improve the prognosis of patients.

Adenocarcinoma ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Gallstones ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To explore the relationship between insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism related molecules and colorectal polyps.Methods:A total of 262 healthy people who underwent colonoscopy in Shandong cancer hospital from June 2019 to September 2020 were selected. The levels of serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), insulin like growth factor (IGF-1), fasting blood glucose and fasting blood insulin were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated, and the influencing factors of occurrence, pathological type, size and number of polyps were analyzed.Results:Among 262 cases, 116 cases were polyp free, 113 cases were adenomatous polyp and 33 cases were inflammatory polyp. HOMA-IR, VCAM-1 and FGF19 in polyp group were 2.904±1.754, (334.415±139.573) ng/ml and (135.865±98.470) pg/ml, respectively, which were higher than 2.369±1.306, (302.480±99.946) ng/ml and(110.694±76.044) ng/ml in non-polyp group, respectively ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the gender ( OR=4.269, 95% CI: 1.963-9.405) and FGF19 (77.0-131.4 pg/ml: OR=2.385, 95% CI: 1.155-4.926) were independent factors of colorectal polyps. The gender ( OR=3.799, 95% CI: 1.650-8.748) and FGF19 (77.0-131.4 pg/ml: OR=2.290, 95% CI: 1.072-4.891) were independent factors of colorectal adenomatous polyps. The gender( OR=6.725, 95% CI: 1.853-24.410) and fasting plasma glucose (≥6.5 mmol/L: OR=0.047, 95% CI: 0.009-0.245) were independent factors of colorectal inflammatory polyps. The gender ( OR=3.539, 95% CI: 1.293-9.689) was an independent factor for the occurrence of single polyp. The gender ( OR=5.063, 95% CI: 2.048-12.515), FGF19 (77.0-131.4 pg/ml: OR=2.502, 95% CI: 1.102-5.681), fasting plasma glucose (≥6.5 mmol/L: OR=0.282, 95% CI: 0.095-0.839) were independent factors of multiple polyps. The gender ( OR=3.416, 95% CI: 1.134-10.289) and fasting insulin (≥9.4 μU/ml: OR=9.480, 95% CI: 1.485-60.521) were independent risk factors for colorectal polyps<0.5 cm. The gender ( OR=3.151, 95% CI: 1.244-7.984) and fasting plasma glucose (≥6.5 mmol/L: OR=0.310, 95% CI: 0.102-0.941) were independent risk factors for colorectal polyps with the size of 0.5-0.9 cm. The gender ( OR=22.649, 95% CI: 4.154-123.485), age (55 to 64 years old: OR=4.473, 95% CI: 1.070-18.704; ≥65 years old: OR=5.815, 95% CI: 1.300-26.009), BMI (≥28 kg/m 2: OR=5.310, 95% CI: 1.224-23.032) and FGF19 (77.0-131.4 pg/ml: OR=7.474, 95% CI: 1.903-29.351) were independent factors for colorectal polyps with size ≥ 1.0 cm. Gender stratification analysis showed that FGF19 was an independent factor for the occurrence of male polyps (77.0-131.4 pg/ml: OR=6.109, 95% CI: 1.688-22.104) and adenomas (77.0-131.4 pg/ml: OR=6.401, 95% CI: 1.717-23.864). The age (55 to 64 years old: OR=3.783, 95% CI: 1.052-13.611) and VCAM-1 (≥352.8 ng/ml: OR=4.341, 95% CI: 1.142-16.493) were independent risk factors of female polyps. The age (55 to 64 years old: OR=5.743, 95% CI: 1.205-27.362, ≥65 years old: OR=6.885, 95% CI: 1.143-41.467), VCAM-1 (≥352.8 ng/ml: OR=6.313, 95% CI: 1.415-28.159) and IGF-1 (≥7.6 ng/ml: OR=5.621, 95% CI: 1.069-29.543) were independent factors of female adenoma. Conclusions:The occurrences of colorectal polyps and adenomatous polyps are related to insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolism. Serum FGF19 is an independent influencing factor for the occurrence of colorectal polyps and adenomatous polyps, and is a potential serological diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for colorectal polyps and adenomatous polyps.

Objective:To explore the relationship between insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism related molecules and colorectal polyps.Methods:A total of 262 healthy people who underwent colonoscopy in Shandong cancer hospital from June 2019 to September 2020 were selected. The levels of serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), insulin like growth factor (IGF-1), fasting blood glucose and fasting blood insulin were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated, and the influencing factors of occurrence, pathological type, size and number of polyps were analyzed.Results:Among 262 cases, 116 cases were polyp free, 113 cases were adenomatous polyp and 33 cases were inflammatory polyp. HOMA-IR, VCAM-1 and FGF19 in polyp group were 2.904±1.754, (334.415±139.573) ng/ml and (135.865±98.470) pg/ml, respectively, which were higher than 2.369±1.306, (302.480±99.946) ng/ml and(110.694±76.044) ng/ml in non-polyp group, respectively ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the gender ( OR=4.269, 95% CI: 1.963-9.405) and FGF19 (77.0-131.4 pg/ml: OR=2.385, 95% CI: 1.155-4.926) were independent factors of colorectal polyps. The gender ( OR=3.799, 95% CI: 1.650-8.748) and FGF19 (77.0-131.4 pg/ml: OR=2.290, 95% CI: 1.072-4.891) were independent factors of colorectal adenomatous polyps. The gender( OR=6.725, 95% CI: 1.853-24.410) and fasting plasma glucose (≥6.5 mmol/L: OR=0.047, 95% CI: 0.009-0.245) were independent factors of colorectal inflammatory polyps. The gender ( OR=3.539, 95% CI: 1.293-9.689) was an independent factor for the occurrence of single polyp. The gender ( OR=5.063, 95% CI: 2.048-12.515), FGF19 (77.0-131.4 pg/ml: OR=2.502, 95% CI: 1.102-5.681), fasting plasma glucose (≥6.5 mmol/L: OR=0.282, 95% CI: 0.095-0.839) were independent factors of multiple polyps. The gender ( OR=3.416, 95% CI: 1.134-10.289) and fasting insulin (≥9.4 μU/ml: OR=9.480, 95% CI: 1.485-60.521) were independent risk factors for colorectal polyps<0.5 cm. The gender ( OR=3.151, 95% CI: 1.244-7.984) and fasting plasma glucose (≥6.5 mmol/L: OR=0.310, 95% CI: 0.102-0.941) were independent risk factors for colorectal polyps with the size of 0.5-0.9 cm. The gender ( OR=22.649, 95% CI: 4.154-123.485), age (55 to 64 years old: OR=4.473, 95% CI: 1.070-18.704; ≥65 years old: OR=5.815, 95% CI: 1.300-26.009), BMI (≥28 kg/m 2: OR=5.310, 95% CI: 1.224-23.032) and FGF19 (77.0-131.4 pg/ml: OR=7.474, 95% CI: 1.903-29.351) were independent factors for colorectal polyps with size ≥ 1.0 cm. Gender stratification analysis showed that FGF19 was an independent factor for the occurrence of male polyps (77.0-131.4 pg/ml: OR=6.109, 95% CI: 1.688-22.104) and adenomas (77.0-131.4 pg/ml: OR=6.401, 95% CI: 1.717-23.864). The age (55 to 64 years old: OR=3.783, 95% CI: 1.052-13.611) and VCAM-1 (≥352.8 ng/ml: OR=4.341, 95% CI: 1.142-16.493) were independent risk factors of female polyps. The age (55 to 64 years old: OR=5.743, 95% CI: 1.205-27.362, ≥65 years old: OR=6.885, 95% CI: 1.143-41.467), VCAM-1 (≥352.8 ng/ml: OR=6.313, 95% CI: 1.415-28.159) and IGF-1 (≥7.6 ng/ml: OR=5.621, 95% CI: 1.069-29.543) were independent factors of female adenoma. Conclusions:The occurrences of colorectal polyps and adenomatous polyps are related to insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolism. Serum FGF19 is an independent influencing factor for the occurrence of colorectal polyps and adenomatous polyps, and is a potential serological diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for colorectal polyps and adenomatous polyps.

OBJECTIVE：To study general chara cteristics and medication of medical damage liability disputes cases caused by medication error ， and to provide references for related departments and medical staff for preventing and reducing medication-induced medical disputes. METHODS ：A total of 240 cases of medical damage liability disputes cases caused by medication error were collected from Peking University ’s Fabao Law Database during Jan. 2001 to Feb. 2020，and analyzed in terms of general situation ，damage outcome ，level of the hospital involved ，liability judgment and compensation ，types of medication error and drug types. RESULTS ：medication-related medical damage liability disputes accounted for 25.3％ of overall medical damage disputes ；the most damage result of patients was death （68.3％）；medical negligence forensic appraisal was conducted as the main appraisal pattern with a proportion of 57.9％；the average case compensation was 203，000 yuan；the hospitals involved were mainly tertiary hospitals （48.8％）；the main type of medication error involved was prescription error ； chemical medicine was mainly involved ，of which the top three categories were systemic antibacterial ，systemic corticosteroids and antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS ：ADR caused by medication errors are the common causes of medical disputes. Medical institutions should focus on improving the relevant systems and processes ，strengthen the construction of pharmaceutical information and automation system ，and reduce the probability of medication errors ；at the same time ，great importance should be paid to the cultivation of pharmaceutical talents in hospital ，give full play to the role of pharmacists ，and strengthen the monitoring and intervention of medication errors. Finally ，the relevant national judicial departments should constantly improve the settlement mechanism of medical damage liability disputes to provide reasonable protection for both doctors and patients.