AIM: To study the effect of CPUE1 on the reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR) in K562/A02 cells and its mechanism. METHODS: MTT assay was used to determine the influence of CPUE1 on the cytotoxicity of vincrisine (VCR) in K562/A02 cells. The effect of CPUE1 on the apoptosis induced by VCR in K562/A02 cells was detected using DNA analysis and Annexin-Ⅴ/PI double stain assay. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the efflux of rhodamine123 (Rh123) by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in K562/A02 cells. RESULTS: CPUE1 increased the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by VCR in K562/A02 cells. At the concentration of 10 ?mol?L -1 ,CPUE1 reduced the IC_ 50 value of VCR from 60.54 to 4.17 ?mol?L -1 . CPUE1 inhibited the efflux of Rh123 and resulted in the increase of intracellular accumulation of Rh123 in K562/A02 cells. CONCLUSION: CPUE1 has strong reversal effect on MDR in K562/A02 cells by inhibiting P-gp activity.

objective To explore a new method of repairing skin defects complicated with fracture and tendon rupture at the middle and distal sections of the second to fifth fingers. Methods The reversed dorsal metacarpal island flap was designed to be pedicled on the digital proper artery-common digital artery-fingerweb artery-dorsal metacarpal artery-cutaneous branch of dorsal metacarpal artery.In repairing digital palmar skin defects,after the flap was dissected,the proximal incision was extended along the direction of dorsal metacarpal nerve to harvest an enough length of the nerve so that the dorsal metacrppal nerve can be anastomosed with the digital proper nerve to restore the sensation of finger pulp.From the June 2003 to March 2009,the flap was used to repair 26 fingers in 24 patients with middle and distal digital skin defects complicated with fracture and tendon rupture.They were 17 men and 7 women,aged from 16 to 63 years (average,37 years).There were 15 cases of palmar skin defect and 9 cases of dorsal skin defect.In the 2 cases of combined tendon defects,a section of the extensor tendon of index(or little) finger was dissected together with the flap to repair the tendon rupture. Results The areas of the flap ranged from 3.1 cm ×1.6 cm to 6.0 cm × 4.0 cm.The flaps survived in all 24 cases without any vascular crisis.Twenty-two patients obtained an average follow-up of 14 months (from 4 to 32 months) but 2 were lost to the follow-up.The flaps were fine in texture,colour and appearance.The finger pulps appeared full and recovered sensations of pain and temperature.The average two-point discrimination was 7.5 mm (from 5 to 9 mm).Sensory function evaluation revealed an outcome of S3 + ～ S4.Tendon adhesion occurred in 4 cases which recovered digital function following secondary lysis 3 to 6 months postoperation. Conclusion Application of the reversed dorsal metacarpal island flap pedicled on the digital proper artery is a good way to repair skin defects complicated with fracture and tendon rupture at the middle and distal sections of the second to fifth fingers.

AIM: To study the effect of Lomerizine on the activity of P-glycorprotein (P-gp) in primary cultured rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (RBMECs). METHODS: Flow cytometry was used to study the efflux of rhodamine123 (Rh123) and expression of P-gp in RBMECs. RT-PCR was used to measure the expression in mRNA level of mdr1 gene in RBMECs. Transwell model was used to detect the influence of Lomerizine on the transport of Rh123 through RBMECs monolayer. RESULTS: Lomerizine inhibited the efflux of Rh123 in RBMECs. No changes of P-gp and mdr1 gene mRNA expression were detected in RBMECs after the treatment with 30 μmol·L-1 Lomerizine for 72 h. In the study of Transwell model, Lomerizine increased significantly the transport of Rh123 through RBMECs monolayer from upper compartments to lower compartments, and inhibited obviously the transport in reverse direction. CONCLUTION: The effect of Lomerizine on the activity of P-gp was mainly via its direct inhibitory effect on the function of P-gp in RBMECs and the transport of P-gp substrates in BBB may be affected by lomerizine.

Aim To study the reversal effect of CPUC1 on multidrug resistance in K562/A02 cells. Methods MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of vincristine. Intracellular accumulation of rhodamine123 was measured by flow cytometry to evaluate the function of P glycoprotein(Pgp). The apoptotic cells induced by vincristine were detected by flow cytometry using DNA content analysis and Annexin V/PI double staining. Results CPUC1 significantly reversed the resistance of K562/A02 cells to vincristine. CPUC1 increased intracellular accumulation of rhodamine123 in K562/A02 cells in a concentration dependent manner. CPUC1 increased the apoptosis induced by vincristine. Conclusion CPUC1 reversed multidrug resistance by inhibiting function of P gp in K562/A02 cells, suggesting that CPUC1 merits further study.

Objective To observe the effect of Naomaitai Capsule on the learning and memory abilities and cerebral lipid-peroxidation in rat with vascular dementia(VD).Methods Two VD models were(established).The first one was produced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries in rats with the(following) steps: ischemia 20 min—reperfusion 10 min—ischemia 20 min.The learning and memory abilities were tested by Y type maze.Meanwhile,malondiadehyde(MDA) content and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in brain tissue of ischemia-reperfusion rats were measured.The second model was formed by injecting thrombin NS solution into internal carotid artery.The learning and memory abilities were studied by Y type Maze.The content of Evans blue in brain tissue was measured.Results In the model caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,Naomaitai Capsule significantly improved the learning and memory abilities((P

Objective: To investigate gender differences regarding changes of myopia rates among Han Chinese students aged 7-18 years in China, and to provide a scientific basis for precise myopia prevention and control. Methods: The visual acuity data of 871 112 students aged 7-18 years from four national student physical fitness and health surveys in 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2019 were selected to analyze gender differences in myopia rates and myopia rates among male and female students in each age group. Results: The overall myopia rate of students aged 7-18 years in China increased from 2005 to 2019( χ 2=7 265.06, P <0.01), and the myopia rate increased from 47.9%(2005) to 60.1% (2019). Gender differences in myopia rates among students trended to decrease( χ 2=72.24, P <0.01), and showed an inverted "U shaped" distribution from south to north, decreasing first and then increasing. Conclusion The problem of myopia in children and adolescents cannot be ignored, and the difference in myopia rates between male and female students should be taken into account, precise prevention and control of myopia accurately according to gender.

Objective To evaluate the effects of assisted reproduction technology ( ART) on gestational weight gain ( GWG) and glucose metabolism .Methods The study was performed in ART women with single-ton and full-term delivery .Age-and pre-pregnancy body mass index matched healthy women with spontaneous pregnancy, singleton, and full-term delivery were recruited as controls .Maternal characteristics (height, age, education level , pre-pregnancy body mass , pre-delivery body mass , medical history , history of abortion , fasting plasma glucose , triglyceride , total cholesterol , and glucose tolerance ) and fetal data ( delivery mode , gender , birth body mass , birth body length ) were collected by a trained nutritionist .Results A total of 200 women were recruited into this study (53 ART women and 147 controls).There was no significant difference in number of previous abortion ( the ratio between the women who had ≥3 abortions to those who had <3 abortions was 6∶47 in the ART group , and 10∶137 in the control group , χ2 =1.080 , P=0.299 ) .Compared with the control group, the ART group had higher education level (33 in the ART and 85 in the control group with un-dergraduate or higher education , 20 in the ART group and 62 in the control group with a college degree or lower education ,χ2 =6.303 , P=0.012 ) .There were no statistically significantly differences between the ART and the control groups in pre-pregnancy body mass index [ (22.00 ±3.05 ) kg/m2 vs.(21.81 ±2.62 ) kg/m2 , P=0.661] and average GWG [ (13.89 ±5.33) kg vs.(14.78 ±4.60) kg, P=0.247].GWG was appro-priate in 22 ART women, excess in 18, and inadequate in 13;in the control group, GWG was appropriate in 66 women, excess in 54, and inadequate in 27.The distribution of GWG showed no significant difference be-tween the two groups (χ2 =1.162 , P=0.247 ) .Oral glucose tolerance test in 24-28 gestational weeks showed no significant difference in fasting blood glucose between the ART and the control groups [ (4.66 ±0.39) mmol/L vs.(4.66 ±0.52) mmol/L, P=0.996], but 1-hour and 2-hour blood glucose levels were significantly in-creased in the ART women [ ( 7.87 ±1.83 ) mmol/L vs.( 7.31 ±1.51 ) mmol/L, P=0.034; ( 7.49 ± 1.29) mmol/L vs.(6.69 ±1.30) mmol/L, P=0.029].The overall prevalence of gestational diabetes melli-tus was 13.5%(27/200), with no significant difference between the ART and the control groups (18.9%vs. 11.6%, P=0.182 ) .Conclusion ART may not affect GWG , but it may cause changes of glucose metabo-lism during pregnancy .

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance of quantitative detection of K-ras codon 12 and 13 mutations in the tissues of pancreatic cancer and related pancreatic diseaaes. Methods One hundred and thirty samples from surgically removed pancreatic tissue with a conclusive pathological diagnosis (105 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,8 cases of pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas,2 cases of pancreatic mucinous adenocarcinoma,3 cases of pancreatic endocrine carcinoma,6 cases of duodenal and papillary adenocarcinoma and 6 cases of benign pancreatic diseases ) were collected.Quantitative detection of K-ras codon 12 and 13 mutations was performed by the method of peptide nucleic acidmediated PCR clamping with two different fluorescence labeled probes.Mutation number ＞ 100 copies was used as the criteria to calculate the positive mutation rate.ResultsThe median and quartile of K-ras codon 12mutations of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas,pancreatic mucinous adenocarcinoma,pancreatic endocrine carcinoma,duodenal and papillary adenocarcinoma and benign pancreatic diseases were 4062 (495,10800),238 (45,8420),15 (9,21),3 (3,16),2283 (73,5037)and 21(8,56),and the positive mutation rates were 84.8％ (89/105),50.0％ (4/8),0,0,66.7％ (4/6)and 16.7％ (1/6).The quantity of K-ras codon 12 mutation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was not statistically different from those of adenosquamous carcinoma,duodenal and papillary adenocarcinoma,but it was significantly higher than those in pancreatic mucinous adenocarcinoma,pancreatic endocrine carcinoma,and benign pancreatic diseases (P ＜0.05).The area under ROC of K-ras codon 12 mutation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was 0.727.The sensitivity and specificity of the K-ras codon 12 mutation for the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were 84.8％,64.0％,respectively.The quantity of K-ras codon 12 was associated with survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.The quantity of K-ras codon 13 mutations and the positive mutation rates in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was not statistically different from other pancreatic diseases.ConclusionsThe quantity of K-ras codon 12 mutation has good differential diagnostic and prognostic prediction value for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of deep venous thrombosis in patients before hip arthroplasty, and to explore the possible causes of postoperative thrombosis.Methods:The clinical data of 361 patients with hip arthroplasty treated in the Department of Orthopaedic Trauma of Xi′an Honghui Hospital from September 2015 to December 2019 were studied retrospectively, including 102 males and 259 females, aged 65 to 94 years, and the average age was 72.25 years old. All fracture patients were given subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin calcium to prevent lower extremity thrombosis. The deep veins of both lower extremities were examined before and after operation. The general data of the two groups of patients were collected and recorded, including age, sex, whether complicated with medical diseases (essential hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease), serological indexes, time from injury to admission, and time from admission to operation. The software of SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:The incidence of lower limb DVT, before operation was 29.92%, including 26 males (24.07%) and 82 females (75.93%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus ( OR=2.127, 95% CI: 1.134-3.989, P=0.019), coronary heart disease ( OR=1.692, 95% CI: 1.056-2.713, P=0.029) and the time from injury to admission ( OR=1.677, 95% CI: 1.037-2.712, P=0.035) were independent risk factors for DVT in elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. The incidence of lower limb DVT, after operation was 46.54%. After operation, proximal thrombus were occurred in 2 cases (1.19%), distal thrombus in 143 cases (85.12%), and mixed thrombus in 23 cases (13.69%). Postoperative thrombus was ipsilateral to the fracture limb in 84 cases (50.00%), thrombus was located in the healthy side of the fracture in 19 cases (11.31%), and DVT occurred in 65 cases (38.69%) in both lower limbs. Conclusions:Delayed admission longed than 48 hours, coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus are the risk factors for the formation of DVT. The thrombus that existed before operation and did not disappear after operation accounted for 48.81% of the total incidence of postoperative thrombosis, and the new thrombus accounted for 51.19% of the total incidence of postoperative thrombosis. For the elderly patients with femoral neck fracture undergoing hip arthroplasty, ultrasonic examination of both lower limbs should be performed before and after operation to find the changes of thrombus in time and do a good job of prevention and treatment.

Objective: To report the medium-long term survival rates of ventricular septal myectomy for treating the patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and to analyze the predictive factors affecting the outcomes. Methods: A total of 655 consecutive patients who received ventricular septal myectomy in our hospital from 1984-10 to 2014-12 were retrospectively summarized. The cohort study was conducted with questionnaires by cardiovascular nurses. Result: The operative mortality was 1.4% (9/655). The mean follow-up time was (30.8 ± 30.9, from 3 to 213) months, there were 52/646 (7.9%) patients lost contact and 583 patients having NYHA classification at I or II during that period. The overall survival rates for 1 year, 5-year and 8-year were 98.3%, 90.5% and 88.3% respectively. There were 80 patients suffered from end point events including HCM-related death, heart transplantation, repeated myectomy, permanent pacemaker implantation and re-admission for ischemic stroke, tachyarrhythmia, myocardial ischemia or infarction, congestive heart failure. The end point events free survival rates for 1 year, 5-year and 8-year were 94.2%, 76.7% and 65.9% respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis presented that age>50 years (HR=2.16, 95% CI 1.36-3.46,P=0.001) and pre-operative atrial ifbrillation (FA) (HR=2.31, 95% CI 1.35-3.94,P=0.002) were the independent predictors for end point events occurrence. Conclusion: Ventricular septal myectomy may achieve good medium-long term survival rate with less adverse event in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Elder than 50 years of age and with pre-operative FA were the independent predictors for adverse events occurrence.