BACKGROUND:The clinical research have found that the interbervebral disc herniation often occurs in several members or even al the members of a family, and the location, reason and symptom are basical y the same, indicating that genes play an important role in this kind of disease. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the apoptosis Fas gene expression characteristics of lumbar disc in the familial patients with intervertebral disc herniation. METHODS:Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to test Fas gene expression of vertebral pulp and cartilage endplate in the intervertebral disc among 15 familial patients, 21 ordinary patients and five fresh cadavers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Fas gene expression level of endplate of familial and ordinary patients with intervertebral disc herniation was higher than that of fresh cadavers, and there was no significant difference (P<0.05);there was no significant difference in Fas gene expression in endplates between familial patients and ordinary patients with intervertebral disc herniation (P>0.05). Compared with the vertebral pulps of ordinary patients with intervertebral disc herniation and fresh cadavers, there was no significant difference in the Fas expression of vertebral pulps of familial patients with intervertebral disc herniation (P>0.05). The increasing Fas gene expression may be secondary in the endplates of familial patients with intervertebral disc herniation, which can prevent intervertebral disc degeneration through preventing the endplate degeneration.

Objective To discuss the differences between hemiarthroplaty and dynamic hip screws (DHS) by comparing their effect in treatment of osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fractures. Methods A retrospective study was done on 86 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures treated by hemiarthroplasty and dynamic hip screws respectively. After a follow-up for six months, the operation duration time, loss of ambulatory grades and prosthesis loosing were compared between two groups. Re-suits Operation was lasted for hmgcr time in DHS group, with significant difference between two groups. Loosening rate varied with different degree of osteoporosis in high-, moderate- and low-risk groups but not in hemiarthroplaty group. Internal fixators penetrating cortical bone occurred in DHS group, with inci-dence rate of 51.2%. On the contrary, no evidence proved loosening of prosthesis in hemiarthroplaty group. Conclusion For osteoporosis patients with intertrochanteric fracture, the hemiarthroplaty is a reasonable alternative to DHS device, for it can help obtain earlier and better functional recovery and less postoperative complication.

Objective:To investigate the expression of miR-203a in bladder cancer (BC) cell lines (RT-112, T24, 5637, UM-UC-3) and evaluate the effects on BC cell proliferation and radiosensitivity.Methods:Mir-203a mimics, mir-203a inhibitor, CDK6 siRNA, CDK6 expression plasmid and corresponding negative controls were transfected into BC cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-203a in BC cell lines and human bladder epithelial immortalized cell line (SV-HUC-1). CCK8 assay was used to investigate the regulation of miR-203a and cyclin-dependent kinases 6(CDK6) on the proliferation of BC cells. Colony formation assay was performed to assess the effect of miR-203a and CDK6 on the radiosensitivity of BC cells. The target gene of miR-203a was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. The effect of miR-203a on CDK6 protein expression was detected by Western blot. Multi-group comparison was performed by one-way ANOVA and two-group comparison was conducted by t-test. Results:Compared with the SV-HUC-1 cells, the expression levels of miR-203a in RT-112, T24, 5637 and UM-UC-3 cells were significantly down-regulated (all P<0.05). Compared with NC group, overexpression of miR-203a significantly inhibited the proliferation of BC cells, whereas knockdown of miR-203a significantly promoted the proliferation of BC cells (both P<0.05). Compared with NC group, overexpression of miR-203a significantly increased the sensitivity of BC cells to radiotherapy, whereas knockdown of miR-203a significantly weakened the sensitivity of BC cells to radiotherapy (both P<0.05). CDK6 was the target of miR-203a. Compared with NC group, overexpression of miR-203a significantly down-regulated the expression level of CDK6 protein, whereas knockdown of miR-203a significantly up-regulated the expression level of CDK6 protein (both P<0.05). After overexpression of CDK6 in T24 and UM-UC-3 cells transfected with miR-203a mimics, the cell proliferation ability was significantly increased, whereas the sensitivity to radiotherapy was significantly decreased compared with mir-203a mimics (both P<0.05). After CDK6 was silenced in RT-112 and 5637 cells transfected with miR-203a inhibitor, the proliferation ability of cells was significantly decreased, whereas the sensitivity to radiotherapy was remarkably increased compared with miR-203a inhibitor group (both P<0.05). Conclusion:miR-203a can serves as a tumor suppressor gene to inhibit the proliferation of BC cells and enhance the radiosensitivity of BC cells.

Objective To compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at different acupoints on the neuroethology and expression of neurocan after focal cerebral infarction in rats. Methods The healthy male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=5), model group (n=20), Shuigou-Baihui (SB) group (n=20), Ganshu-Shenshu (GS) group (n=20) and Zusanli-Quchi (ZQ) group.All the rats were modeled with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) except sham group, and were randomly divided into 5 sub-groups as 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after cerebral ischemia. Their neuroethology was evaluated with Longa's score, and the expressions of neurocan mRNA and protein were detected with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in ischemic cortex. Results No dysfunction was found in the sham group. The neurological function recovered gradually 3 d after modeled, and improved significantly 7~21 d after modeled in each EA group compared with those in the model group (P<0.05). The expression of neurocan mRNA and protein gradually increased 1 d after modeled in the model group, peaked 14 d after modeled, and remained high level 21 d after modeled (P<0.01). The expressions of neurocan mRNA and protein were less in each EA group than in the model group 3 d after modeled (P<0.05), and were less in the SB group and GS group than in ZQ group (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of neurocan increased significantly in ischemic cortex. EA may down-regulate the expression of neurocan after acute cerebral infarction, and improve the neuroethology. EA at SB and GS is more effective than at ZQ.

AIM: To explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of promoter G~ -597 -A, G~ -572 -C, G~ -174 -C and T~ 15 -A, C~ 132 -T in exon 5 of interleukin 6 and lumbar intervebral disc disease. METHODS: The single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin 6 gene, including polymorphisms of G~ -597 -A, G~ -572 -C in promoter, G~ -174 -C and T~ 15 -A, C~ 132 -T in exon 5 were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods in 81 cases with lumbar intervebral disc disease and 101 healthy controls. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin 6 gene with lumbar intervebral disc disease in two groups was measured. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin 6 gene with lumbar intervebral disc degeneration in those younger than 45-year-old were also measured. RESULTS: The G~ -572 -C polymorphism of interleukin 6 gene was observed, but no single nucleotide polymorphism of G~ -597 -A, G~ -174 -C in promoter and T~ 15 -A, C~ 132 -T in exon 5 in two groups was detected. There was no difference between the distribution of the G~ -572 -C polymorphism of interleukin 6 gene in two groups. In those younger than 45-year-old the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism of interlukin-6 gene and lumbar intervebral disc degeneration was not significant. CONCLUSION: There is G~ -572 -C polymorphism in Chinese. No relation between G~ -572 -C polymorphism of interleukin 6 with lumbar intervebral disc disease and lumbar intervebral disc degeneration was observed.

Objective To discuss the clinical application of reverse dorsal metatarsal artery perforator flap for reconstruction of forefoot soft tissue defects.Methods Since January,2008 to March,2016,43 patients with forefoot soft tissue defect due to various causes were reconstructed with the flap based on dorsal metatarsal artery perforator.Dorsal pedis was used as a donor site with dorsal metatarsal artery perforator as the donor artery.The flap size varied from 2.0 cm × 4.0 cm to 6.0 cm × 8.0 cm.Among them,27,8,4 and 4 cases were reconstructed with flap based on first,second,third and fourth dorsal metatarsal artery perforator flap respectively.Results All the patients were followed-up which ranged from 3 months to 24 months.Six flaps suffered from post operative venous congestion.Out of 6,4 survived with early emergency management while the remaining 2 suffered epidermal necrosis which survived with regular dressing change.Eventually,all the flaps survived.They had good texture and they were elastic,good-looking and very wear-resisting.Walking function was normal.Conclusion Reverse dorsal metatarsal artery perforator flap is an ideal choice in reconstruction of small to medium sized soft tissue defects of forefoot.

An innovative approach to quantitatively analyze the histamine and its precursor histidine simultaneously in biological matrices was established for the first time based on double adsorption combined with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).The internal standard was 2-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB).The plasma and brain tissue homogenate was protein precipitated with 3-fold acetonitrile, and the supernatant was then sampled for injection analysis.The chromatographic separation of the target components was achieved on an amino chromatography column (ODS-SPXBridge? Amide).Gradient elution was carried out with the mobile phase consisting of solvent A (0.1% formic acid and 1mmol/L ammonium formate in water) and solvent B (acetonitrile).Mass spectrometry was employed for quantitative analysis with ESI ion source in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.In order to improve the specificity and accuracy, activated carbon and calcite were used for the double adsorption of biological matrices for the first time.The adsorbed matrix was then used for methodology validation.The results showed that histamine and histidine were linear in the quantitative range (correlation coefficient r ≥ 0.999).Accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability all met the requirements of biological sample analysis.All results suggested that the present method could not only be efficiently and reliably used for simultaneous quantitative analysis of histamine and histidine in biological samples, but also provide reference for the detection of other endogenous substances.

Objective Even after successful surgical repair,patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) are at high risk of long-term morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular events,which is probably related to persistent arterial disfunction during long-terr follow-up after operation,The aim of the study was to explore the alterations of vascular structure and function in children with successfully repaired CoA in the short-and mid-term follow-up.Methods A cohort of 20 children who underwent CoA repair between January 2010 and October 2010 in Guangzhou women and children's Medical Center was studied.There were 14 males and 6 females in CoA group,which comprised 6 patients with isolated CoA,14 patients with CoA associated with intracardia anomalies,whose median age of operation was 4 months (rang from lmonth to 10.0 years).And 20 patients with isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) were included as VSD group during the same time,with 12 males and 8 females,whose median age of operation was 5 months (rang from 1 month to 12.0 years).Resting blood pressure,flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery,carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were compared in CoA group and VSD group,including preoperative media data and follow-up of 1 month,6 months and 1 year.In addition,as comparison to the operation group,20 health children with normal echocardiographic findings,whose median age was 5 months (rang from 3 month to 10.0 years),were selected as health group for the 1-year following up.None of them had obesity,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,metabolic diseases or systemic inflammatory disease.Results As a result of the datas before operation and those I month,6 months and 1 year after operation,all children were normotensive at rest.In the same period,Carotid IMT in CoA group[(0.47 ± 0.10)mm,(0.49 ±0.10) mm,(0.57 ±0.07)mm,(0.61 ± 0.07) mm]was significantly thicker than that in VSD group[(0.41 ±0.11) mm,(0.43 ±0.11)mm,(0.51 ±0.08) mm,(0.55 ±0.08) mm](P＜0.05) and health group[(0.40 ±0.09) mm,(0.42 ±0.11)mm,(0.50 ±0.08) mm,(0.57 ±0.08) mm](P ＜0.05),Brachial artery FMI in children with CoA[(5.4,6 ±1.51)％,(5.71 ±1.88)％,(5.42±1.69)％,(5.27±1.02)％]was significantly lower than that in the VSD control group[(6.69±1.45) ％,(6.66±1.21)％,(6.81 ±1.03)％,(6.43±1.34)％](P＜0.05) and health group[(6.59 ±1.84)％,(6.84±1.41)％,(6.91 ±1.31)％,(6.56±1.62)％](P＜0.05).Significant difference could not be found in neither the IMT nor the FMI between the VSI control group and health group in 4 period respectively,P ＞ 0.05.Conclusion Children after successful coarctation repair have abnomal structural and functional properties of the aorta above the place of coarctation even their blood pressure at rest is normal.These results confirm that the alterations in mechanical properties of carotid arteries as well as the generalized endothelial dysfunction in children with coarctation of the aorta are persistent,which can not be prevented or reversed by surgical repair,and which may partly explain the high incidence of cardiovascular disease observed in their adulthood and reduced life expectancy,furtherly supporting the claim that coartation of the aorta is a systemic vascular disorder which needs long-term follow-up of vascular function.

BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents are in the growth and development stage, so the use of the same reconstruction methods as adults is easy to induce complications including limb length differences, high graft failure rate and re-surgical intervention. Simultaneously, the occurrence of osteoarthritis will also be advanced. OBJECTIVE: To explore the anatomical characteristics of the anterior cruciate ligament between children, adolescents and adults on MRI, and to provide an anatomical basis for the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in children and adolescents. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing knee MRI examination in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from October 2016 to October 2018 was conducted. These patients were divided into child and adolescent group and adult group (n=48 per group). The angle between the anterior cruciate ligament and the tibia and femur on the sagittal plane and the position of the anterior cruciate ligament tibial insertion, the angle between the anterior cruciate ligament and the tibia on the coronal plane, the tibial insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament and femur, and the position of the femur stop point on the axial position were measured in both groups. The data obtained from the measurement of the anterior cruciate ligament of children and adolescents were processed. The growth curves of the shape and position of the anterior cruciate ligament of children and adolescents were drawn, and the law of its growth changes was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The angle between the sagittal plane of the anterior cruciate ligament and the femur (t=﹣2.906, P<0.05), the angle between the sagittal plane of the anterior cruciate ligament and the tibia (t=﹣10.280, P < 0.05), the anterior cruciate ligament angle between the coronal plane and the tibia (t=﹣5.714, P<0.05) were smaller in the child and adolescent group than those of the adult group, and the difference was significant. (2) The ratio of the tibia coronal plane of the anterior cruciate ligament (t=﹣7.263, P < 0.05) and the ratio of the anterior cruciate ligament and femur axial plane (t=﹣7.378, P < 0.05) were lower in the child and adolescent group than those of the adult group, and the difference was significant. (3) There was no significant difference in the anterior cruciate ligament and tibia sagittal plane ratio (t=﹣1.588, P>0.05) and anterior cruciate ligament and femoral coronal surface ratio (t=﹣1.647, P>0.05) between the child and adolescent group and the adult group. (4) The growth curve results showed that during the growth and development, the angle between the anterior cruciate ligament and the femur and tibia on the sagittal plane and the angle with the tibia on the coronal plane changed from small to large (P<0.05). The relative position of the tibial insertion in the coronal position changed from small to large, which indicates that during the growth and development, the tibial insertion moved from inside to outside relative to the inside of the tibial plateau on the coronal plane (P < 0.05). (5) The relative position of femoral insertion in the axial position changed from small to large, suggesting that during the growth and development, the femoral insertion moved from the outside to the inside relative to the lateral femoral condyle (P<0.05). (6) There was no significant difference in the tibial insertion and the femoral insertion between the child and adolescent group and adult group (P>0.05).

Improvements in prenatal and neonatal intensive care have raised the premature infants survival rate.Meanwhile,the incidence of premature brain injury is also increased.White matter iniury is one of the most common diseases of brain injury in premature infants and often leads to neurodevelopment delays and cognitive impairment.Early diagnosis and treatment of brain injury in preterm infants are important to improve their quality of life.Recent studies have shown that early detection of brain injure is benefited from some monitoring methods,including the electrophysiology,imaging,biochemical markers and cerebral oxygen metabolism of premature infants.