Aim To investigate the reversal effect of PARP-1 inhibitor PJ34 on cisplatin-resistance in hu-man lung adenocarcinoma A549/DDP cells and the mechanism. Methods A549/DDP cells were treated with PJ34 alone or combined with cisplatin. The effects of proliferation inhibition were assayed by MTT meth-
od. The apoptosis ratios of cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein expression of PARP-1 and LRP, GST-π were measured by Western blot assay. Results PJ34 could inhibit the proliferation of A549/DDP cells alone. The non-toxic dose of PJ34 could signifi-cantly resensitize A 5 4 9/ DDP cells to cisplatin , induce
apoptotic,lower the expression of PARP-1 and resist-ance-associated protein LRP and GST-π. Conclusion PJ34 could inhibit the proliferation of A549/DDP cells and resensitize A549/DDP cells,partially reverse cisplatin-resistance in A549/DDP cells, with a proba-
ble mechanism relating to increased apoptotic rate,and lowered expression of PARP-1 and resistance-associat-ed protein LRP and GST-π.

BACKGROUND:The implantable artificial pacemaker that needs long-term wear is in direct contact with human body tissue, and thus, biocompatibility of the materials is very important. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the material progress and material-related complications of implantable artificial pacemakers. METHODS:Articles related to implantable artificial pacemaker materials and related complications were searched in Wanfang database and PubMed database from 2000 to 2015. The keywords were pacemaker; materials; pacemaker leads; pacemaker electrode; complication in Chinese and English, respectively. Finaly, 27 articles were included and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The implantable artificial pacemakers are in direct contact with the body tissues through the titanium alloy shell covering the pulser, the electrode wire covering the silicone, polyurethane, epoxy resin, and the electrode materials (including carbon, platinum-iridium alloy, Elgilog alloy). These materials have good physical and chemical properties as well as good cytocompatibility, electrophysiological compatibility and blood compatibility with the human body that have been confirmed in the past decades. However, material-related complications often occur, such as contact dermatitis, wire breakage, dislocation, cardiac perforation, venous thrombosis and tricuspid regurgitation along the wire, capsular infection and hematoma when placing the pulser. With the rapid development of today's microelectronic technology, research on the modification of pacemaker materials and the pacing system has been ongoing and has made considerable progress. Moreover, wireless pacemaker development and clinical application may be the future direction of development.

BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor-βhas been shown to exert an obvious induction effect on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes. Cyclical tensile strain simulates mechanical environment of chondrocytes in the body, and plays an important regulatory role in cellproliferation and differentiation. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the synergy of transforming growth factor-βand cyclical tensile strain in inducing the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocyte-like cells. METHODS:A total of 10 2-month-old New Zealand rabbits were selected. Bone needle was used to penetrate the medul ary cavity of bone. 3.0-4.0 mL of bone marrow was extracted for isolation and culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Passage 3 cells were randomly assigned to four groups:blank, transforming growth factor-β, cyclical tensile strain and cyclical tensile strain+transforming growth factor-βgroups. After 1, 3 and 6 days, cells were obtained. General morphology was observed using safranin O staining. Glycosaminoglycan levels were detected by alcian blue staining. Matrix metal oproteinase-13 and tissue inhibitor of metal oproteinase-1 levels in supernatant were measured using ELISA. Type II col agen, matrix metal oproteinase-13 and tissue inhibitor of metal oproteinase-1 mRNA relative expression was detected using RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Safranin O staining showed fusiform or irregular triangular cells. cellnumber
and matrix secretion increased in each experimental group than in blank group. Glycosaminoglycan levels in the supernatant were greater in the transforming growth factor-βand cyclical tensile strain+transforming growth factor-βgroups than in the blank group (P<0.05). Type II col agen mRNA relative expression was higher in the cyclical tensile strain+transforming growth factor-βgroup than in the blank group (P<0.05). Results indicated that transforming growth factor-βand cyclical tensile strain could induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes, showing an apparent cooperative action.

Objective To determine the effect of using cytomegalovirus-seronegative blood components in preventing transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infection,which laid foundation for the application of blood antibody screening of cytomegalovirus.Methods The documents of studies about the comparison in transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus ratio between using cytomegalovirus-seronegative blood components with using cytomegalovirus-unscreened /non-WBC-reduced blood were retrieved from the databases of PubMed,MEDLINE,Ovid,ProQuest,EBSCO,Cochrane Library,EMbase,CNKI,VIP,CBM and WanFang Library,and the reference in studies were retrieved by hands at the same time.The documents were screened,extracted and evaluated according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and then given a Meta-analysis by using Rev Man 5.1 software.Results There were totally 7 controlled studies(430 patients) included.The results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with using cytomegalovirus-unscreened/non-WBC-reduced blood,the effect of using cytomegalovirus-seronegative blood components in preventing transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infection had a statistical difference(OR=0.07,95%CI:0.03-0.18,P<0.01).Conclusion Application of blood antibody screening of cytomegalovirus is effective in preventing transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infection,especially organ transplantation and neonate patients.

BACKGROUND:The design of proximal femoral locking compression plate existed defects. Therefore, our team designed triangle truss locking plate with hyper-short arm according to proximal femoral locking compression plate (patent No. 201220051751.2).
OBJECTIVE:To design and make triangle truss locking plate and evaluate its biomechanical properties.
METHODS:Triangle truss locking plate with hyper-short arm was designed based on the support of two proximal screws of proximal femoral locking compression plate. Five pairs of fresh adult femur specimens were prepared, and the model of A3.1 (AO classification) reverse intertrochanteric fracture was established. Experimental group (right side) was fixed with triangle truss locking plate. Control group (left side) was fixed with proximal femoral locking compression plate. Stress distribution of the screws of proximal end of the plate, stress distribution of the fracture ends, the opening angle of fracture, and maximum load were detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Stress distribution of the four screws of the proximal femoral locking compression plate was average in the experimental group, and the stress distribution of the two screws of triangle truss locking plate was close. Stress distribution of the four screws was not average in the control group. The proximal screw bearing stress was bigger in the control group than in the experimental group (P < 0.05). (2) Open angle under different loads were significantly smaler in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) Maximum load was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the position of damage was different between the two groups. The fixation in the experimental group was reasonable. These findings suggest that various biomechanic properties of the triangle truss locking plate with hyper-short arm were better than that of proximal femoral locking compression plate. Its fixation was reliable. Triangle truss locking plate could effectively reduce or avoid breakage of the plate and screw or coxa vara.

Objective To study the association between the CTLA-4 gene polymorphism and Graves disease.Methods A total of 120 unrelated patients with Graves disease southern Han nationality of China were recruited from clinics in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2001 to 2003.Ethnically matched 123 control subjects with no history of autoimmune disease were from Guangdong.We investigated the polymorphism of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 gene on chromosome 2q33.1 microsatellite markers of CTLA4 were chosen,this was done by PCR amplification of marker sequences using fluorescently labeled primers and subsequent analysis of the PCR products on ABI prism 377.Results Twenty alleles were observed in the population,with sizes ranging from 84 to 144 bp.There was no significant difference when compared with controls in the distribution of the genotypes(?2=21.428,P=0.208).This investigation indicated that the gene of CTLA4 was not susceptible gene for Graves disease.Conclusion This study suggests that CTLA4 gene may not be susceptible gene to Graves disease for the Chinese southern Han population.

Objective To investigate the effect of osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics (OICPC) on tendon healing in bone tunnels. Methods Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with semitendonous tendon was performed in the knee joints of 30 New Zealand rabbits by suspended fixation. OICPC grains were implanted into the bone tunnel of 15 rabbits which were the experimental group and the other 15 rabbits without OICPC implants severed as the control group. Specimens were collected four weeks, eight weeks and 12 weeks after surgery. Sections were stained with H. E., Sirius Red and Masson. Histological changes in the interface tissue between the bone tunnel and the tendon graft were observed, and the morphology of interface tissue was classified according to Yamakado method. Histomorphometry was done on Masson stain sections to measure new bone formation around the grafted tendon. Results In OICPC group, histological sections obtained four and eight weeks after surgery showed statistically greater new bone formation than those in the control group. Abundant penetrating Sharpey fibers appeared at eight weeks and direct connection was found at 12 weeks in the experimental group. On the other hand, Sharpey fibers appeared only at 12 weeks in the control group. Conclusion OICPC has a capability of enhancing biological fixation of a tendon to the bone tunnel.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of laparoscopic mesh repair of parastomal hernia. Methods Laparoscopic mesh repair was performed in 7 patients with parasromal hernia from September 2004 to December 2005 in this hospital.Results Laparoscopic mesh herniorrhaphy was successfully performed in 6 patients, while a conversion to open herniorrhaphy was required in 1 patient because of extensive intraperitoneal adhesion. The operating time was 45~180 mi (mean, 109 min), and the hernial diameter was 4~6 cm (mean, 5.6 cm). Transient abdominal distention happened in 2 patients. Five patients complained of a pain in operative area within 3 weeks. Seroma occurred in 4 patients and was cured by needle aspiration and pressure bandaging for 2~ 4 times. No hematoma or surgery-related infection was seen. The length of postoperative hospital stay was 3~8 d (mean, 5.1 d). Postoperative follow-up for 2~15 months (mean, 8.3 months) revealed no recurrence. Conclusions Laparoscopic mesh repair of parastomal hernia is safe, effective, and feasible.

Objective To assess the risk of nonylphenol in reclaimed wastewater used in city to damage the human endocrine system and to present the data for making the related water quality standard. Methods Based on the monitored results of nonylphenol in the reclaimed wastewater from a reclaimed water plant in Beijing and referenced the phenol toxic parameter from integrated risk information system of the Unite State Environmental Protection Agency and the nonylphenol tested toxicity data from related literature, the risk assessment of nonylphenol on human health was conducted using four step health risk assessments when the sewage was reclaimed as a different approach to use. Results The endocrine disruption risk of nonylphenol in reclaimed wastewater on human health was about in a range of 10-8-10-10, which could even be ignored. Conclusion The risk of nonylphenol is acceptable to human health when the reclaimed wastewater were used for municipal, agricultural irrigation, urban lake supplement, then, nonylphenol as a human health risk factor can be ignored when making the standard of nonylphenol in reclaimed water.

Objective Of all the knee ligament,the anterior cruciate was totally disrupted the most frequently.Although a high degree of success and satisfactory results of replacement of anterior cruciate liga-ment with autograft tendon by arthroscopy were demonstrated,the objective of the investigation was to retro-spectively analyze miscellaneous pitfalls in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction procedure and present its treatment.Methods Between January1995and June2002,consecutive194male and female patients between thirteen and fifty-eight years of age who sought treatment for a chronic tear of the anterior cruciate ligament were treated by arthroscopic assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.The time-interval between the index injury and the surgery was from1.5to37months.The diagnosis of anterior cruciate liga-ment injury was established by Lachman test,pivot-shift examination and MRI.The procedures included au-tograft bone-patellar tendon-bone replacement fixed with Kurosaka interference screws in75cases,allograft bone-patellar tendon-bone with Kurosaka interference screws in13cases,autograft bone-patellar tendon-bone fixed with Aesculap Endobutton suture plates in11cases,allograft bone-patellar tendon-bone with Aesculap Endobutton suture plates in6cases,hamstring autografts fixed by Aesculap Endobutton suture plate in89cases.Results There were39intraoperative pitfalls happened in36cases,in which2intraop-erative complications were unsalvageable.The causes of pitfalls could be classified into tunnel,graft materi-als,fixation and other problems.The most common pitfalls were the mistakes of position and direction of guide wires for bone tunnel occurred in8cases.The interference screw was loosened in2cases.Bending of the guide wire happened in3cases.Short and bifurcated of harvested grafts were the most common problem in reconstruction with hamstring autografts and Aesculap Endobutton suture plate technique.In the present,there were no complications of patellar fracture and breakage of reconstructive materials.Conclusion A deep knowledge and technique are necessary to determine and perform in anterior cruciate ligament recon-struction procedure,only if mastering the essentials of different anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction methods and handling flexibly,could an orthopedist cope with miscellaneous pitfalls rightly.