Objective To observe the expression of platelet-derived growth factor A(PDGF-A) and PDGF-?R in callus during osteoporotic fracture healing and to explore further into the mechanism or effect of PDGF-A and PDGF-?R on osteoporotic fracture healing. Methods The expression and change of PDGF-A and PDGF-?R in different period of osteoporotic fracture healing(5, 7, 14, 28, 42 days) were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry(ABC method). Results There were different cells origin (chondrocyte, osteoblast, osteocyte, vascular endothelial cell, et al) and degree of expression of PDGF-A and PDGF-?R in callus during different period of osteoporotic fracture healing. Conclusion PDGF-A moderates and participates in osteoporotic fracture healing. The decrease of osteoporotic fracture repair capacity may correlate with abnormality of PDGF-A secretion.

Objective To observe the ultrastructural alteration and healing characteristics of osteoporotic fracture, and to elucidate its cellular mode of healing. Methods Eighty female SD rats of 8 months old, which had the weight of 290 to 340 g, were randomized into two groups of 40 each: the osteoporotic fracture model(OPFM) and the common fracture model(CFM). After anesthesia, the bilateral posterior transperitoneal approach was performed in the OPFM group and the bilateral ovaries were removed; and in the CFM group, only the sham operations were performed. Three months later, the fracture of femoral middle shaft were created and fixed with a Kirschner pin through medullary cavity. The callus of each rat was examined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) in 5 days and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16 weeks postoperatively. Results TEM showed that the number of chondrocyte in OPFM group was greater, but function was lower than that of CFM group. Volume of collagen secreted by the chondrocyte was less and arranged irregularly during the fracture healing period in OPFM group. Number and function of osteoblasts in OPFM group were lower than that of CFM group. Extracellular collagen was disordered and sparse, but function of osteoclasts in OPFM group was more active than that of CFM group. The SEM showed that the collagen in callus of CFM group was dense and arranged in good order or pyknotic. Conclusion The fracture healing of the osteoporotic fractures is due to the decrease of the osteoblastic formation and the increase of the osteoclastic resorption as well as the poor bony healing quality.

[Objective]To observe expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and peroxynitrite anion around the prostheses,and study the relationship between the osteolysis and inducible nitric oxide synthase peroxyni-trite.[Method]Interface tissues were obtained at three Delee-Charnley acetabular sections and seven Gruen femur sections in six revision total hip arthroplasty surgery. The tissues were prepared for immunohistochemical assays to determine the expression of iNOS and nit rotyrosine (NT)-a specific“footprint”of peroxynitrite. Pre-revision X-ray films were observed to determine the incidence of osteolysis regions and non-osteolysis regions. The correlation between the positive cells and the severity of osteolysis were analyzed and compared.[Result]Data showed that zone Ⅲ has much higher iNOS positive immunostaining than that of zone Ⅰ and Ⅱ at acetabulum, and the expression of zone 1、2、6、7 was significantly higher than the other zone at femur(P

[Objective] To evaluate the results of open reduction with bone autografting and calcaneus reconstruction with internal fixation in treatment of intra-articular calcaneus fracture. [Methods]From January 2005 to May 2007, 17 cases/19 feet of intra-articular calcaneus fractures received treatment of reconstruction plate and bone autografting, with 15 male/18 feet, 2 female/ 2 feet. Patients’ age ranged from 19 to 67 years (mean, 37.5 years). Fracture occurred in left side in 9 cases, right in 6 cases, both sides in 2 cases. All patients received treatment of open reduction with bone autografting and calcaneus reconstruction with internal fixation.[Results]All the patients achieved bone union. One stage union was achieved in 15 feet. Poor blood-supply was found in 3 feet and bone union was achieved after systematic treatment. Wound exudation was found in 1 feet, and bone union was achieved after dressing change treatment. All patients were followed up for an average of 19.7 months (10-38 months). The average union time was 2.5 months, without infection found.X-ray and CT were used to measure Bhler angle, width and axial length, all the indexed showed significant difference (P

Objective:To explore the possible specific perinatal risk factors in the development of autism through comparing the perinatal risk factors between patients with autism and other psychotic disorders.Methods: In this retrospective research,197 cases with autism and 93 cases with other psychotic disorders were selected and assessed with the self-made scale of perinatal risk factors.Statistical analyses were performed using t test and Chi-square test.Results:Compared with the control group,the autistic subjects had a significantly higher frequency of the perinatal risk factors(51 % vs.68%,P=0.003),particularly the rate of catching a cold during their mothers' pregnancy(14.2% vs.6.5%,P=0.038)and the rate of prematurity(10.7% vs.3.2%,P=0.022)than the control subjects.Feeding methods was different between the two groups(P=0.038).Conclusion:Catching a cold during mothers' pregnancy,prematurity and feeding methods may be related to the development of autism.

SUMMARY Diffusion spectrum imaging ( DSI) , a newly developed MRI technique, affords the capacity to map complex fiber architectures in tissues with sufficient angular resolution by imaging the spectra of tissue water diffusion. By contrast, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) , the currently widely used technique based on the 2nd order tensor model, obtains an approximation of the complex diffusion, and provides only one global maximal direction corresponding to the primary eigenvector for each voxel. As a generalized model-free diffusion imaging technique, firstly, DSI employs the probability density function to describe the diffusion process in each voxel; secondly, a sufficient dense signal sample derived from repeated applications of diffusion-weighed gradients ensures its capability to resolve the diffusion probability density function; thirdly, specific computer visualization techniques are used to extract the diffusion information and reconstruct the geometrical properties of tissue microstructure. The capacity to unravel complex tissue architecture, recent improvements in hardware and ongoing optimization of sequence design and algorithm enable a rapid growth of DSI for research use and future incorporation into clinical protocols. This paper introduces the basic principles of DSI and then compares the characteristics of DSI and DTI schemes. Finally, the typical applications of DSI to date are reviewed.

Objective To explore the value of conventional and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in the diagnosis of tumors in front of the orbit equator . Methods Clinical data included conventional ultrasound and CEUS image of 133 cases (156 eyes) with orbital lesions were analyzed retrospectively . All lesions were confirmed by surgical pathology or clinical cure ,which included 26 cases of cystic lesions (epidermoid cysts ,dermoid cysts ,sebaceous cysts and mucous cysts) ,29 cases (30 eyes) of orbital hemangioma ,13 cases ( 16 eyes ) of inflammatory pseudotumor ,11 cases of lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma ,3 cases (5 eyes) of lymphoepithelial lesion ,36 cases (53 eyes) of malignant lymphoma ,5 cases of meibomian gland carcinoma ,4 cases of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma ,3 cases of malignant melanoma and 3 cases of basal cell carcinoma . Results CEUS of benign cystic lesions showed the tumors were enhanced inhomogenously . Most CEUS of benign tumours displayed?slow in and slow out ,and high enhancement when reached the peak but the size of images had no change . While CEUS of malignant tumours showed?fast in and fast out ,homogeneous or inhomogeneous high enhancement and ill‐defined or irregular shape ,and volume increased compared to two‐dimensional ultrasound when reached the peak .Some other former district orbital lesions ,such as cystic lesion ,cavernous hemangioma ,pleomorphic adenoma and malignant lymphoma ,had their own ultrasound features . Conclusions CEUS combines with conventional ultrasound may contribute to the qualitative diagnosis of tumors in front of the orbit equator .

Background and purpose:Nowadays, about therapy of laryngeal carcinoma, people are paying more and more widely attention to ifnding out how to improve quality of patients’ life besides radical surgery. For glottic laryngeal carcinoma which invading anterior commissure or bilateral vocal cord, we performed modiifed frontolateral partial laryngectomy or modiifed cricohyoidoepiglottopexy, and contrastive analyzed the therapeutic efifcacy of the two ways. Methods:Sixty cases patients of glottic laryngeal carcinoma who treated in Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital during 2005 to 2010, which invaded the anterior commissure or bilateral vocal cord, were randomly attributed to two groups as A and B;30 patients of group A were underwent modiifed frontolateral partial laryngectomy and repaired with bilateral sternohyoid muscle lfap, 30 patients of group B were treated by modiifed cricohyoidoepiglottopexy. Follow-up time of each patient was 5 years postoperation and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results:The 5-year survival rate was 86.7%in group A as well as 83.3%in group B, and there was no statistical difference between two groups (P=0.718). Pronunciation function:22 cases in group A and 21 cases in group B whose pronunciation function can be competent in the noisy environment, and can pronounce“a”and“i”vowel;8 cases in group A and 9 cases in group B can pronounce only a“ha”,“hi”sound, that couldn’t communicate with others in a noisy environment. There was no statistical difference in pronunciation function between the two groups (P=0.774). Incidence of deglutition disorder 4 weeks postoperation:group A was 0 (0/30), group B was 16.7%(5/30), and the difference between the two groups was statistically signiifcant (P=0.026);average time of extubation postoperation:group A was (10±2.3) d, group B was (20±4.6)d, and the difference between the two groups was statistically signiifcant (P=0.0000);recurrence rate of dyspnea after extubation:group A was 16.7%(5/30), group B was 0 (0/30), and there was statistically signiifcant difference between the two groups (P=0.026). Conclusion: For the glottic laryngeal carcinoma which invading anterior commissure or bilateral vocal cord, there was no statistical difference in 5-years survival rate and function of pronunciation between modified frontolateral partial laryngenctomy and modified cricohyoidoepiglottopexy postoperation. The former had less postoperative deglution disorder, earlier extubation time, and to some extent, alleviated the suffering of the patients, but part of these patients needed secondary surgery due to dyspnea which resulted by radioactive tissue adhesion after extubation. The latter had more serious deglution disorder postoperation, longer recovery time, and relatively longer time to extubating, showed no again dyspnea after extubation, and had more extensive adaptation disease. In a word, each way of operation has its advantage respectively.

Objective:To explore the traits of gray matter volume in general anxiety disorder (GAD)and ob-sessive compulsive disorder (OCD)by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)technique.Methods:Twenty-eight GAD,25 OCD and 39 normal controls were recruited.All patients were met the Diagnostic and Statistical Mannal of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition,Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)or the International Statistical Classifica-tion of Disease and Related Health Problems Tenth Revision (ICD-10)diagnostic criteria for GAD or OCD.All subjects underwent structural MRI scan.The severity of anxiety and OCD symptoms were rated in all patients with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA)and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).The gray matter volume (GMV)was compared between all groups by using the voxel-based morphometry (VBM)a- nalysis.The correlation analysis between GMV and total scores of HAMA and Y-BOCS was performed in GAD and OCD.Results:The GMV was increased in regions including left anterior cingulate cortex in GAD (P =0.016,small volume correction),while only decreased GMV was observed in OCD in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)(P <0.001,uncorrected).GAD had larger GMV than OCD in several regions including bilateral OFC (P <0.001,un-corrected).The higher total score of HAMA was associated with increased GMV of right temporal cortex in GAD, and with the GMV of OFC in OCD (P <0.001,uncorrected).Conclusion:No sharing of GMV abnormalities in GAD and OCD was observed in the current study.The traits of brain structure and the potential neural substrate of anxiety symptom in GAD and OCD may be significantly different.