OBJECTIVE To observe bacterial changing-pattern and drug-resistant pattern for reasonable application of antibiotics.METHODS We reviewed the data of 2002-2005 pathogens tests.RESULTS Of 6041 isolated pathogens,2765(45.8%) were Gram-negative bacilli,1350(22.3%) were Gram-positive cocci and 1926(31.9%) were fungi.Fungi increased almost twice,from 18.4% in 2002 to 36.4% in 2005.The most common Gram-negative bacilli were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.While the most common Gram-positive cocci were Staphylococcus epidermidis,S.aureus and Enterococcus faecium.Compared with that in 2002,MRSA,MRSE,ESBLs-producing and AmpC-producing bacilli were significantly increased.Neither strains of S.epidermidis nor strains of S.aureus were found resistant to vancomycin.Carbapenems were the most active antibiotics tested against Gram-negative organisms.CONCLUSIONS We should recognize drug sensitive test as well as restrict the indication of antibiotics application,in order to reduce the occurrence of bacterial resistance.

Objective To establish the molecular weight distribution of anti-HBV placenta transfer factor injection (PSTF) by electrophoresis, HPLC and MS.Methods Using the methods of SDS-PAGE, HPSEC, MALDI-TOF-MS to test the molecular of PSTF.Results The Molecular was 8000 Da by SDS-PAGE.There were 5026.67,6783.44,7496.42,8736.55 Da components in PSTF by HPSEC.The main component molecular was 2972 Da and the maximum molecular component was 8194 Da.Conclusion HPSEC is simple and rapid to determine the maximum component molecular of PSTF.

Objective To investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the phasing and grading of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) complicated with vena cava tumor thrombus (VCTT).Methods From December 2011 to September 2015,a total of 72 patients (52 males,20 females,age:36-74 years) were enrolled in this retrospectively study.All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT studies,and were diagnosed as RCC.The RCC patients combined with VCTT were classified by Mayo-level.Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the grading of VCTT by PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT.NM staging on abdominal area level was performed and the results were compared with x2 test.Results VCTT was identified in 18 RCC patients and the grading results by PET/CT were as follows:9 cases in Level 0,4 cases in Level Ⅰ,2 cases in Level Ⅱ,1 case in Level Ⅲ,and 2 cases in Level Ⅳ.When evaluated by PET/CT,20 cases were in N0M0,21 were in N1M0,9 were in N0M1,and 22 were in N1M1.NM staging results by contrast-enhanced CT were as follows:50 cases in N0M0,10 in N1M0,10 in N0M1,and 2 in N1M1.In addition,2 N1 and 2 M1 were found by the whole body PET/CT.The classification results of VCTT and staging of abdominal level by PET/CT were significantly better than those by contrast-enhanced CT (z=-2.462,P＜0.05;x2=32.806,P＜0.01).Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT is not only valuable for detecting primary RCC and local metastasis,but also useful for finding where the VCTT extends,which is conducive to therapeutic planning and further clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the added value of CTAC for improving image quality and diagnostic efficiency of bone imaging in SPECT/CT.Methods Seventy-five patients (47 males,28 females,(56.6± 12.8) years) with abnormal uptake in planar whole-body bone scintigraphy underwent SPECT/CTfor differentiation of malignant from benign spinal lesions.NAC and CTAC SPECT images were classified based on 5-point scale (5:excellent,4:good,3:adequate,2:suboptimal,1:inadequate).The diagnostic confidence for both NAC and CTAC SPECT images were classified based on 4-point scale (4:definite,3:certain,2:equivocal,1:uninterpretable).The pathological results after surgery were used as gold standard to evaluate the added diagnostic value of CTAC for spinal lesions.Wilcoxon-signed rank sum test was used for data analysis.Results CTAC improved the image quality in 37.3％ (28/75) of patients,and downgraded in 2.7％ (2/75) of patients.The remaining 45 patients were unchanged (60.0％,45/75).SPECT with CTAC could significantly improve the image quality (z=-4.747,P＜0.001),but the overall diagnostic confidence was not increased (z=-1.000,P＞0.05).Conclusion CTAC can improve the image quality of spinal SPECT,especially useful in imaging with poorer quality,but it has no significant incremental value in diagnostic confidence.

Objective To obtain the recombinant corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) protein with soluble, high purity protein through optimizing prokaryotic expression condition and purifying glutathione thiol transferase (GST)-CRH protein. Methods To detect the expression of soluble CRH protein through grope of the host strain GST-CRH temperature of induction expression, the host strain concentration (OD600), IPTG concentration and induction time, the purification of GST-CRH was performed by GST-CRH agarose gel. Western Blot assay was used for the expression identification of the target protein. Results The optimal conditions for the induction of CRH protein were determined: temperature of 30 ℃, IPTG induced concentration 0.1 mmol/L, bacteria density (OD600) 0.8, the induction time of 8 hours, purified GST-CRH>95% fusion protein was obtained. Conclusion The optimal expression conditions of GST-CRH are obtained, and the soluble protein of high purity GST-CRH is also obtained.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of oxidative damage caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced sepsis in rat brain.Methods The rats were randomly divided into control group and model group (low LPS group and high LPS group).Twenty-four hours after the modeling,the rats were sacrificed before their brain tissue was taken out and prepared for the test.The changes in malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC),hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)were detected.The expression level of JNK and Nrf2 protein in brain tissue was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group,the MDA,SOD,GSH-px,T-AOC,H2O2 and SDH level increased significantly in the model group,and the difference in expressions of JNK and Nrf2 was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The LPS induced septic oxidative brain damage model in rats is successfully established,and the process may be regulated through the Nrf2 and JNK signal pathways.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of rosiglitazone on the rats with high altitude pulmonary edema.Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into 6 groups (n =6 each):control group (Control),hypobaric hypoxia model group (HH),rosiglitazone groups (RSG) which were administered with 3 different doses [RSG-L:5 mg/ (kg · d),RSG-M:10 mg/ (kg·d),RSG-H:20 mg/ (kg· d)],dexamethasone group [Dex,4 mg/ (kg· d)].Rats were injected intraperitoneally with different doses of rosiglitazone (RSG),dexamethasone (Dex) or vehicle (Control and HH) for 3 days before placed in simulated altitude of 6 000 m hypobaric hypoxia animal chamber where the temperature and pressure were constant.After 72 h in the chamber,each rat was anesthetized.The water content of lung was determined with wet/dry weight ratio.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was measured by bradford method.The contents of GSH was measured by micro-ezymed labeled method.The contents of MDA was measured by TBA method.The enzymatic activities of SOD was measured by WST-1 method.The changes of the TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were determined by ELISA.Light microscope was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue.Results Compared with Control group,the wet/dry weight ratio of lung (5.08 ± 0.24) and total protein content of BALF (351.06 ± 44.55) μg/mL increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01) in HH group.There were red blood cells in the alveolar and interstitium,pink fluid exudation in the alveolar,the alveolar septum enhancement,and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration;the SOD activity (10.65 ± 0.94) U/mgprot and the content of GSH (1.63 ±0.20) μmol/gprot in lung tissue were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01),the contents of MDA (2.1 5 ± 0.18) nmol/mgprot increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01),TNF-o (56.92 ± 2.87) pg/mL and IL-6 (217.80 ±48.01) pg/mL levels in serum were significantly increased (P ＜0.01),and IL-10 (76.85 ± 16.72) pg/mL level decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the HH group,the wet/dry ratio of lung and total protein content of BALF in different doses of rosiglitazone group significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01),the pathological changes of the lung tissue was significantly improved,SOD activity and the content of GSH in lung tissue was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01),the content of MDA decreased (P ＜ 0.01),The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01),while the IL-10 level was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Rosiglitazone could protect the high altitude pulmonary edema by alleviating the oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of acarbose combined with metformin on related indexes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:A total of 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into control group (50 cases) and observation group (50 cases).Control group was given Acrbose tablet 50 mg orally,3 times a day.Observation group was additionally given Metformin hydrochloride tablet 0.5 g orally,3 times a day,on the basis of control group.Both groups were treated for 12 weeks.The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG),fasting plasma insulin (FINS),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),2 h postprandial plasma glucose (2 hPG),postprandial 2 h insulin (2 hFINS),insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),the proportion of Th cell subsets in CD4+ T cells,IL-22,IL-17A and IFN-γ,mRNA expression of IL-22,IL-17A and IFN-γ were observed in 2 groups before and after treatment.The occurrence of ADR was recorded.RESULTS:After treatment,FPG,FINS,HbA1c,2 hPG,2 hFINS,HOMA-IR,the proportion of Th cell subsets in CD4+ T cells,the concentrations of IL-22,IL-17A and IFN-γ,expression of IL-22 mRNA,IL-17A mRNA and IFN-γ mRNA in 2 groups were significantly lower than before treatment,with statistical significance (P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the proportion of Th1 in T cells between 2 groups (P＞0.05).Other indexes of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P＞0.05).CONCLUSIONS:For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,acarbose combined with metformin can effectively control the level of blood glucose,improve insulin resistance,balance Th cell subsets,reduce inflammatory factors levels but don't increase the occurrence of ADR.

Objective:To explore the imaging features of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT (high-resolution CT, HRCT) imaging in focal organizing pneumonia (FOP). Methods:Patients with solid nodular FOP ( n=45; 33 males, 12 females, age (58±9) years) and early peripheral non-mucinous solid lung adenocarcinoma ( n=47; 21 males, 26 females, age (63±10) years) confirmed by postsurgical pathology between May 2012 and December 2018 in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT (HRCT) imaging followed by surgery within 3 weeks. The imaging findings and characteristics of the lesions were recorded. Differences of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) and maximum diameter between FOP and adenocarcinoma were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test or t′ test. Spearman correlation or Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the relation between SUV max and maximum diameter. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictive factors for FOP. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for evaluation of diagnostic efficiency. Results:The SUV max of FOP was lower than that of lung adenocarcinoma (3.1(1.7, 4.9) vs 6.5(3.8, 9.3); z=-4.598, P<0.01), and the maximum diameter of FOP was smaller than that of lung adenocarcinoma ((18.0±6.3) mm vs (21.8±4.3) mm; t′=-3.424, P<0.01). The SUV max was positively correlated with the maximum diameter in FOP group ( r s=0.509, P<0.01), while the SUV max of lung adenocarcinoma was not correlated with the lesion size ( r=0.076, P>0.05). HRCT of the PET/CT system showed the fusiform shape were more common in FOP ( χ2=9.549, P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis identified that SUV max≤7.1, diameter≤18.3 mm, and fusiform shape were independent factors to predict FOP, with odds ratio ( OR) of 10.585, 4.674, 9.073, respectively (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of SUV max≤7.1 combined with diameter≤18.3 mm and fusiform nodule was 0.860, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 97.8%(44/45), 70.2%(33/47), 75.9%(44/58), 97.1%(33/34), and 83.7%(77/92), respectively. Conclusion:SUV max≤ 7.1 combined with maximum diameter≤ 18.3 mm and fusiform shape may predict solid nodular FOP.