Based on the follow-up investigation made on the employment of university graduates in pharmacy,we analyzed the situation of their jobs,salary and their attitude towards pharmacy and suggested some mothods to promote the graduates employment and give the students the career guidance.Up to now,492 students have graduated,the first employment rate was 78%,and last employment rate was 100%.

Ex-RAD (ON01210) is a novel and efficient anti-radiation drug with low toxicity developed by US army and Onconova Pharmaceuticals in recent years. The significant survival advantage and low toxicity of Ex-RAD have contributed to the approval by the FDA as an investigational new drug in December 2008. Meanwhile, the drug is currently in phase I clinical trials in humans. In this paper, the chemical structure, synthesis route, detection method and pharmacological action of Ex-RAD were reviewed, and the appli-cation prospect of Ex-RAD was also explored.

The most toxic DNA damage is DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which are mainly repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) belongs to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related protein kinase family (PIKK) and plays a key role in NHEJ. DNA-PK is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cells and is related to the occurrence, development and drug resistance of malignant tumors. In this article, the representative DNA-PK inhibitors with anticancer effects are reviewed, in order to provide a reference to discovery novel DNA-PK inhibitors.

Background Posterior capsular opacification(PCO) is common complication after extrecapsular extract of cataract.Matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) can degrade all the extracellular matrix except polyose.The gene therapy of PCO upon MMP-3 is the researching hot topic.Fibronectin ( FN ) is a degrade gelatin,so its expression can reflect the effect of MMP-3 on LECs indirectly. Objective The aim of this study was to construct MMP-3 eukaryotic recombination plasmid and transfect to lens epithelium cells(LECs) for the observation of MMP3 expression,and to explore the feasibility of gene therapy for after cataract. Methods Six fresh lenses were obtained from pigs.LECs were cultured using explant method.The eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 was reconstructed with MMP-3 and pEGFP-N1 plasmids.The accuracy of MMP-3 gene fragment was confirmed by double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing analysis.After transfecting pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 into LECs of pig,the expression of MMP-3 protein in the cells was indirectly observed by green fluorescent protein.The expression of FN in LECs was detected using Western blot. Results The result of double enzyme digestion was consistent with the base number of pEGFP-N1 plasmids and target fragment.By enlacing the result of DNA sequencing analysis with software,the resemblance of the DNA sequence of MMP-3 from recombination plasmid pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 and that of homo MMP-3 was 99.6％,indicating that the target fragment was inserted to pEGFP-N1 plasmids successfully.Green fluorescence for GFP was seen in the LECs in pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 transfected group,but absent response for GFP was in empty vector group.Western blot revealed that the relative expression level of FN in LECs was 0.666±0.008 in pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 trasfected group and 0.326 ±0.071 in empty vector group,with a significant difference between these two groups(P=0.000). Conclusions Eukaryotic recombination plasmid pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 is successfully constructed,and MMP-3 can be expressed in LECs after transfected.These results lay a foundation for the further research of MMP-3 gene therapy for PCO.

Animals ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; physiology ; Humans ; Osteocalcin ; metabolism

Background Human paired box gene 6 (PAX6)encodes a transcriptional regulator.It is essential for eye and brain morphogenesis.Mutation of PAX6 gene isresponsible for many congenital ocular malformations,such as aniridia.Aniridia is a autosomal dominant inheritance mode.Objective In this study,PAX6 gene mutation was analyzed in three Chinese families with aniridia through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing.Methods The blood specimens were collected from 5 suffers and normal individuals of 3 aniridia families to extract DNA.The sequences of extron 4-13 were designed based on PAX6 gene.The primer was amplified by PCR and sequenced and compared with the known PAX6 gene sequence.This study complied with Declaration of Helsinki and approved by ethic committee of Sichuan University.Written informed consent was obtained from each individual before any medial examination.ResultsThere were 5 suffers in the 3 families.A heterozygous mutation (c.718 C＞T) in PAX6 gene was identified in 2 patients of family A.This mutation caused an amino acid substitution of arginine to termination codon at position 240 ( p.Arg240X) of PAX6 protein.No similar change in the normal families.No any the alteration of PAX6 gene was detected in family B whatever suffers and normal individuals.In family C,a deletion mutation of c.331 delG ( p.Val111 SerfsX13 ) in PAX6 gene was found.The deletion of one base caused frame shift mutation of PAX6 protein,and no such mutation was seen in other families.Conclusions Mutation of PAX6 gene appeares to be causative mutations of the disease in family A and C.

Objective To assess and optimize the dosage regimens of nor-vancomycin in patients with different renal functions.Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) distribution was determined by agar dilution method with the target value of AUC 0-24/MIC≥638.Ten thousand cases in virtue of Monte Carlo simulation were performed in dif-ferent doses to obtain probabilities of target attainment ( PTA) and cumu-lative fractions of response ( CFR ) in patients with different renal func-tions.Results For the patients with normal renal function , when En-terococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were treated with recommen-ded dose , from 0.8 to 1.6 g· d-1 , the CFR were lower than 59.77%.The CFR could reach to 83.95%and 73.10%when the dose was adjus-ted to 2.5 g· d -1.For the patients with moderate renal function insuffi-ciency , the CFR could reach to 82.81% at the dose of 0.8 g · d -1 against Enterococcus faecalis.The CFR could reach from 73.10% to 86.84%at the dose from 0.8 to 2.5 g · d-1 in the process of treating Enterococcus faecium.For the patients with severe renal function insuffi-ciency , the CFR could reach to 97.77% and 85.90% respectively a-gainst Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.Conclusion Monte Carlo simulation provides dosage regimens and the norvancomycin regimen is complemented and optimized.

BACKGROUNDOssification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) has a strong genetic background. Previous studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and BMP2 mRNA are expressed in ossifying matrix and chondrocytes adjacent to cartilaginous areas of OPLL tissues and mesenchymal cells with fibroblastic features in the immediate vicinity of the cartilaginous areas. It is suggested that BMP2 plays different roles in the different stages of development of OPLL. However, it remains unknown which factors induce ligament cells to produce BMP2.

METHODSOPLL patients (n = 192) and non-OPLL controls (n = 304) were studied. Radiographs of the cervical spine were analyzed for extent of OPLL. We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of exons 3 (-726) T/C and 3 (-583) A/G in the BMP2 gene are statistically associated with genetic susceptibility to OPLL in Chinese Han subjects.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference between the occurrence of exons 3 (-726) T/C and 3 (-583) A/G and the occurrence of OPLL in the cervical spine. However, there was a significant association between occurrence of exon 3 (-726) T/C polymorphism and occurrence of OPLL in males of cases and controls in the cervical spine. In addition, no significant association was found between the exons 3 (-726) T/C and 3 (-583) A/G with number of ossified cervical vertebrae in OPLL patients.

CONCLUSIONSExon 3 (-583) A/G polymorphism in BMP2 gene is not associated with the occurrence and the extent of OPLL in the cervical spine. Chinese Han male patients with TC and CC genotypes in exon 3 (-726) T/C have genetic susceptibility to OPLL but not to more extensive OPLL in the cervical spine.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; genetics ; China ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

BACKGROUNDRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune inflammatory disorder. Many methods have been used to observe the progress of RA. The purpose of this study was to observe the progress of RA in rats with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and arthritis score, and analyze the relationships among different methods in evaluation of RA.

METHODSSixteen healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats about 8-week old were randomly assigned to a RA group and a control group. Bovine type II emulsified incomplete Freud's adjuvant was used to induce arthritis in the RA group. Arthritis score of the rats in two groups were recorded, and (18)F-FDG PET/CT, MR imaging were performed both on the corresponding rats every 3 days. All the rats were sacrificed at week 5, and histopathological examination was performed on rat knees stained with haematoxylin and eosin.

RESULTSThe arthritis score and the standard uptake value (SUV) of knee joints in RA rats increased with the progression of arthritis gradually. Both peaks of arthritis score and SUV appeared at 21 days after the first immune injection, then the arthritis score and SUV of knee joints decreased slowly. The arthritis scores of knee joints in RA rats were positively correlated with their SUV changes. The MR images were confirmed by the histopathological studies.

CONCLUSIONPET/CT can detect the earliest molecular metabolism changes of RA, and MR imaging can follow up the dynamical anatomical changes of RA, all of which indicated that PET/CT and MR imaging may be applied as useful tools to monitor the progress of RA.

Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo screen the mutation of the beta and gamma subunits of epithelial sodium channel gene SCNN1 in two families with Liddle's syndrome.

METHODSTwo patients clinically diagnosed as Liddle's syndrome and their family members were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were collected and total genomic DNA was prepared. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the exon 13 of the SCNN1B and SCNN1G gene. PCR products were purified and subjected to direct DNA sequencing.

RESULTSA heterozygous nonsense mutation at codon 564 of the SCNN1B gene from CGA(Arg) to stop codon(TGA) was detector in the proband of family 1. More importantly, a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation of CAG(Gln) to stop codon TAG at codon 567 of the SCNN1G gene was detected in the proband and another two members of family 2.

CONCLUSIONScreening for specific mutations of the SCNN1 gene in relatives of patients with Liddle's syndrome can be used to identify the previously unrecognized cases within the family. A new nonsense mutation(Q567X) of the SCNN1G gene is likely the cause of Liddle's syndrome in family 2.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Epithelial Sodium Channels ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Liddle Syndrome ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Young Adult