Objective To compare the results of accumulation and continuation methods in indoor radon measurement. Methods The radon concentrations in 30 households in 7 provincial capital cities of China were simultaneously measured using both accumulation and continuation methods. Results The radon concentration measured by accumulation method in 30 households ranged from 21 to 323 Bq/m³, with a median M(P₂₅, P₇₅) of 70.5 (43.8, 111). The radon concentration measured by the continuation method ranged from 16.1 to 258 Bq/m³, with a median M(P₂₅, P₇₅) of 100 (51.3, 141). The average relative percent deviation between the two measurement methods was 41.8%. There were significant differences among the measurement results at 8, 16, and 24 h by the continuation method. Pairwise comparisons showed there were statistical diffferences between 8 h and 16 h, as well as between 8 h and 24h; however, no statistical significance was found (P < 0.05), between 16 h and 24 h. Conclusion The overall continuous measurement results of the 30 households were higher than those of cumulation method. The comparison between accumulation and continuation measurement results did not show a high level of correlation (r=0.49). The continuation method is significantly affected by environmental factors, and the length of the measurement period can affect the measurement results. The selection of indoor radon measurement methods should consider the purpose, sample size, and environmental conditions.

Mitochondria are the main site of energy metabolism within cells,generating a substantial amount of ATP to supply energy to the human body.Research has shown that alterations in mitochondrial structure and function exist in individuals with schizophrenia,suggesting their potential impact on the onset of psychiatric disorders and clinical treatment efficacy.Therefore,understanding the research progress on the genetic mechanisms,pathological processes,image manifestations of schizophrenia and mitochondrial quality control,and summarizing the relevant evidence of mitochondrial-related targets as potential therapeutic targets for schizophrenia,can provide references for further research.

Objective·To measure the parameters of the uterine artery,umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery in a rat model of preeclampsia(PE)by Doppler ultrasound,and compare the pathological changes in placental blood vessels and pregnancy outcomes,in order to provide an effective method and reference for evaluating placental function in PE animal models.Methods·PE(n=8)and normal pregnancy(NP,n=8)groups in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rat models were established by intraperitoneal injections of N'-nitro-L-arginine methylesterhydrochloride(L-NAME)and 0.9%sodium chloride solution.Blood pressure and proteinuria indexes were detected to evaluate whether the model was successfully established.On gestational day 19(GD19),Doppler ultrasound was utilized to measure the parameters of the uterine artery,umbilical artery and the fetal middle cerebral artery in both the PE and NP groups.After termination of the pregnancies,placental function was evaluated through the pathology of placental blood vessels and the quality of the fetuses and placentas.Results·In the PE group,both blood pressure(GD15:P=0.001;GD19:P=0.001)and proteinuria(GD15:P=0.001;GD19:P=0.001)were significantly higher than those in the NP group.The pulsatility index(PI)of the umbilical artery and uterine artery was notably elevated in the PE group compared to the NP group(both P=0.000).Furthermore,the resistance index(RI)of the fetal middle cerebral artery was significantly lower than that in the PE group(P=0.000).While the number of fetal rats did not differ significantly,the quality of placental and fetal rats was notably lower in the PE group(P=0.006 and P=0.000,respectively).Immunohistochemical staining of placental tissue revealed that the number of placental micro vessel densities in the PE group was less than that in the NP group(P=0.001).Correlation analysis revealed that placental micro vessel density,fetal quality and placental quality were inversely related with the RI of the umbilical artery and the PI and RI of the uterine artery,and positively correlated with the S/D,PI and RI of the fetal middle cerebral artery(all P<0.05).Conculsion·Doppler ultrasound assessment of the uterine artery,umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery indices in L-NAME-induced PE rat models effectively reflects pregnancy outcomes and placental vascular pathology.This method is valuable for evaluating placental vascular perfusion in PE rat models,offering practicality and convenience for research involving animal models.

Schizophrenia is a common chronic mental disorder.Cognitive dysfunction is one of its core symptoms,which severely affects the social functioning of patients.Currently,antipsychotic medication treatments have poor efficacy in improving cognitive functions.Recent studies have found that metformin can improve cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.However,the mechanism of action remains unclear.This review summarizes the therapeutic effects of metformin on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients such as improving insulin resistance,repairing neuronal damage,regulating neuroimmunity,and combating oxidative stress,thereby providing new insights for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Abstract Allergic diseases can occur in all systems of the body, covering the whole life cycle, from children to adults and to old age, can be lifelong onset and even fatal in severe cases. Children account for the largest proportion of the victims of allergic disease, Children s allergies start from scratch, ranging from mild to severe, from less to more, from single to multiple systems and systemic performance, so the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children is of great importance, which can not only prevent high risk allergic conditions from developing into allergic diseases, but also further block the process of allergy. At present, there is no consensus on the management system of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools. The "Consensus on Allergy Management and Prevention in Kindergartens and Primary Schools", which includes the organizational structure, system construction and management of allergic children, provides evidence informed recommendations for the long term comprehensive management of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools, and provides a basis for the establishment of the prevention system for allergic children.

Objective:To study the effects of Zuogui Pills on the expressions of miR-133b-3p and RhoA in osteoclasts of postmenopausal osteoporosis rats; To discuss its potential mechanism.Methods:SD female rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, sham-operation group, and Zuogui Pills group using a random number table method, with 6 rats in each group. The model group and Zuogui Pills group were treated with oophorectomy to construct a rat model of osteoporosis. Zuogui Pills group was orally administered with Zuogui Pills decoction at a concentration of 10 g/kg for 12 consecutive weeks. Colorimetric method was used to measure the serum calcium and phosphorus levels of rats, and ELISA method was used to detect ALP levels. Bone density meter was used to measure the bone density of the femurs of rats in each group. The osteoclast of each group were cultured, and the expressions of RANKL and RUNX2 protein were detected by Western blot. MiRNA sequencing and differential expression analysis were performed on bone tissues of rats. Osteoclasts were treated with miR-133b-3p mimic and its negative control. The cell proliferation activity of osteoclasts was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The osteoclast differentiation activity was detected by the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the relationship between miR-133b-3p and RhoA. The "rescue" experiment of miR-133b-3p mimic and RhoA co-expression were used to study the molecular regulatory mechanism of Zuogui Pills on osteoclast activity.Results:Compared with the model group, the bone mineral density of Zuogui Pills group significantly increased ( P<0.05, P<0.01), the levels of calcium and phosphorus in serum increased, the level of alkaline phosphatase ALP decreased ( P<0.05), the expression of RANKL protein decreased, and the expression of RUNX2 protein increased. Sequencing results showed that rno-miR-133b-3p was down-regulated in osteoclasts of postmenopausa osteoporosis rats treated with Zuogui Pills with the maximum difference ( P<0.01). Q-PCR results showed that the expression of miR-133b-3p in osteoclasts of Zuogui Pills group was significantly lower than that of the model group. The upregulation of miR-133b-3p could significantly promote the cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts. RhoA overexpression could reverse the excessive proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts caused by miR-133b-3p overexpression. Conclusions:RhoA is the target gene regulated by miR-133b-3p. Zuogui Pills can inhibit the activity of osteoclasts by regulating miR-133b-3p/RhoA axis, relieving the symptoms of osteoporosis.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, researchers have applied it to the diagnosis of various tumors in the urinary system in recent years, and have obtained many valuable research results. The article sorted the research status of artificial intelligence technology in the fields of renal tumors, bladder tumors and prostate tumors from three aspects: the number of papers, image data, and clinical tasks. The purpose is to summarize and analyze the research status and find new valuable research ideas in the future. The results show that the artificial intelligence model based on medical data such as digital imaging and pathological images is effective in completing basic diagnosis of urinary system tumors, image segmentation of tumor infiltration areas or specific organs, gene mutation prediction and prognostic effect prediction, but most of the models for the requirement of clinical application still need to be improved. On the one hand, it is necessary to further improve the detection, classification, segmentation and other performance of the core algorithm. On the other hand, it is necessary to integrate more standardized medical databases to effectively improve the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence models and make it play greater clinical value.
Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Technology

Objective:To identify the pathogenic gene of a pedigree with symphalangism and to prove the pathogenicity of this locus in vitro.Methods:The clinical data of patients’families were collected at Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, peripheral blood was collected and genomic DNA was extracted and NOG, FGF9, GDF5 exon regions were amplified by PCR, and the exon gene mutations were detected by first-generation sequencing technique. The structure of noggin-GDF5 protein complex was simulated in silicon. COS-7 cells were transfected with 5 μg empty plasmid, wild type plasmid and V202G mutant plasmid in vitro. Each group of plasmids was transfected into 3 well cells. The experiment was repeated for 3 times, and the expression of noggin protein was detected by Western blotting. C2C12 cells were also transfected with the above plasmids in vitro for osteogenic differentiation. By applying alkaline phosphatase staining and quantitative assay. Relative expression level of osteoblast-related genes Col1α1, ALP and Runx2 were detected by qRT-PCR. Each group of plasmids was transfected into 3 well cells, and the experiment was repeated for 3 times. All statistical analysis were performed by Prism 6 software. The result were shown as mean±standard deviation, and the comparison between groups was done by unpaired t-test. Data were considered statistically significant when P value is less than 0.05. Results:Both the proband and his mother suffered from symphalangism. The result of Sanger sequencing showed that there was a heterozygous missense mutation of NOG gene (p.V202G) in all patients in this pedigree. No disease-related mutations were detected in FGF9 and GDF5. Computer three-dimensional mechanism simulation showed that the site was located at the α helix. The result of Western blotting showed that the expression of mutant protein was significantly lower than that of wild type. Osteogenic differentiation in vitro showed that the inhibitory effect of V202G mutant protein on osteogenic differentiation decreased. The quantitative result of alkaline phosphatase staining showed that the alkaline phosphatase activity in the vector group was (12.3±0.8) U/L, and the alkaline phosphatase activity in the wild type plasmid group was (2.6±0.3) U/L, which was significantly lower than that in the vector group ( t=11.550, P<0.001). The alkaline phosphatase activity in the mutant plasmid group was (10.8±0.3) U/L. There was no significant difference between the mutant group and the vector group ( t=1.830, P=0.141). The mRNA expression level of osteogenesis-related genes was consistent with the above result . Compared with vector group, the expression of osteogenesis-related genes in wild-type noggin group decreased significantly ALP、 Col1α1 and Runx2 ( t=5.987, 4.498, 4.170; P=0.004, 0.011, 0.014). There was no significant difference between mutant plasmid group and blank vector group in ALP、 Col1α1 and Runx2 ( t=0.433, 0.177, 1.159; P=0.688, 0.868, 0.311). Conclusions:NOG gene c. 605T < G p. V202G is a novel mutation in symphalangism, which is located in the α helix of noggin protein, leading to the decrease of the expression of noggin protein and the manifestation of ankylosis.

Objective:To identify the pathogenic gene of a pedigree with symphalangism and to prove the pathogenicity of this locus in vitro.Methods:The clinical data of patients’families were collected at Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, peripheral blood was collected and genomic DNA was extracted and NOG, FGF9, GDF5 exon regions were amplified by PCR, and the exon gene mutations were detected by first-generation sequencing technique. The structure of noggin-GDF5 protein complex was simulated in silicon. COS-7 cells were transfected with 5 μg empty plasmid, wild type plasmid and V202G mutant plasmid in vitro. Each group of plasmids was transfected into 3 well cells. The experiment was repeated for 3 times, and the expression of noggin protein was detected by Western blotting. C2C12 cells were also transfected with the above plasmids in vitro for osteogenic differentiation. By applying alkaline phosphatase staining and quantitative assay. Relative expression level of osteoblast-related genes Col1α1, ALP and Runx2 were detected by qRT-PCR. Each group of plasmids was transfected into 3 well cells, and the experiment was repeated for 3 times. All statistical analysis were performed by Prism 6 software. The result were shown as mean±standard deviation, and the comparison between groups was done by unpaired t-test. Data were considered statistically significant when P value is less than 0.05. Results:Both the proband and his mother suffered from symphalangism. The result of Sanger sequencing showed that there was a heterozygous missense mutation of NOG gene (p.V202G) in all patients in this pedigree. No disease-related mutations were detected in FGF9 and GDF5. Computer three-dimensional mechanism simulation showed that the site was located at the α helix. The result of Western blotting showed that the expression of mutant protein was significantly lower than that of wild type. Osteogenic differentiation in vitro showed that the inhibitory effect of V202G mutant protein on osteogenic differentiation decreased. The quantitative result of alkaline phosphatase staining showed that the alkaline phosphatase activity in the vector group was (12.3±0.8) U/L, and the alkaline phosphatase activity in the wild type plasmid group was (2.6±0.3) U/L, which was significantly lower than that in the vector group ( t=11.550, P<0.001). The alkaline phosphatase activity in the mutant plasmid group was (10.8±0.3) U/L. There was no significant difference between the mutant group and the vector group ( t=1.830, P=0.141). The mRNA expression level of osteogenesis-related genes was consistent with the above result . Compared with vector group, the expression of osteogenesis-related genes in wild-type noggin group decreased significantly ALP、 Col1α1 and Runx2 ( t=5.987, 4.498, 4.170; P=0.004, 0.011, 0.014). There was no significant difference between mutant plasmid group and blank vector group in ALP、 Col1α1 and Runx2 ( t=0.433, 0.177, 1.159; P=0.688, 0.868, 0.311). Conclusions:NOG gene c. 605T < G p. V202G is a novel mutation in symphalangism, which is located in the α helix of noggin protein, leading to the decrease of the expression of noggin protein and the manifestation of ankylosis.

BACKGROUND:Thoracolumbar degenerative kyphosis could experience severe lumbar back pain due to sagittal plane imbalance, thereby affecting quality of life. Thus, it is very important to reconstruct spino-pelvic profile in these patients. OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationships between life quality and spino-pelvic parameters fol owing pedicle subtraction osteotomy for thoracolumbar degenerative kyphosis and the clinical significance. METHODS:Between May 2010 and October 2014, 59 patients with thoracolumbar degenerative kyphosis undergoing L2 pedicle subtraction osteotomy in Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine were retrospectively reviewed. Anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films of al patients during standing were photographed before and after surgery. The pre-and post-operative thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sagittal imbalance, T1 pelvic angle, pelvic incidence, sacral slope and pelvic tilt were measured in al patients. The patients’ quality of life was evaluated using SF-36 preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Significant differences were observed in the improvement of thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, pelvic tilt, sacral slope and sagittal imbalance (P<0.01). With respect to SF-36, postoperative SF-36 score was higher than preoperative postoperative SF-36 score (P<0.01). (2) The alteration of lumbar lordosis showed significant correlation with the change of pelvic tilt, sacral slope and sagittal imbalance. The change of pelvic tilt exhibited cardinal correlation with the change of sacral slope, body pain and general health. The improvement of sagittal imbalance significantly correlated with the improvement of lumbar lordosis, body pain and general health. The improvement of T1 pelvic angle significantly correlated with the improvement of lumbar lordosis, sagittal imbalance, body pain and general health. (3) Pedicle subtraction osteotomy can effectively restore spino-pelvic sagittal profile, improve the life quality and relieve pain for the patients with thoracolumbar degenerative kyphosis.