OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of infectious diseases and diagnostic and therapeutic conditions in pediatric department of a general hospital,and try to find out the measures to decrease hospital infection.METHODS From Jan 2004 to Dec 2005,507 cases of infectious diseases were retrospectively analyzed in pediatric department of our hospital.RESULTS Among them epidemic parotitis,infectious diarrhea and bacillary dysentery were 56.2%,20.1%,and 17.4%,respectively.Others were measles,scarlet fever,rebella,viral hepatitis,epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis,typhoid,and syphilis.Among the cases,the most were outpatients.CONCLUSIONS Because the species of infectious diseases are various and the amount are large,the pediatric department is important in a general hospital for management of hospital infection.Strengthening the standardized management of pediatric infectious diseases and taking strong measures may play the important role in control the cross infection.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) combined with partially deproteinized bone (PDPB) (aFGF/PDPB) well promotes avascularization in animals with early-stage avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH), but the histological results remain unknown.OBJECTIVE: To observe the histological repairing effects of aFGF/PDPB on early-stage ANFH in rabbits. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were established models of bilateral ANFH and were randomly divided into a blank group, a simple PDPB group, and an aFGF/PDPB group. PDPB and aFGF/PDPB bone were implanted into the PDPB and aFGF/PDPB group accordingly. The blank group did not receive any implantation. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery, all animals were sacrificed for histological examination to observe the osteogenesis by hematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Defects were filled with granulation tissues and fibrous connective tissues, only a little osteoid tissue formed at the borderline in the blank group at the end of the 8th week. In the PDPB group, a little new bone and cavitas medullaris formed. At 8 weeks, lots of graft was absorbed and cavitas medullaris formed with more osteoplasts and myeloid cells in it. The osteogenesis in the aFGF/PDPB group was better than that of PDPB group in each time point. At 4 weeks, the transplanted cavity was filled with osteoid tissues, a lot of osteogenic precursor cells and osteoblasts could be seen. Plenty of micrangium was observed, and osteoid tissues began to rebuild. At 8 weeks, the graft was replaced by bone tissues, and cavitas medullaris were formed with lots of bone marrow cells in it. At the borderline of the bone trabecula, there were lots of osteoplast and little osteoclasts, which may play a role in bone remodeling. There were mature bone cells in bone lacuna. Results indicate that aFGF/PDPB has better repair effect on rabbit model of ANFH than that of simple PDPB.

Speeding up the training of quality personnel in clinical medicine is an important historic mission of clinicians. Practice has proven that the training, growth and maturity of quality clinical personnel are inseparable from clinical practice. Thus, firstly, clinical workers must, in accordance with the goals of training, rigorously enforce process management, including implementation of the training regulations, strict assessments, and cultivation of abilities in doing scientific research and writing up research papers. Secondly, the overall quality of postgraduates must be enhanced. Thirdly, files of postgraduates must be set up. Fourthly, experience in training academic degree postgraduates in clinical medicine should be constantly summed up, including ways of strengthening organization and control and clarifying goals and requirements

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical characteristics of cefepime-induced neurotoxicity and to provide reference for rational use of cefepime.METHODS:Medical records of cefepime-induced neurotoxicity were collected from medical literatures from 1997 to 2009.Age and gender of 46 patients,primary diseases,drug usage,onset time of ADR,clinical symptom and prognosis were analyzed.RESULTS:Of 46 patients,25 cases were male and 21 female.Their average age was (59.56?18.84) years old (unknown age of 1 case).38 cases received cefepime alone and 8 cases cefepime combined with other drugs.All patients were administered by intravenous infusion.Of 46 patients,32 patients suffered from chronic renal failure,among which 10 patients received overdosage of medicine (unknown dosage of 1 case).Clinical symptoms of cefepime-induced neurotoxicity were encephalopathy,myoclonus and epilepsy.The occurrence time of neurotoxicity was (4.39?2.18)d (unknown occurrence time of 2 cases).The symptoms of 36 cases were relieved and cured after drug withdrawal and treatment with mean cure duration of (2.67?2.64)d.CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to the antibacterial effects of cefepime and cefepime-induced neurotoxicity.

Objective To investigate relationship between atrial septal thickness and atrial function by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE). Methods TEE and automatic bound detection (ABD) were performed in 83 consecutive sinus rhythm subjects including four groups: control group, nonrheumatic heart disease group, rheumatic mild mitral stenosis group and rheumatic severe mitral stenosis group. Results Atrial septal thickness(AST)and atrial septal thickness fraction (ASTF) were different in various heart diseases. There was high correlation respectively between left atrial diameter(LAD) and AST(r= -0.601 8 ,P

Objective:To establish a GC-MS method for the simultaneous determination of 16 phthalate ester plasticizers in oral liquid preparations, compare the purification effect of liquid preparations by liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction and opti-mize the operating parameters to determine the optimal experimental conditions. Methods:The samples were operated by liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction, respectively. Selective ion monitor ( SIM) was adopt, phthalate esters were identified by the rela-tive abundance of major characteristic ions and the content was determined by an external standard method. Results:When the samples were operated by liquid-liquid extraction, the interference was strong with many impurity peaks. Therefore, the solid phase extraction was adopted for the sample pretreatment. GC-MS was used to detect the residues of 16 phthalate ester plasticizers in oral liquid prepara-tions. The detection limit was 0. 02μg·g-1 ,while the calibration curve showed good linearity within the range of 0. 25-8. 0μg·ml-1 with the correlation coefficient between 0. 990 7 and 0. 999 8. The average recoveries were 76. 0%-95. 4%. The relative standard devi-ations were between 2. 3% and 9. 6%(n=6). Conclusion: Pretreated by solid phase extraction, the residues of 16 phthalate ester plasticizers in oral liquid preparations can be detected by GC-MS with the properties of simple, fast, precise and sensitive, and it is suitable for the determination of phthalate esters in oral liquid preparations.

BACKGROUND: Chondroitin sulfate is the important component of cell matrix, it can accelerate the proliferation of tumor cells and restrain its ransfer.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of chondroitin sulfate on the proliferation and differentiation of HL60 cells under the action of adriamycin.DESIGN: An open experiment.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Qingdao University.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the Research Room of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Qingdao University of September 2003 to December 2004. Experimental materials and reagents: HL60 cell strains, which were the cells from promylocytic leukemia, were purchased from Shanghai Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Bovine cartilage chondroitin sulfate (Sigma) was also used.METHODS: ① After the passage and culture, the cells at the logarithmic proliferative phase were dispensed into cell suspension of 1×108 L-1 with RPMI1640 culture medium containing inactivated fetal bovine serum of 0.1in volume fraction, and then filled into the culture bottles with 4 mL in each bottle for a total of 45 bottles. ② Chondroitin sulfate was added to 15 bottles filled with cell suspension according to the concentrations of 0, 5,25, 50 and 75 mg/L respectively, and 3 bottles for each concentration, and 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH7.2) was added in the blank control group. Then the density of HL60 cells was determined by cell counting after treatment of chondroitin sulfate. ③ Thirty bottles filled with cell suspension were divided into chondroitin sulfate+adriamycin group and chondroitin sulfate group, 15 bottles in each group. Chondroitin sulfate of 0, 5,25, 50 and 75 mg/L was added to the two groups, and 3 bottles for each concentration, and 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH7.2) wass adokd in the blank control group. Then the survival rate of chondroitin sulfate treated HL60 was detected after adding adriamycin. ④ Chondroitin sulfate was added to 15 bottles filled with cell suspension according to the concentrations of 0, 5, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L respectively, and 3 bottles for each concentration, 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH7.2) was added in the blank control group. The activity of acid phosphatase was detected with enzymelinked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) in each group, and the effect of the cell differentiation was observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Effects of chondroitin sulfate on the proliferation of HL60 cells; ② Effects of chondroitin sulfate plus adriamycin on the survival rate of HL60 cells; ③ Effect of chondroitin sulfate on the activity of acid phosphatase of HL60 cells.RESULTS: Totally 45 bottles of cell suspension were prepared, and all were involved in the analysis of results. ① As compared with the blank control group, the densities of HL60 cells at 24 hours after treated with chondroitin sulfate of different concentrations were all significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01), which were increased more obviously in the 50 and 75 mg/L chondroitin sulfate treated groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05), which indicated that chondroitin sulfate within the range of concentration did not accelerate the growth of cells greatly. ② As compared with the blank control group, the survival rates of HL60 cells in the chondroitin sulfate+adriamycin groups were decreased to different extents after chondroitin sulfate of different concentrations were added, and it decreased obviously when the concentration of chondroitin sulfate was higher than 25 mg/L (P ＜ 0.01). ③ As compared with the blank control group, the A values of acid phosphatase of the HHL60 cells were all obviously increased in the 5, 25 and 50 mL chondroitin sulfate treated groups (1.268±0.038, 1.305±0.101, 1.321±0.021,1.354±0.013, P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05), especially that it reached 1.406±0.113 in the 75 mL chondroitin sulfate treated group, which was extremely and significantly different from that in the blank control group (P ＜ 0.001).CONCLUSION: Chondroitin sulfate with a proper concentration can accelerate the proliferation of HL60 cells, and it can increase the sensibility of HL60 cells to adriamycin, and promote the differentiation of HL-60 cells.

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics and clinical typing methods in distal crevasses of Stanford B aortic dissection.Methods Review of the cases in the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Urgur Autonomous Region from 2010 January to 2013 June were diagnosis of Stanford type B aortic dissection with computed tomographic angiography data,Observed its distal crevasses distribution and statistical its number,then summarizes the distribution characteristics of the distal crevasses and further put forward a method of clinical typing.Results Refer to 115 cases with Stanford type B aortic dissection computed tomographic angiography data,including 101 cases with distal crevasses (87.83％) and a total of 240 distal crevasses,an average of 2.37 per case.Conclusions The distal crevasses more often appear in the area involving visceral artery,combined with its different in distribution characteristics and processing methods,we put forward the classification method,namely:Type Ⅰ:the distal crevasses are located in the zone of the thoracic artery; Type Ⅱ:the distal crevasses are close to the visceral artery or involvement it; Type Ⅲ:the distal crevasses are lower than the renal artery,not involving the visceral artery; Type Ⅳ:the distal crevasses are located in the zone of the iliac artery.

Objective To evaluate thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B aortic dissection.Methods Chnical data were reviewed on 126 cases with type B aortic dissection undergoing endovascular aortic repair in our hospital from January 2006 to April 2011.There were 86 male patients and 40 female patients,age from 32 to 82 years.The stent- grafts were introduced via femoral arteriotomy.Stent-grafts were implanted to blockade tears of aortic dissection under the guidance of DSA.Postoperatively patients were followed-up by angiography and imiging for endoleak,stent migration,and fracture of stent-graft.Results In all cases,the aortic dissection tears were closed,true lumens were opened,and organ function was restored.There were not complications such as internal hemorrhage due to trauma or stent displacement on CTA from 3 to 63 months after endovascular therapy.Procedure was successful in all 126 cases,157 stents were released,2 cases died in the perioperative period,1 case died during the followed-up.A breach was found at the end of the stent in 12 cases,endovascular aortic repair redone successfully with a retrograde type A dissection found during follow-up.Conclusions Endovascular aortic repair is safe and effective for patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection with a favorable outcomes.

Objective To describe the effect of loop diuretic on renal function in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods Data were of 211 impatients diagnosed as HF collected in a nested case-control study.The association of application of loop diuretic with renal function was assessed to identify whether loop diuretic was an independent risk factor of worsening renal function(WRF).To identify WRF,we defined serum creatinine level as a rise ≥26.5 μmol/L compared to the level at admission.Therefore,the subjects were divided into case group(serum creatinine level ≥ 26.5 μmol/L,n =66)and control group(serum creatinine level ＜ 26.5μmol/L,n =145).Results The doses of loop diuretic were higher in the case group([385.17 ± 49.37]mg)than the control group([244.50 ± 34.82]ag)(P ＜ 0.05),but it was not independent risk factor of WRF (P＞0.05).Creatinine level and NYHA class at admission were independent risk factor for WRF,with OR of 2.248(95 ％ CI:1.088-4.647)and 2.485(95 ％ CI:1.385-4.459)respectively(Ps ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The doses ofloop diuretic were not independent risk factor of WRF,creatinine level and severity of HF at admission are the most important predictors of the occurrence of WRF.