Introduced in the paper is the development and building of motor medical equipment in China,namely vehicle-mounted field hospitals,cabin hospitals,hospital ships,and rescue helicopters among others.It is pointed out that such development falls far from complete in the country,as evidenced in the poor development for airborne,and an integrated medical rescue system covering land, sea and air needs to be further enhanced in the future.

Objective To analyze emergency medical treatment measures and the problems encountered during disaster relief in Chinese intemational rescue team (CIRT) , and to provide reference to improve the level of medical assistance. Method The data were based on the materials of the emergency medical rescue work in Haiti earthquake disaster by CIRT. The data were retrospectively analyzed. Results From January 13 , 2010 to January 27, 2010, CIRT provided medical service for more than 2500 wounded and sick persons, including 700 traumatic debridement, 150 operations, 12 the critical wounded. CIRT duged out 15 bodies. Conclusion Fast and prepara-tive job is the foundation to complete rescue mission with high-quality . The unique workflow ensure to complete the emergency medical rescue missions. Profession and multi-function is the basic quality for intemational rescue team members. Medical equipment regularization is needed.

Objective To research the mobile medical units' portable equipment for Olympic safeguard service. Methods Relevant scientific literatures and combined the actual medical supporting tasks during the Olympic safeguard service were reviewed,and studied the portable equipments,instruments and medicines of the mobile medical units. Results Combined with the mobile medical units' actual characteristics,the principle was small size and efficient,multifunctional,simple and practical. The portable equipment was not only first-line treatment,but also taken into account advanced treatment,they can adapt to different environment and better coordination of the tasks to be performed. Conclusion Perfect portable equipment is very important way to enhance the whole capacity of mobile medical units for medical supporting in Olympic safeguard service.

Objective To approach the validity of the fast aid and medical organization of earthquake.Method China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) fast arrived Wenehuan earthquake area.The problems of medical organization and emergency treatment on spot were rethospectively analyzed.Twenty-two members from different departments,including department of emergency medicine,department of cardiology and orthopaedics,etc,took 280 species of medicine,consumable material,equipment and device,totally more than 1000 kinds.When finding survivors,the members of medical team gave both medical rescue and psychological inter venfion to them.Results After members of CISAR searched 9 hours,they found and treated 49 survivals,including 21 males and 28 females in collapse field of Wonchuan ease.Survivals were 7～61 years old,30 cases<18 yearn old,8 cases 18～39 years old,8 cases 40～59 years old,3 cases>60 yearn old.And 39 cases were found and treated within 72 hours,10 eases over 72 hours.Eight cases had head injuries,12 eases chest injuries,15 cases abdominal injuries,3 eases spinal injury,5 cases pelvic injury,48 eases limb injury,and all eases had medium or severe dehydrate.Forty-nine survivals were rescued with fluid infusion,oxygen inhahtion,bandaging,fixation and transported to hospitals,and none d the 49 cases died.conclusions The effective medical organization and first aid on spot can avoid the rescue chaos on emergency treatment,and reduce the rate of disability and case fatality in disaster.

Objective As members of CNEDERT, we were trusted to take the mission of medical rescue in April of this year in Yushu area of Qinghai province. As soon as we heard of the news of earthquake with shock of 7.1 on Richter scale happened on 14th April 2010, our team of 32 members from the General Hospital of Armed Police Force rapidly rushed to get there at 19 o'clock on 14th April. It is a cold plateau with 4000 meters in average above sea level. Of course, they would face many difficult problems and some of them could not be figured out in advance. It was really a new and big challenge. First of all, we had to bear the very low barometric pressure,threatening lives of team members. In order to fulfill the mission of medical rescue, and to prevent the acute mountain sickness (AMS) ,we monitored the physiological changes of every member. Method A total of 32 members aged from 27 - 42 years old with average age of (33.26 + 12.54) years, 6 male and 6 female, gathered at Peking, 50 meters above sea level, 6 hours ahead of getting to Yushu and received physical examination with measurements of SaO2, HR, Hb and breath holding test. The team worked in Yushu area for 13 days and returned back to Peking on 27th April at 13 o'clock. The measurements of SaO2, HR and He were kept on from 14th April to 4th May, 21 days in total. The occurrence of AMS was surveyed by questionnaire from 18 to 48 hours after arrival,and the AMSA was diagnosed and scored according to the Lake Louise consensus on the definition and quantification of altitude illness. When the score was equal or above 3, it was considered to be AMS. Our work activities included searching the victims under the collapsed building, carrying out treatment and operation as soon as possible in the mobile hospital, doing medical round visiting, public health and disease prevention, work of joint rescue of multiple professions and psychological counseling. Results Of them 26 (81.25%) members suffered from AMS of various severities and few of them had pulmonary edema and hematuria, and those with SaO2 below 60% were sent down to the plain of low level above sea. The average level of SaO2 at Peking was ( 98.21 + 2.63) %, and it suddenly dropped to (66.31 ± 4.24)% on the first day of entering Yushu area, and from the 2nd day on, it gradually increased to (84.80 ± 4.20)% on the 13th day of stay in Yushu. On the 14th day, we returned back to Peking, the average SaO2 gradually went up from ( 85.57 + 2.73) % to (85.70 + 3.11 ) % on the 15th day,(87.93±2.63)% on the 17th day, (92.21 ±3.62)% on the 18th day, and (98.2333 ± 1.78)% On the 21st day (5th May ). At plain the average HR was (78 ± 11 ) beats/min, and it went up abruptly to ( 121 ± 18) beats/min on the first day of arrival to Yushu, and from the 2nd day on, it slowly lowered down to (99± 12) beats/min at the end day of stay in Yushu area. When we got back to Peking, the average HR gradually normalized from (91± 18) beats/min to (77 + 16) beats on the 5th May. The average Hb in Peking was ( 118 ± 32) g/L, and it gradually increased to ( 137 ± 18) g/L on the 5th day and to ( 161 ± 27) g/L on the 11th day after arrival, and it gradually dropped to (127:± 13) g/L on the 17th day and to (120± 13) g/L on the 21st day. Various measures were taken to treat and prevent the AMS with Chinese herbal medicines such as hongjingtian (Rholiola sacra [Prain ex Hamet] Fu), droplet-sized pill of danshen (salva miltiorrhiza Bge), slice of xiyangshen (Panax quinquefolium L)for lozenge which had some effect of minimizing the symptoms of AMS, and with easily digestible diet catered for in less amount of food in each meal and more meals every day, and diet was composed of mainly carbohydrate and vitamins. Large amount of fluid was required at least 4000 - 6000 mL daily guided by the number of urination at least once or twice a day. For the severe case with shortness of breath and sense of oppression over chest, the oxygen inhalation and intravenous glucose saline with small dose of hydrocortisone were given. Conclusions There were great changes in SaO2, HR and Hb of individuals rushed into high altitude area from plain of low level above sea in a short length of time. But those individuals had the capability of adaptation to ameliorate bit by bit those changes day by day until 13 days of stay, the end of stay at high altitude. On that day, the levels of SaO2, HR and He were still far away from normal. And those changes took 6 days to resume the original levels after the members retumed to the plain. Of them, 81.25% (26/32) members suffered from AMS of various severities. Various measures taken to treat and prevent the AMS are very important. In addition, working at high altitude area, the medical equipment and facilities should be miniaturized for easy portability on the rugged and narrow footpath in order to preserve the energy of medical members.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and the possible mechanism of intravenous infusion with perfluorocarbon pretreatment and posttreatment on acute lung injury in rats on LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats.Methods A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group(NS group),LPS group,Pre group and Post group.Normal saline was given to NS group as a control.Rats were treated with LPS by intratracheal instillation in LPS group,rats received PFC through femoral vein.prior to LPS instillation in Pre group and rats received PFC through femoral vein after LPS instillation in Post group.NS group were sacrificed at 6 h after being injected with NS,LPS group,Pre group and Post group were sacrificed at 6h after being given LPS.Pathological changes of king,PaO2,lung wet to dry weight ratio (W/D),expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) of lung were assessed.Results Intravenous.infusion with perfluorocarbons increased PaO2,decreased W/D,MPO and ICAM-1 significantly (P＜0.05),and this effect is more remarkable in Pre group.Conclusion Intravenous infusion of PFC significantly protects lung from acute lung injury,especially by pretreatment forms,probably by down-regulate the expression of ICAM-1.

Objective To develop a field psychological emergency rescue chest to improve mental health service during disaster relief.Methods The instruments and medicine involved in for mental health were determined based on service orientation,function design and expert survey,and the psychological emergency rescue chest was developed based on optimization of the external and internal structures of field Ⅳ-type chest.Results The chest developed was composed of office instruments,psychological devices,logistics instruments and first-aid medicine for mental health.conclusion The chest gains advantages in design,structure,size,transport,utilization,equipped devices and function integration,and thus is worthy promoting for field mental health service during disaster relief.

The daily management of medical equipment in the shelter hospital of CAPF was explored, and some measures were put forward including completing administration, determining responsibilities, improving supervising system, creating management tools, strengthening application for military and civilian uses, enhancing professional awareness and etc. The problems were solved in the discrepancies between construction and management, application and maintenance as well as training and daily service, so that the equipment was improved in efficiency, service life, metrology and stability. References may be provided for the shelter hospital or other medical units of CAPF for daily management of medical devices.

Objective To investigate the injury of members nation earthquake emergency relief team(NERT) in Wenchuan earthquake, and to explore right measures to protect themselves in emergency relief.Method The injury of 187 members of rescue team,who took emergency relief of"5·12" Wenchuan earthquake from 12 May to 29 May 2008, was registered according to International classification of Diseases (ICD). Results Medical staff have treated the members for 268 times, dennatogic and subcutaneous tissue disease accounted for 35.4%, masele,skeleton and connective tissue disease accounted for 26.9% ,disease of respiratory system ac-counted for 13.4% .More members responsible for search injured fixed medical aid post,the treatment times were 224,accounting for 91.0% times (91.0%). Conclusions Sufficient medical preparation,fixed medical aid post,psychological quide are very important for members of relief team.

To perform modal analysis of CT shelter by applying computer simulation technology so as to pro-vide theoretical guidance for CT shelter structure optimization. Based on CAD model, the finite element model of a CT shelter was established with ANSYS simulation platform. Through modal analysis, different-order modal frequency and modal shape of the shelter were computed and the kinetic characteristics were evaluated. Low order modal frequency was kept away from the natural frequency range of chassis system resonance to avoid the overall structure reso-nance; the 3rd and the 4th modal frequency and engine idle speed frequency were very close so that local resonance might occur; road roughness excitation frequency covered the first 6 order modal frequencies and the further vibration-re-ducing measures of CT equipment were suggested. Based on the theories of finite element method and current software platform, modal analysis of shelter structure can be simulated and the results can provide valuable data for the improvement of kinetic characteristics and structure design.