Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) are often complicated by a variety of central nervous system and peripheral neuropathy, which are complex, varied, and with serious complications of kidney failure at the end stage. In recent years, due to the blood dialysis method, organ transplantation and other methods, some neurological compli-cations associated with these treatments. Therefore, analysis and identification of complications in CRF patients are of great significance and can improve the survival rate. Common complications were analyzed and evaluated in this pa-per, for which can provide the basis for improvement of the diagnosis and treatment for renal failure.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of atorvastatin in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction and observe the clinical impact of blood rheology. Methods 120 cases of patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into 60 cases of treatment group and 60 cases of control group. The control group got conventional treatment (compound Danshen injection, Edaravone Ozagrel injection and intravenous drip injection Note, oral enteric - coated aspirin tablets, etc. ). The pationts in treatment group were given atorvastatin calcium based on the conventional treatment. Patients in the two groups were treated for 3 months. The clinical efficacy and blood rheology indicators were observed. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P

11 patients with chronic hepatitisB virus(HBV)infection were studiedby enumeration of T cell subsetsin peripheral blood withStaphylococco-SRBC DoubleRosette Forming Technique.It was found that T_3~+ cell subsetwas higher and T_4/T_8 ratio was sig-nificantly lower in patients withchronic HBV infection than in con-rol and higher numbers of doublelabeled cells (expressing both T_4 andT_8 antigens) were also found in pa-tients with chronic HBV infection.

Objective To determine whether pancreatic ductal preservation(pancreatic ductal injection of sparing TIUW solution at the time of pancreas procurement)can improve islet yield and function after cold preservation of pancreas.Methods Pancreases were classified into five groups:fresh pancreases(group1 ,n= 10);preserved for 6 hr in TIUW solution without and with pancreatic ductal preservation by TIUW solution(group2, n=10 and group3, n = 10);preserved for 24 hr in TIUW solution without and with pancreatic ductal preservation by TIUW solution(group4 ,n= 10 and group5,n= 10).Dithizon(DTZ)staining was used to identify islet morphous and yield, trypan blue uptake(TBU)was used to assess the nonviability of islets, the insulin secretory response to glucose was used to evaluate islet function in vitro, islet transplantation was used to determine islet function in vivo.Results Islet yields per pancreas after purification in group 1 to 5 were 590± 127, 272 ± 50,454 ± 65, 253± 56, 447 ± 66(islet equivalent ± SD), respectively.Percentage of nonviable islets in grouplto5were(5.7±4.2)%,(18.3±6.5)%,(11.7±4.2)%,(26.3±5.6)%,(15.0±5.3)%.Stimulation index in group 1 to 5 were 7.32±2.32, 4.81±1.17, 7.56±2.44, 2.88±1.00, 5.71±1.90.Cure rates in group 1 to 5 were 100%, 0%, 100%, 0%, 70%.In this study, the differences were significant between control groups and experimental groups(P＜0.05, group 2 vs.group3 and group4 vs.group5).Conclusion The pancreatic ductal preservation can improve islet yield and function.

Objective To investigate the correlation of homoeysteine (Hcy) and blood glucose level with type 2 diabetic fundus lesions.Methods Sixty patients with type 2 diabetic fundus lesions were selected and grouped as the diabetic fundus lesions group from February of 2011 to October of 2012,and 40 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited as the diabetes group,40 healthy volunteer were recruited as the control group.Glycosylated hemoglobin Alc(HbAlc),fasting blood glucose(FBG),homocysteine(Hcy) and total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of the three groupwere measured and compared.Results Compared with the control group,Hcy in the diabetic fundus lesions group and the diabetic group were significantly higher than the control group ((17.6 ± 4.7) μmol/L,(13.3 ± 2.9) μmol/L vs.(7.3 ± 1.8) μmol/L),and as well as HbA1 c ((11.3 ±2.7)％,(9.2±1.4)％ vs.(4.0±1.1)％),FBG ((11.5 ±3.4) μmol/L,(10.1 ±2.1) μmol/Lvs.(4.2 ±1.7) μmol/L)and TC((6.7 ±1.1) mmol/L,(5.1 ±1.0) mmol/L vs.(4.4±0.8) mmol/L) (F=5.091,5.107,6.017,5.813,P =0.043,0.036,0.032,0.040 respectively).The Hcy,TC,TG,FBG and HbAlc of type 2 diabetic fundus lesions with I stage were the lowest,and the stage of type 2 diabetic fundus lesions was relevant with the level of Hcy,TC,TG,FBG and HbAlc,which were different significantly (F =5.418,5.524,4.971,5.713 respectively,P =0.038,0.041,0.042,0.040 respectively).Conclusion The serum Hcy and blood glucose are risk factors to type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Lowering Hcy concentration and reducing the glucose may be a new way to prevent the occurrence of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

The organic acidemia/aciduria is one of the most common inherited metabolic disorders in clinic,more than 50 species have been found until now.The illness is believed to be caused by gene mutation,leading to the reduction or loss of enzyme activity and the accumulation of carboxylic acid and its metabolites.The manifestations of increased blood organic acids include refractory metabolic acidosis,paroxysmal vomiting,feeding difficulties,hypotonia,convulsions and disturbance of consciousness.Most of the organic acidemia begins in neonatal period or infancy,accompanied by progressive neurological damages at most of the time.There are little specific clinical features can be found in this kind of diseases,therefore,early diagnosis and treatment must be initiated in order to decrease risk of neurological induries and damages or acute deaths.So application of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry is important to the early diagnosis,helpful for improving the outcomes and reducing child mortality.

Urea cycle disorder is a common inherited metabolic disorder,and it is the most common genetic cause of hyperammoniema in children.The illness is believed to be caused by gene mutation of six main enzymes in urea cycle,leading to ammonia,which is produced by amino acid catabolism,can't conver to urea through the urea cycle and be discharged through the urine.The manifestations of hyperammonemia turn out to be disorders of brain function (refusing to milk,vomiting,drowsiness,coma,convulsions,ataxia,aggressive behaviors).The incidence of this disease is 1/30 000.At the same time,the severity of the clinical symptoms is connected with the extent of the enzymes defects.More serious the enzymes defected,the earlier and worse the disease onsets.Some children with mild enzyme defects may intermittently attack or have a delay onset.Serious nervous system injuries can be found in hyperammonernia,therefore,early diagnosis and treatment must be ensured in order to decrease risk of mental injuries and damages or acute deaths.

OBJECTIVE:To explore consumers’perceptions for pharmaceutical care by community pharmacist when purchas-ing OTC drugs. METHODS:Semi-structured interview was conducted for 100 consumers who were recruited in Xingqing District, Jinfeng District and Xixia District of Yinchuan,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,their expection for pharmaceutical care by com-munity pharmacists was summarized. RESULTS:Totally 100 residents were interriewed,and 97 completed a full interview with ef-fective interview rate of 97%. Consumers still did not clearly on distinguishing the OTC drugs. The majority of consumers chosen OTC drugs were based on experience and brand,a handful of consumers were under the guidance of community pharmacists. Con-sumers were most concerned about the efficacy,adverse reactions and drug quality in using OTC drugs. Most consumers were not satisfied with the pharmaceutical care in purchasing OTC drugs. Nevertheless,due to a lack of medicine knowledge,consumer had a great demand for pharmaceutical care and willingness to accept it. Low professional level of community pharmacist and staff in current community pharmacy and lack of effective communication between pharmacist and consumer were the obstacles of develop-ing pharmaceutical care. CONCLUSIONS:Because of their distrust on competence of community pharmacist,consumers seek less pharmaceutical care of OTC drugs at community pharmacy though they had expectations on pharmaceutical care of OTC drugs by community pharmacist. Consumers’rely on self-choice of drugs make them exposed to more drug risks.

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a similar diet fasting state that is high in fat and low carbohydrate.KD is used in the treatment of refractory epilepsy,but the mechanism is not completely clear.According to the current research progress,the mechanism of KD is antiepilepsy.This paper reviewed the progress of the application of KD in the elucidation of several metabolic diseases and epilepsy syndrome caused by epilepsy.With the further development of the antiepilepsy mechanism of KD in the future,it will not only guide the application of more diseases,but also provide a scientific theoretical basis for the discovery of new antiepileptic drugs.

Four compounds have been isolated from Sargassum fusiforme(HaTv. ) Setch. collected in the south Zhejiang province of China. Among these compounds the structures of three have been deduced as mannitol, fucosterol and saringosterol on the basis of chemical and IR,NMR,MS spectral data.