Obesity has been widely accepted as a metabolic disease and its occurrence is closely related to the genetics, environment, and inflammation. Up to now, body mass index is still regarded as the standard diagnostic criterion for obesity. It has not been revised for decades and could not meet the needs of clinical diagnosis and demands for specific treatment at present. In 2013, the concept of metabolic obesity was introduced at the American Diabetes Association ( ADA) annual conference, and it was further proposed that obesity should be classified according to the metabolic status and its related complications at the 2014 American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists ( AACE) annual conference. This means that scientists and clinicians have realized that the etiology of obesity may vary with different outcomes, the treatment should be focused on the metabolic regulation, not merely on weight loss. With years of clinical practice and research in obesity, we have observed and treated numerous obese patients, and we have found that obesity has a lot of phenotypes and clinical features which are related to the metabolic status. Based on our clinical findings, combined with the experience of Chinese traditional medicine, we now propose a new clinical classification and diagnosis of obesity based on individuals′ metabolic status, which, we believe, can facilitate clinicians′practice. Based on the metabolic status and skin features of obese patients, obesity is divided into metabolic healthy obesity (‘white obesity’) and metabolic unhealthy obesity. Then, the latter is further divided into three groups including high metabolic obesity (‘red obesity’ ) , low metabolic obesity (‘yellow obesity’ ) , and severe metabolic disorder with inflammation obesity (‘black obesity’ ) . If we also consider to add normal weight metabolic obesity to this classification, there should be five types of obesity to be classified as presented. We wish this proposed classification of obesity can play a valuable role in enabling clinicians to have a better understanding of obesity in relation to its metabolism, and to develop individualized treatment according to the metabolic status of the patient. As a result, we may finally achieve the desired outcomes through making appropriate diagnosis and treatments.

Objective To investigate MVD, TSP-1, TGF-?1 expression in GH-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas by immunohistochemistry, and to correlate data with clinical characteristics.Methods The protein expression of TSP-1, TGF-?1 in 48 surgical specimens (21 invasive cases; 27 non-invasive cases) of pituitary adenomas was measured using immunohistochemical method. The relationship between the expression and clinical properties was examined. MVD was measured by detecting CD34.Results Compared with the noninvasive group, no difference of expression of CD34(t=2.257; P=0.083) was observed. The expression of TSP-1 in invasive group was low. The expression of TGF-?1 was higher in invasive cases than that in noninvasive ones. The expression of TGF-?1 had positive correlations with MVD; but there was no correlation between the expression of CD34 and the invasion of pituitary adenomas. In addition, MVD count was not associated with the expression of TSP-1. Size, sex or rate of recurrence did not influence MVD and TSP-1 expression. Conclusion MVD values do not necessarily represent angiogenesis in pituitary adenomas. TGF-?1 may increase MVD, and TSP-1 does not affect MVD in pituitary adenomas and angiogenesis may be regulated by other pathway.

Humans ; Methyl Ethers ; toxicity ; Occupational Exposure

Comet Assay

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for the determination of 33 kinds of pesticide residues in Panax ginseng C.A.Mey by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. METHODS： The 53 chemical monomers of 33 pesticide residues clearly prohibited by the Chinese ministry of agriculture were selected as the detection indicators. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile by high speed homogenizer. An LC-MS/MS analysis was performed on a CORTECSTM UPLC C18(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.6 μm) column with isocratic elution of 0.1% formic acid (containing 5 mmol•L-1 ammonium formate) is mobile phase A, 95% acetonitrile(containing 5 mmol•L-1 ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid)is mobile phase B.Electrospray ionization(ESI)source was applied by positive ionization in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)modes. GC-MS/MS analysis was performed on a DM17ms(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm)capillary column with electron impact(EI)source, electron impact (EI) source was applied by positive ionization in multiple reaction monitoring modes (MRM). RESULTS: The correlation coefficient r of 33 pesticide residues showed good linearity in the linear range of 2 to 20 ng•mL-1 was greater than 0.990 0. The average recoveries at spiked levels of low level and high level (0.01 and 0.04 mg•kg-1), repeat 5 times per level. The average recovery was 87.57%-120.98%, and the RSD was between 1.45%-14.03%. CONCLUSION： The method can quickly and effectively detect pesticide residues in ginseng.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; immunology ; Young Adult

Recent concerns about the gradual depletion of conventional fossil resources and the pressure from global climate change have accentuated the need for new alternative feedstock. As one of the main components in biomass, lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose, and has the potential to serve as a sustainable source of energy and organic carbon to replace petroleum-based chemicals. Efficient conversion of lignin into high value-added chemicals is crucial to improve the economic feasibility of biomass refinery. In the present study, several pretreatment technologies on industrial lignin were carried out to enhance phenol production. A microwave irradiation assisted biphasic reaction system was used to convert pretreated industrial lignin into phenolic compounds. Lignin conversion, reaction temperature, time and pretreatment method, were optimized. The highest phenol yield was 8.14% obtained from lignin pretreated by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate at 400 W for 60 min in a biophasic system catalyze by 1-aminoethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
Biofuels ; Biomass ; Biotransformation ; Catalysis ; Imidazoles ; chemistry ; Lignin ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Temperature

Ultrasound biomicroscopy is an important ultrasound medical instrument and primary used in ophthalmology.The article design a probe of ultrasound biomicroscopy which is Portable, Low power consumption and High performance. Which can be used when plug in the computer USB interface.
Equipment Design ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; Ophthalmology

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness among computed tomography-guided aspiration.minimally invasive microsurgery and conventional craniotomy on patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and their quality of life separately.Then to study the cost-effectiveness of the 3 surgical procedures. Methods One hundred and five patients with intracerebral hemorrhages were randomized into 3 groups:conventional group,stereotactic group and key-hole group.Karnofsky Performance Status Scale was examined 3 months after operation,and the cost of hospitahzation was calculated separately,then the cost-effectiveness was compared using cost-utility analysis. Results Costs of 3 procedures were 9741 yuan,7957 yuan and 13256 yuan separately,and Karnofsky Performance Status Scale were 59.7,63.7 and 50.3 separately.When self-care case was achieved in all conventional group,the stereotactic group and key-hole group need to remedy 51 eases and 10 cases separately.and the total cost was 496819 yuan for stereotactic group and 79575 yuan for key-hole group. Conclusions Minimally invasive microsurgery is optimal treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage.

The X-ray computed tomography (CT) appearance of 4 cases with pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) diagnosed by pathological examination in our hospital was retrospectively analyzed. The appearances of PC on CT were various: solitary lesion in 1 case, multiple lesions in single lobe in 2, and multiple lesions in multiple lobes in 1. There were total 52 lesions in 4 cases; the diameter of nodules or masses was 3 - 75 mm. Cavitations were found in 1 case; lesions appeared obviously enhanced and one lesion showed central necrosis. Two cases underwent pulmonary lobectomy; and 2 cases received core cutting needle biopsies, after antifungal therapy for 3 months to 1 year the lesions showed being absorbed. In summary, the CT appearance of PC is non-specific with various modes and forms. PC should be considered when multiple nodules or masses scattered in subpleural zone, accompanied with ground-glass opacity and obviously enhanced. The examination of pathogen and pathology at the beginning is crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy.