BACKGROUND: There were disadvantages of animal models in the study of the relationship of muscle and skeleton. Recent study has been demonstrated the effect of Botulinum toxin type A to atrophy local muscle without influencing the surrounding muscle.OBJECTIVE: To construct a reasonable animal model of local muscle atrophy by local injection of Botulinum toxin type A.METHODS: Totally 25 male Wistar rats of 4 months were subjected to ketamine (0.2 mL/kg) and Sumianxin (0.2 mL/kg) by intramuscular injection. A 0.5-cm incision was made on the middle of dorsal femur to expose quadriceps femoris. Right quaddceps femods was injected with 2 Units (0.2 mL) of Botulinum toxin type A, and left quaddcaps femoris of the same rat with the same amount of saline as controls. At 1, 2, 4, 8, 8 weeks after injection, 5 rats were used to take gross observation and histological examination.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gross observation of the muscle tissue showed that, compared with self-controlled group, the volume and weight of the quadriceps femods were decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The histological examination of muscle tissue showed the atrophy of the quadricaps femods from expedmental group was more obvious, the muscle fiber become thin,and the nuclei of the muscle fiber assemble together, with small distance betWeen muscle fibers. Weight of the quadricaps femods treated with Botulinum toxin type A was decreased at 1 and 2 weeks. The increase in weight of muscle was slow among muscle at 4, 6 and 8 weeks. The muscle weight showed an increased tendency in the saline side at vadous time points. Injecting Botulinum toxin type A into local muscle is a reasonable way to set up an experimental model of the atrophy of a destination muscle with strong practice, good repeatability, high stability, and may be used to examine the relationship of muscle and skeleton.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only treatment method to cure hemato-logic malignancies. However, dififculty in obtaining the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match donors is a major lim-itation in this therapeutic strategy. Many studies have demonstrated that umbilical cord blood is rich in hematopoietic stem cells and can be used as a source of stem cells of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Growing evidence also supports the efifcacy of cord blood transplantation (CBT) to treat patients with haematological malignancies, and the number of CBTs is rapidly increasing. Compared to other sources of stem cells, umbilical cord blood is physical cryo-preserved. Therefore, it is very convenient for transplantation, particular for those who need to receive transplantation sooner. In addition, the incidence and severity of graft versus host disease(GVHD) in CBT are usually relatively lower. Herein, we review considerations regarding status, research progresses and selection of umbilical cord blood in CBT.

Maspin,one kind of tumor suppressor gene,belongs to the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) ultra family's member.Recent studies found that it suppresses the tumor occurrence and development and has the inhibition of tumor metastasis through suppressing the tumor angiogenesis and increasing the cell adhesion,which may be a new way for gene therapy.

Poly ADP ribose polymerases (PARP) play an important role in DNA damage repair and genome stability.So,PARP inhibitors can inhibit the DNA damage repairing of tumor cells and enhance the sensitivity of the DNA of tumor cells to damage factors.In recent years,PARP inhibitors have been more and more concerned.PARP inhibitors can kill tumor cells with certain genetic mutations alone by synthetic lethal effect.In addition,PARP inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy can increase the sensi tivity of tumor cells to the chemotherapy or radiotherapy.PARP inhibitors are expected to play an important role in cancer therapy.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are non-hematopoietic, multipotent progenitor cells which can be isolated from various human adult tissues. In recent years, MSC have been shown to possess broad immunoregulatory function and tissue regeneration. This review discusses mesenchymal stem cells in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including disorders as diverse as acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, graft failure, pure red cell aplasia, autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, hemorrhagic cystitis.

Spine metastasis stereotactic body radiation therapy delivers conformal high radiation dose to the tumor target, and steep falloff dose gradients protect adjacent normal structures, especially spinal cord. Some studies demonstrated stereotactic body radiation therapy for metastatic tumors of the spine is safe and clinically effective. This technique markedly improved local control with an excellent symptomatic response compared with conventional external beam radiation therapy techniques, and is beginning to change the treatment paradigms for metastatic spine disease both as post-operative adjuvant therapy and primary definitive local treatment. Although the technique is being increasingly used in clinical practice, the optimal fractionation schedule remains uncertain. Based on the research of radiobiologic principles, radiological physics and clinical data, multiple session stereotactic body radiation therapy has some advantage in clinic.

Objective hole.Research demonstrated that amnion promotes the proliferation of and its mechanism.Methodswhite rabbit.The cells were primarily cultured and passaged in DM/F12 with 10% fetal bovine serum and identified with glial fibrillary acidic using 0.25% trypsin and 0.05%EDTA and suspended in 10% fetal bovine serum+DMEM/F12.0.5 mL of the amnion supernatant was added to the medium for 12 hours.The expression of EGFR in the cells was detected by immunohistochemistry.The difference of EGFR expression with or without the amnion was evaluated.ResultsCultured cells showed a positive response for GFAP and S-100.The intermediate filaments with a length of 8-10 nm were exhibited under the transmission electron microscope.EGFR was fainly expressed in cultured hours,the expression of EGFR was obviously increased with a significant difference in the gray scale between the two groups(571 588.80±67 862.68 vs.1 000 352.00±98 386.22)(t=4.035,P＜0.01).Conclusion

Objective To investigate risk factors and characteristics of the pathogens for hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP) in elderly psychiatric patients Methods Data were collected from 259 psychiatric patients aged over 60 hospitalized between January 2012 and December 2014,and risk factors for HAP and characteristics of the pathogens were analyzed.Results The incidence of HAP in the elderly psychiatric patients was 40.4％.Main risk factors for HAP included long-term bed rest,dysphagia,specific types of mental illness,underlying comorbidities,length of hospitalization,psychiatric medications,and age.A total of 137 pathogenic microbialstrains were isolated,of which,Gram-negative species accounted for 55.47％,with 32.12 ％ as Gram-positive species and 12.41 ％ as fungal species.Conclusions The main risk factors for HAP in elderly psychiatric patients are long-term bed rest,dysphagia,specific types of mental illness,underlying comorbidities,length of hospitalization,psychiatric medications,and age.The most common pathogens are Gram-negative microorganisms,followed by Gram-positive microorganisms and fungi.It is very important to take proactive measures to prevent the occurrence of HAP and improve prognosis.

Objective To investigate effects of maintenance hemodialysis with citrate-bicarbonate dialysate on Th17 in peripheral blood of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods The CRF patients (n=57) with main-tenance hemodialysis for more than three months as well as free-active infection were selected and divided into two groups randomly, which were treated by citrate-bicarbonate dialysate and ordinary carbonate dialysate for mainte-nance dialysis in 12 month, respectively. The levels of interleulin-17 (IL-17) and percentages of Th17 subgroup in peripheral blood were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometer, respectively. ResultsThe levels of IL-17 and percentages of Th17 subgroup in patients treated with citrate-bicarbonate dialysate for more than six months were significantly lower than those treated with ordinary carbonate dialysate. Moreover, incidences of adverse reactions in group of citrate bicarbonate dialysate were lower than those of common carbonate dialysate group. Conclusion The pro-inflammatory effects of maintenance hemodialysis with citrate-bicarbonate dialysate on the patients are lower than those of ordinary carbonate dialysate. Citrate-bicarbonate dialysate causes the reduction of inflammatory state, and is worthy of being popularized in clinic.