Objective The purpose of the study was to understand the resistance status of to anti-tuberculosis drug in Yunnan province, and to provide evidence for tuberculosis (TB) control. Methods The proportional method was used in drug sensitivity test according to the guidelines recommending by WHO. Results Of 301 mycobacterial isolates, 279 (92.7%) strains were complex (MTBC) . The total drug resistance rate was 31.5% (88/279),the initial drug resistance rate of was 27.3%, and the acquired drug resistance rate was 44.3%. The drug resistance rates to INH,RFP,EMB and SM were 19.7%, 10.8%, 12.9%and 19.0%, respectively. The multi-drug resistance (MDR) rate was 9.3%. Conclusion The drug resistant rate of is still high in Yunnan province,and TB control is still a long way to go. Early detection and regular treatment should be done for MDR patients. Drug resistance monitoring as an important part of TB control programs should be regular observation and research.

Objective To investigate the effect of blood specimen collection from umbilical vein catheter on catheter usage condition and relevant complications. Methods 80 premature infants with indwelling umbilical vein catheter were divided into the blood collection group and the non-blood collec-tion group, then the hospitalization time, catheter indwelling time and rate of catheter-related complications were compared. The 40 premature infants in the blood colleetion group were subsequently divided into the experimental group in which blood was collected from umbilical vein catheter and the control group in which blood was collected from peripheral blood vessel, then the blood collection time, success rate and influence on newborns were compared. Results There was no significant difference in hospitalization time, catheter indwelling time and rate of catheter-related complications between the blood collection group and the non-blood collection group. There was statistical significance in blood collection time, success rate and adverse reaction on suffering newborns between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusions There was no obvious influence on the regular service of the catheter if only the method is correct and operating procedure is normative, also it possesses advantages such as no pain, high success rate, peripheral vascular protection, etc. So, it can be used as one of the ways to collect blood speci-men for critical newborns.

AIM To establish an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of paeoniflorin,albiflorin,neochlorogenic acid,chlororogenic acid,catechin,epicatechin,ethyl gallate,danshensu,ferulic acid,caffeic acid,gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,protocatechualdehyde and rosmarinic acid in Yangxue Qingnao Granules (Angelicae sinensis Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Alba,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 20 ℃ thermostatic Waters Symmetry Shield RP C18 column (3.9 mm × 150 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1％ formic acid) flowing at 0.4 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Fourteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges,whose average recoveries were 85.5％-107.0％ with the RSDs of 2.0％-5.0％.CONCLUSION This simple,sensitive,accurate and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Yangxue Qingnao Granules.

Objective To study the effect of salidroside (Sal) on learning and memory abilities and expression of p75NTR signal transducers and Aβ in AD rat hippocampus.Methods Totally,ninety-six male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,model control group,Sal low,medium and high dose group,Hup-A group (16 rats in each group).Except for sham-operation group,AD model in the other group was established by slowly injecting 1μL(10 μg)Aβ1-40 in tobilateral hippocampal CA1 area.Sham-operation group was given the same volume of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution.Sal low,medium and high dose group took orally as early as 24 h postoperatively with salidroside 25,50,100 mg· kg-1 for 21days,while Hup-A group took 50 mg kg-1 of Hup-A orally.The same volume of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution was administrated in shanmoperation group and model control group.After administration,the learning and memory function of rats were tested by Morris water maze.The contents of Aβ in serum and hippacampus were determined by ELISA,and protein expression of p75NTR and p-JNK in the hippocampus of the rats were measured by ELISA.Results Compared with model control group,the latent time in water maze training of Sal low,medium and high dose groups were significantly shortened (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01),the number of times of crossing platform of Sal low,medium and high dose group was significantly increased.The contents of Aβ in the hippocampus and the protein expression levels of p75NTR and p-JNK in the hippocampus of Sal low,medium and high dose group were decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Salidroside has protective effects on learning and memory consolidation of dysmnesia rats caused by Aβ.Its mechanism might be related to inhibition of p75NTR regulation pathways for Aβ,reducing the neurotoxic effect of Aβ,so as to reduce cell apoptosis of hippocampus neuron.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of adult catch-up growth on insulin sensitivity and stress in rats, as well as the probable mechanism of insulin resistance. MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups:caloric restriction group ( R4, caloric restriction for 4 weeks) and normal controls for 4 weeks ( NC4 ) ; catchup growth group refed with normal chow( RN4, refeeding for 4 weeks after caloric restriction for 4 weeks), catch-up growth group refed with high-fat diet( RH4, refeeding for 4 weeks after caloric restriction for 4 weeks ), normal chow (NC8) or high-fat diet( HF8 ) controls for 8 weeks. The animal model of catch-up growth was devoloped by way of refeeding after caloric restriction as scheduled. The glucose infusion rate( GIR ), 2-deoxyglucose uptake and insulinsitmulated insulin signaling in skeletal muscle during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, plasma corticosterone, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ( 11β-HSD1 ) mRNA expression level in skeletal muscle were determined.ResultsAfter caloric restriction for 4 weeks, plasma corticosterone and 1 1 β-HSD1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle were significantly higher in R4 group compared with NC4 group( both P＜0. 05 ), but there were no differences in 2-deoxyglucose uptake and Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle between two groups. The plasma corticosterone and 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle in RN4 group were significantly higher than those in NC8 group, and were higher in RH4 group than those in NC8 and HF8 groups; while the 2-deoxyglucose uptake and insulin-stimulated Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle during the clamp in RN4 were remarkably lower than those in NC8 group, and were lower in RH4 than those in NC8, HF8, and RN4 groups (all P ＜ 0. 05 ).ConctusionsCatch-up growth rats refed with normal chow or high-fat diet are characterized by significant insulin resistance and stress in the whole body and skeletal muscle. These changes are more evident in catch-up growth rats refed with high-fat diet. The interaction of increased stress and diet might be of utmost importance in the etiology of insulin resistance in catch-up growth animals.

Objective:To observe the effects of continuous light exposure on skeletal muscle fiber type transformation and lipid metabolism, and to explore its internal relationship.Methods:Mice were randomly divided into normal light group and 24-hour continuous light group by random number table. The serum and skeletal muscle lipid content and urine 6-sulfatoxymelatonin(6-SML)level were detected by ELISA. The expression of circadian clock and lipid metabolism related genes mRNA were observed by realtime PCR. The muscle fiber type and lipid deposition were evaluated by tissue immunofluorescence as well as oil red O staining.Results:Compared with the normal light group, the level of 6-SML in urine at night decreased( P<0.05), and the expression level and rhythm of brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1(Bmal1), circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput(Clock), and period 2(Per2)mRNA in the skeletal muscle changed in continuous light group. In addition, the body weight, blood lipid, free fatty acid, and triglyceride contents of skeletal muscle in continuous light group increased significantly( P<0.05 or P<0.01), the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b (Cpt1b)mRNA, the key enzyme of fatty acid oxidation, decreased significantly( P<0.05), while the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase(Scd1)mRNA, a lipid synthesis related gene, increased significantly( P<0.01). Further immunofluorescence analysis showed that the proportion of slow muscle fibers decreased and that of fast muscle fibers increased in continuous light group(both P<0.05). Conclusion:The process of ectopic deposition of lipid in skeletal muscle in mice induced by continuous light exposure may be related to the remodeling of skeletal muscle fibers.

Objective To evaluate the safety of basillixirnab in pediatric liver transplantation (PLT).Methods Retrospectively,256 cases (hospitalized from Jan.2014 to Dec.2015) were divide into groups in terms of inclusion and exclusion criteria.A group of 137 children transplanted under tacrolimus-steroid as baseline immunosuppressants combined with basilliximab induction (basilliximab group),and a group of 84 PLT recipients were treated with a tacrolimus-steroid regimen (control group) were set up.Two groups were compared regarding rejection incidence,infectious complications,as well as the kidney function and electrolyte within the three months after operations.Results Infectious complications and rejection incidence were 32.8％ and 8.3％ in basilliximab group,versus 27.4％ and 14.3％ in control group (all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,calcium,potassium and phosphate between two groups.Conclusion Although basilliximab may decrease the rejection incidence,the effect is not significant.The main reason may be the small sample size,and further observation is still needed.

This article reports a quantitative analysis software system for myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). It can measure the signal intensity of grayscale images and power Doppler images, draw the time-intensity curves of variations on the intensity of microbubbles scattering in subendocardial layer and subepicardial layer with the pulsing intervals, and estimate the hemodynamic parameters by nonlinear regression analysis. This system has been applied to a study on 20 healthy volunteers, and the results suggest that the software has the capacity for bringing the quantitative analysis of MCE to success. The MCE software system conforms to the DICOM standard and can be integrated into PACS.
Adult ; Contrast Media ; Echocardiography ; methods ; Endocardium ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Male ; Microbubbles ; Software Design

Objective To explore the value ofspatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) technique in diagnosis of fetal ductus arteriosus aneurysm (DAA).Methods A total of 67 pregnant women,diagnosed with fetal ductus arteriosus aneurysm,were selected from the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,between September 2014 and September 2016.2DE and STIC techniques were used to observe the form of fetal ductus arteriosus aneurysm.STIC technique was used to measure the maximum diameter,minimum diameter,systolic peak velocity,and diastolic velocity of ductus arteriosus aneurysm in 40 cases caused by ductus arteriosus stenosis.Pearson linear correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter,systolic peak velocity and diastolic velocity.The maximum diameters of 67 ductus arteriosus aneurysm were measured by 2DE and STIC techniques,and the above measurements were repeated one week later.ICC was used to analyze the consistency between 2DE and STIC technique,and internal consistency of 2DE and STIC technique,respectively.Results Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that the maximum diameter of the DAA was negatively correlated with the minimum diameter (r=-0.755,P ＜ 0.001) significantly,and positively correlated with the systolic peak velocity (r=0.779,P ＜ 0.001) significantly.The internal consistency of STIC technique was the best of the three,followed by the consistency between 2DE and STIC techniques,with the 2DE,illustrating the lowest consistency.Conclusions STIC technique provides with more comprehensive and accurate volume data than 2DE in the diagnosis of fetal ductus arteriosus aneurysm.Thus,this technique is conducive to the early detection of ductus arterious stenosis,observation of hemodynamic changes,closely monitoring of relevant indicators to guide clinical timely intervention,and to improve the quality of life of children.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is one of the common complications of stroke,which has a significant impact on the life of patients.Studies have shown that the incidence of PSCI varies from region to region,and is correlated with demographic and vascular risk factors,or is significantly different due to stroke types and characteristics.The specific mechanism of PSCI remains unclear,but early identification of its risk factors is helpful for early intervention.This article reviews the risk factors of PSCI.