Diabetic nephropathy(DN) greatly affects human health.It is critical to select suitable animal model for the research on the disease.In the paper,the status quo of domestic and abroad research related to animal model is analyzed,pointing out the advantage and disadvantage of drug-induced,spontaneous and transgenic animal model.Comparision is made between different etiopathogenesis,symptoms and renal pathological changes in each mode.It is to consummate DN related models and provide laboratory flat for pharmaceutic research on DN.

Objective To represent the high-resolution ultrasonic profiles of diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSVPTC) and highlight the importance of ultrasound examination for detecting this rare entity. Methods The document of clinical presentations and thyroid ultrasound imaging information leading to correct diagnosis were reviewed in association with the microscopic findings of excised thyroid specimen. Results The average age of the eight patients was (18.88 ± 3.59) years(range from 12 to 24) with a gender ratio of 2 males to 6 females. Their predominant clinical presentations were enlargement (8/8) and hardening(6/8) of the involved thyroid lobes. The ultrasound imaging features were increase in the width and thickness of involved thyroids, hypoechoic and heterogeneous internal echoes, containing multiple,diffuse,and fine hyperechoic spots but without formation of any masses, and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the bilateral jugular chains due to cancer cell metastasis. Ultrasound diagnosis of the first case was malignant thyroid tumor, but the following consecutive 7 patients were all definitely interpreted as DSVPTC. Conclusions The clinical presentations alone is less valuable in diagnosis of DSVPTC, but the characteristic features on high-resolution ultrasonography are highly sensitive and indicative.

Objective To evaluate the safety,feasibility and efficacy of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)on the spot in the patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)in country hospitals by interventional cardiologists from higher-level hospitals(converse transport).Methods A total of 81 AMI patients received emergency PCI on the spot by interventional cardiologists from other higher-level hospitals (transported doctors)from Mar 2004 to Sep 2008 in our hospital.The mean age of patients was 68.6 ± 3.6 years (36.0-83.0 years).Forty-six patients were male and 35 were female.There were 56 cases with anterior myocardial infarction and 25 with inferior myocardial infarction(including 11 cases combined with right ventricular infarction).The average time from symptom onset to admission was 6.2 ± 1.8 hours(2.0-12.0hours).Results Three cases were transported to higher-level hospitals for CABG because of severe conditions.The other 78 cases received emergency PCI on the spot,among whom 66 cases received primary PCI.Another 12 cases received rescue PCI.Eight one stents were implanted in total into the infarcted arteries.One operation was failed because the balloon could not go through the lesion.The success.rate was 98.7％.Four patients occurred peri-operative cardiac adverse events and 2 cases died.Four cases died during the 32-86 months follow-up,of whom I was cardiac death and 3 was non-cardiac deaths.No fatal cardiovascular events occurred in the remained cases.Conclusion Emergency PCI on the spot by interventional cardiologists from other cities(converse transport PCI)in AMI is safe,feasible and effective.But it needs to be confirmed in a large-scale study in the future.

0.05). Conclusion It seems that LTA gene polymorphism has no significant correlation with the risk of osteoporosis in patients suffering from COPD.

Objective To investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the phasing and grading of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) complicated with vena cava tumor thrombus (VCTT).Methods From December 2011 to September 2015,a total of 72 patients (52 males,20 females,age:36-74 years) were enrolled in this retrospectively study.All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT studies,and were diagnosed as RCC.The RCC patients combined with VCTT were classified by Mayo-level.Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the grading of VCTT by PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT.NM staging on abdominal area level was performed and the results were compared with x2 test.Results VCTT was identified in 18 RCC patients and the grading results by PET/CT were as follows:9 cases in Level 0,4 cases in Level Ⅰ,2 cases in Level Ⅱ,1 case in Level Ⅲ,and 2 cases in Level Ⅳ.When evaluated by PET/CT,20 cases were in N0M0,21 were in N1M0,9 were in N0M1,and 22 were in N1M1.NM staging results by contrast-enhanced CT were as follows:50 cases in N0M0,10 in N1M0,10 in N0M1,and 2 in N1M1.In addition,2 N1 and 2 M1 were found by the whole body PET/CT.The classification results of VCTT and staging of abdominal level by PET/CT were significantly better than those by contrast-enhanced CT (z=-2.462,P＜0.05;x2=32.806,P＜0.01).Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT is not only valuable for detecting primary RCC and local metastasis,but also useful for finding where the VCTT extends,which is conducive to therapeutic planning and further clinical treatment.

Objective To detect the expression change of ETFβin diabetic nephropathy rats and study the role of ETFβin fatty acid-induced apoptosis in renal tubules.Methods Diabetic nephropathy model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and unilateral nephrectomy.In vivo ETFβexpression was detected in renal cortex, as well as tubular injury evaluated.In vitro fatty acid-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells NRK 52E model was established and ETFβrecombinant plasmid was constructed to be transfected into NRK 52E cells and furtherly to observe the effect of ETFβover-expression on the fatty acid-induced apoptosis.Results In the rats model of diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin injection and unilateral nephrectomy, ETFβmRNA and protein expression were decreased as obvious tubular damage occurred.Fatty acids could induce apoptosis in NRK 52E, and ETFβover-expression reduced the apoptosis.Conclusion The expression of ETFβis decreased in diabetic nephropathy model , and ETFβover-expression can reduce apoptosis induced by fatty acid in renal tubular cells.

Objective To establish the molecular weight distribution of anti-HBV placenta transfer factor injection (PSTF) by electrophoresis, HPLC and MS.Methods Using the methods of SDS-PAGE, HPSEC, MALDI-TOF-MS to test the molecular of PSTF.Results The Molecular was 8000 Da by SDS-PAGE.There were 5026.67,6783.44,7496.42,8736.55 Da components in PSTF by HPSEC.The main component molecular was 2972 Da and the maximum molecular component was 8194 Da.Conclusion HPSEC is simple and rapid to determine the maximum component molecular of PSTF.

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of bilateral medial medullary infarction. Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with bilateral medial medullary infarction admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. The related literature was reviewed. Results Three patients in this group were all males. Their main clinical manifestations were quadriplegia, dysarthria, and paresthesia, and 1 of them complicated with respiratory failure. One patient was suspected of having Guillain-Barre syndrome. The hyperintensities of heart-shape,Y- shape,and V- shape were its imaging features of typical MRI diffusion weighted imaging. Conclusion Bilateral medial medullary infarction is a rare posterior circulation ischemic lesion in clinical practice. Its early symptoms are not typical and easy to be misdiagnosed and missed. MRI diffusion weighted imaging is its main imaging examination method.

_ Objective_ To study whether quinoid dihydropteridine reductase ( QDPR ) expression level change can affect oxidative stress of NRK-52E renal tubular cells in a high glucose environment. Methods The NRK-52E model of overexpression, knockdown QDPR gene and respective control were constructed by lentivirus. All groups were given 5. 4 mmol/L and 30 mmol/L glucose culture medium respectively to imitate normal and high glucose condition. The level of superoxide anion ( O-2 ) was detected by flow cytometer dihydroethidium method. The protein expression level of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)was tested by Western blot. Results QDPR over-expression can decrease O-2(P<0. 01)and SOD1(P<0. 05)levels in high glucose condition;QDPR knockdown increases O-2(P<0. 01) and does not change SOD1. Conclusion Under high glucose condition, overexpression of QDPR gene decreases NRK-52E cell oxidative stress. Knockdown QDPR gene increases NRK-52E cell oxidative stress. QDPR gene may influence the development of diabetic nephropathy by oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the effects of Tangshen Formula on liver oxidative stress in diabetic rats, and their mechanisms thereof.Methods Rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was estab?lished by intraperitoneally injecting small dose of chain urea with cephalosporins (STZ) and feeding high fat fodder . The model rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, Tangshen Formula group and metformin group.The se?rum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase(CAT), vitamin E(VE), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in liver were compared between four groups. Changes of pathological morphology were ob?served under light microscopy. Results There were significantly decrease in serum levels of ALT, AST, TG, CHO, LDL-C in Tangshen Formula group and metformin group compared with those of model group. There were significantly higher levels of SOD, CAT and VE, and lower levels of NO and NOS of liver homogenate in Tangshen Formula group than those of model group. There were higher levels of SOD and CAT, and lower levels of NO and NOS in liver homogenate in metformin group than those of model group. HE staining showed that liver fatty degeneration was significantly reduced in metformin group and Tangshen Formula group compared with that of model group. Conclusion The fatty liver in type 2 diabetic rats is signifi?cantly improved by Tangshen Formula treatment, which is probably associated with the regulation of the response level to oxi?dative stress in liver.