Objective Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of liver cancer in patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 504 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who were treated in a hospital from April 2021 to April 2024. The occurrence of liver cancer was counted. The risk factors of liver cancer in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 504 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, 101 patients developed liver cancer and 403 patients did not develop liver cancer, which were included in the liver cancer group (n=101) and the non-liver cancer group (n=403).. Among hepatitis B cirrhosis, the incidence rate of liver cancer was 20.04%. Compared with the non-liver cancer group, the proportion of patients with long-term drinking history, family history of liver cancer, history of diabetes mellitus, antiviral therapy, and HBV-DNA load>104 were higher in the liver cancer group (P<0.05). logistic regression analysis found that long-term drinking history (OR=3.077, 95%CI: 1.130-8.378, P=0.028), history of diabetes mellitus (OR=3.747, 95%CI: 1.765-7.954, P=0.001), no antiviral therapy (OR=3.466, 95%CI: 1.337-8.985, P=0.011) and HBV-DNA load>104 (OR=3.149, 95%CI: 1.353-7.328, P=0.008) could independently affect the occurrence of liver cancer in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. Conclusion According to logistic regression analysis, long-term drinking history, history of diabetes mellitus, no antiviral therapy, and HBV-DNA load>104 are risk factors for liver cancer in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis.

Objective To explore the occurrence and development trajectories of symptoms at different time points in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), and to analyze the influencing factors and preventive measures of development trajectories of AP symptom clusters. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select AP who were admitted from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected and included in the study. The symptoms at different time points were recorded. The severities of symptom clusters in AP patients were explored, and the development trajectories of main symptom clusters were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of development trajectories of symptom clusters in AP patients. Results The incidence rates of abdominal pain, dry mouth, abdominal distension and lack of energy were higher in AP patients during hospitalization. The incidence rates of lack of energy, anxiety, abdominal pain and sleep disturbance were higher on the 1^st month after discharge. The incidence rates of abdominal distension, abdominal pain, sleep disturbance and anxiety were higher on the 3^rd month after discharge. The incidence rates of anxiety, abdominal pain and irritability were higher on the 6^th month after discharge. The fatigue symptom cluster, psychological symptom cluster and gastrointestinal symptom cluster were extracted during hospitalization and on the 1^st month and the 3^rd month after discharge, and the psychological symptom cluster and gastrointestinal symptom cluster were extracted on the 6^th month. The severity scores of symptom clusters at each time point were statistically different (P<0.05). The development of gastrointestinal symptom cluster in AP patients was mainly low decline. The development of psychological symptom cluster was mainly high decline. Drinking history and diabetes mellitus were the influencing factors of development trajectory of gastrointestinal symptom cluster in AP patients (P<0.05). High disease severity, drinking history and biliary tract disease were the influencing factors of development trajectory of psychological symptom cluster in AP patients (P<0.05). Conclusion The symptom clusters of AP patients changes over time, with digestive, fatigue, and psychological symptoms being the main groups in the early stage, and psychological and digestive symptoms persisting in the later stage. Early identification and intervention are crucial for improving the prognosis of AP patients.

Objective:Investigating the efficacy of unilateral adrenalectomy in treatment for primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD).Methods:Clinical data of 26 patients with PPNAD treated in our hospital from January 2013 to June 2023 was retrospectively analyzed.There were 11 males and 15 females, with an average age of (19.4±4.7) years. 25 cases presented with typical Cushing's syndrome, and 16 cases were diagnosed with Carney's syndrome. PRKAR1A gene mutation detected in 8 out of 10 cases. CT showed multiple small nodules on bilateral adrenal glands in 14 cases, unilateral small nodules or mild thickening with normal contralateral glands in 8 cases, and no obvious abnormalities in 4 cases. All patients showed autonomous oversecretion of cortisol by endocrine laboratory tests, with a median 24 h-UFC of 408.35 (334.28, 800.78) μg/24 h and decreased level of adrenocorticotropic hormone. All 26 patients underwent laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy, with left side adrenalectomy in 8 cases and right side adrenalectomy in 18 cases.Results:The average surgical duration was (85.2±28.7) minutes, with intraoperative blood loss <50 ml in all cases. The median time to drainage tube removal post-operation was 3 (2, 3) days. One patient developed a postoperative pulmonary infection, and 3 patients required postoperative hormone replacement therapy. The median follow-up duration was 64 (31.5, 103.8) months, and all patients showed alleviation of Cushing syndrome clinical manifestations after operations. 19 patients (73.1%) had their 24 h-UFC levels normalized to a median of 42.0 (22.4, 58.3) μg/24 h within 8.5 (5, 46) days post-surgery. 7 patients (26.9%) did not achieve normal 24 h-UFC levels, yet experienced an average reduction of (73.2±10.4)%. 13 patients (50.0%) did not experience recurrence, with a median follow-up of 51 (7, 89.5) months, including two cases without recurrence at 10 years post-surgery. 13 patients showed recurrent increase in postoperative cortisol levels, with a median of 225.6 (188.9, 397.2) μg/24 h. The median time to increased 24 h-UFC post-surgery was 27 (13.5, 50.5) months, with the longest duration reaching 104 months. Among these, 9 cases exhibited clinical signs and symptoms of recurrence, while 4 cases did not. Of the 13 patients with recurrence, 9 underwent contralateral adrenalectomy or subtotal resection, while 4 were observed with follow-up.Conclusions:Unilateral adrenalectomy could be a surgical treatment option for PPNAD. Despite the recurrence in some patients postoperatively, unilateral adrenalectomy could effectively and rapidly reduce cortisol levels in PPNAD patients and alleviate the clinical manifestations of Cushing syndrome.

Vaccination is the most effective measure for reducing and preventing influenza and related complications. In this study, we analyzed the mutation trend and the antigen dominant site changes of the amino acid sequence of hemagglutinin subunit 1 (HA1) of human influenza A virus (IAV) in the northern hemisphere from 2012 to 2022. According to the HA1 sequences of A/Darwin/6/2021 (H3N2) and A/Wisconsin/588/2019 (H1N1) recommended by the World Health Organization in the 2022 influenza season in northern hemisphere, we employed the mosaic algorithm to design three Mosaic-HA1 antigens through stepwise substitution. Mosaic-HA1 was expressed and purified in 293F cells and then mixed with the alum adjuvant at a volume ratio of 1:1. The mixture was used to immunize BALB/c mice, and the immunogenicity was evaluated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that Mosaic-HA1 induced the production of IgG targeting two types of HA1, the specific IgG titers for binding to H3 protein and H1 protein reached 10⁵ and 10³ respectively. The challenge test showed that Mosaic-HA1 protected mice from H3N2 or H1N1. This study designs the vaccines by recombination of major antigenic sites in different subtypes of IAV, giving new insights into the development of multivalent subunit vaccines against influenza.
Animals ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics* ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice ; Influenza Vaccines/genetics* ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics* ; Humans ; Antibodies, Viral/blood* ; Antigens, Viral/genetics* ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology* ; Female ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control* ; HEK293 Cells

Objective:To compare the clinical effects robot navigation assisted and conventional proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) implantation and fixation in the treatment of elderly femoral trochanteric fractures.Methods:A total of 86 elderly patients with tuberosity fracture of the femur were admitted as research samples from January to March in 2022 in the Department of Trauma Orthopaedic, Xi′an Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi′an Jiaotong University, including 37 males and 49 females, who aged from 63 to 92 years, with an average age of (79.6 ± 6.9) years. All patients were treated with intramedullary nails (PFNA), 32 with dimensity robotic-assisted therapy (robot group) and 54 with traditional methods (conventional group). The length of incision, the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy, the amount of intraoperative blood loss, and the operation time were recorded. The occurrence of postoperative complications in the two groups was observed. The rate of excellent hip Harris score at 3 month after surgery was compared between the two groups. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as mean ± standard deviation( ± s), and the comparison between groups was conducted using the t-test; the comparison of count data were represented as [ n(%)], and was conducted by Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability between groups. Results:All patients were followed up for 9 to 12 months, with an average of (10.6 ± 0.9) months. The incision length and tip apex distance (TAD) of the robot group were (3.40±0.82) cm and (21.85±1.44) mm, which were smaller than (4.82±0.75) cm and (26.83±1.75) mm in the conventional group ( P<0.05 for all). The number of intraoperative fluoroscopy and guide needle adjustment [(14.53±3.26) and 0 times] in the robot group were less than those in the conventional group [(20.67±4.84) and (2.83±1.42)] ( P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss and drainage rate of the robot group were (87.03±9.41) and (46.40±8.91) mL, which were smaller than that of the conventional group [(110.00±12.52) and (69.62±10.22) mL] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of days of hospitalization and operation time between the two groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative complication rate in the robot group was 9.4%, which was lower than that in conventional group (42.6%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=11.88, P=0.036). The excellent rate of postoperative hip joint function in the robot group was 75.0%, and the conventional group was 66.7%, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.66, P=0.416). Conclusion:Robot-assisted navigation downward PFNA surgery can have good clinical effect in the treatment of femoral tuberosity fracture in the elderly, which can reduce the number of surgical incisions and intraoperative fluoroscopy, and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, which is helpful to achieve minimally invasive surgery and rapid recovery of elderly patients with femoral tuberosity fracture.

Hedgehog （Hh） signaling pathway plays an important regulatory role in the process of cell proliferation， differentiation and tissue formation. Proper intensity and action time of Hh signal are crucial for the normal development of various tissues of the body， and its abnormal activation will lead to the occurrence and development of most malignant tumors， including breast cancer， liver cancer， pancreatic cancer， and lung cancer， which makes Hh signaling pathway an ideal target for anti-tumor drug research and development. At present， the main targets of Hh signaling pathway inhibitors include Hh ligand， receptor Smoothened （Smo） and transcription factor Gli. Among them， the compounds that depend on the Hh ligand pathway still remain at the stage of laboratory research because they cannot act on the non-classical Hh signaling pathway. The special structure of Smo protein enables it to combine with drugs efficiently and selectively， which is a powerful and effective drug target. Therefore， Smo selective inhibitors have been an active field of related research， and many Smo inhibitors have entered the clinical use or trial stage. Gli can regulate multiple carcinogenic genes， promote abnormal cell proliferation and lead to tumor， and can also cause feedback inhibition to Hh signaling pathway. Therefore， the development of drugs that can inhibit the activity of Gli has broad prospects. In the future， a combination of multiple pathway inhibitors can be designed to avoid drug resistance and other side effects.

Spermatogenesis is a continual process that occurs in the testes, in which diploid spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) differentiate and generate haploid spermatozoa. This highly efficient and intricate process is orchestrated at multiple levels. N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A), an epigenetic modification prevalent in mRNAs, is implicated in the transcriptional regulation during spermatogenesis. However, the dynamics of m⁶A modification in non-rodent mammalian species remains unclear. Here, we systematically investigated the profile and role of m⁶A during spermatogenesis in pigs. By analyzing the transcriptomic distribution of m⁶A in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids, we identified a globally conserved m⁶A pattern between porcine and murine genes with spermatogenic function. We found that m⁶A was enriched in a group of genes that specifically encode the metabolic enzymes and regulators. In addition, transcriptomes in porcine male germ cells could be subjected to the m⁶A modification. Our data show that m⁶A plays the regulatory roles during spermatogenesis in pigs, which is similar to that in mice. Illustrations of this point are three genes (SETDB1, FOXO1, and FOXO3) that are crucial to the determination of the fate of SSCs. To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time uncovers the expression profile and role of m⁶A during spermatogenesis in large animals and provides insights into the intricate transcriptional regulation underlying the lifelong male fertility in non-rodent mammalian species.
Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Cell Differentiation/genetics* ; Mammals/metabolism* ; Methylation ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Spermatogenesis/genetics* ; Spermatozoa/metabolism* ; Swine/genetics* ; Testis/metabolism* ; Transcriptome ; RNA Methylation/genetics*

Objective:To evaluate the clinic efficacy of channel bone grafting [preservation of the sclerotic bone at the broken nonunion ends and fixation with limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP)] in the treatment of postoperative atrophic nonunion of middle clavicular fracture.Methods:The 41 patients were retrospectively analyzed who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital for atrophic nonunion after internal fixation of middle clavicular fracture from June 2015 to December 2019. They were 23 males and 18 females, with a mean age of 47.6 years (from 28 to 63 years). The left side was affected in 25 cases and the right side in 16 cases. The time interval between initial fracture surgery and nonunion surgery averaged 18.5 months (from 9 to 40 months). Thirty-six cases had undergone one operation and 5 cases 2 operations before admission. The length of bone defect was measured during operation. All nonunions were treated with construction of a graft channel, iliac bone graft and LC-DCP internal fixation above the clavicle. The upper limb function of the affected side was evaluated by the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) 12 months after operation.Results:The 41 patients were followed up for an average of 13.6 months (from 12 to 15 months). A bone defect ≤2.0 cm was found in 25 cases and that >2.0 cm in 16 ones. Nonunion healed in all patients after an average time of 14 weeks (from 12 to 16 weeks). One patient reported continuous pain in the donor area after operation and the other developed deep venous thrombosis at the right lower limb. The DASH upper limb scores at 12 months after operation averaged 14.7.Conclusion:Channel bone grafting is a feasible clinical treatment of postoperative atrophic nonunion of middle clavicular fracture, because it preserves the sclerotic bone at the broken nonunion ends, reduces the amount of iliac bone graft and leads to fine clinic efficacy.

Objective: To compare clinical efficacy between laparoscopic radical proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (LPG-DTR) and laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction (LTG-RY) in patients with early upper gastric cancer, and to provide a reference for the selection of surgical methods in early upper gastric cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study method was carried out. Clinical data of 80 patients with early upper gastric cancer who underwent LPG-DTR or LTG-RY by the same surgical team at the Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the DTR group (32 cases) and R-Y group (48 cases) according to surgical procedures and digestive tract reconstruction methods. Surgical and pathological characteristics, postoperative complications (short-term complications within 30 days after surgery and long-term complications after postoperative 30 days), survival time and nutritinal status were compared between the two groups. For nutritional status, reduction rate was used to represent the changes in total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, body mass, hemoglobin and vitamin B12 levels at postoperative 1-year and 2-year. Non-normally distributed continuous data were presented as median (interquartile range), and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. The χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of data between groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the ranked data between groups. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method categorical, and compared by using the log-rank test. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data betweeen the two groups, except that patients in the R-Y group were oldere and had larger tumor. Patients of both groups successfully completed the operation without conversion to laparotomy, combined organ resection, or perioperative death. There were no significant differences in the distance from proximal resection margin to superior margin of tumor, postoperative hospital stay, time to flatus and food-taking, hospitalization cost, short- and long-term complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the R-Y group, the DTR group had shorter distal margins [(3.2±0.5) cm vs. (11.7±2.0) cm, t=-23.033, P<0.001], longer surgery time [232.5 (63.7) minutes vs. 185.0 (63.0) minutes, Z=-3.238, P=0.001], longer anastomosis time [62.5 (17.5) minutes vs. 40.0 (10.0) minutes, Z=-6.321, P<0.001], less intraoperative blood loss [(138.1±51.6) ml vs. (184.3±62.1) ml, t=-3.477, P=0.001], with significant differences (all P<0.05). The median follow-up of the whole group was 18 months, and the 2-year cancer-specific survival rate was 97.5%, with 100% in the DTR group and 95.8% in the R-Y group (P=0.373). Compared with R-Y group at postoperative 1 year, the reduction rate of weight, hemoglobin and vitamin B12 were lower in DTR group with significant differences (all P<0.05); at postoperative 2-year, the reduction rate of vitamin B12 was still lower with significant differences (P<0.001), but the reduction rates of total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, body weight and hemoglobin were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: LPG-DTR is safe and feasible in the treatment of early upper gastric cancer. The short-term postoperative nutritional status and long-term vitamin B12 levels of patients undergoing LPG-DTR are superior to those undergoing LTG-RY.
Albumins ; Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y/adverse effects* ; Cholesterol ; Gastrectomy/methods* ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Laparoscopy/methods* ; Postoperative Complications/etiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin B 12

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and changes of serum tumor markers in lung cancer patients with different smoking status in Hanzhong area. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 642 hospitalized lung cancer patients in Hanzhong area from March 2017 to March 2019. According to their smoking status, they were divided into observation group (smoking history, n=404) and control group (no smoking history, n=238). Age, sex, place of residence, basic information of the disease including pathological stage, pathological type, short-term efficacy, survival and serum tumor marker level were analyzed retrospectively. Results The proportion of male in observation group (67.08%) was significantly higher(57.56%) (χ²=5.855,P<0.05). Observed a group of 50 or more patients (80.94%) were significantly higher (73.53%) (χ²=4.824 , P<0.05); There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ²=2.110 , P<0.05). The proportion of adenocarcinoma in the control group (49.16%) was the highest, and that of small cell lung cancer in the observation group (41.34%) was the highest (χ²=15.291, P <0.05). Comparison of pathological stages between the two groups showed that stage IIIB (32.77%) was the highest in the control group, followed by stage IV (23.53%), Stage IIIA (20.59%), Stage II (13.03%) and stage I (10.08%). The observation group had the highest proportion in stage IIIA (35.40%), followed by Stage IIIB (25.00%), stage IV (16.09%), Stage IIIA (16.09%), stage II (15.10%) and stage I (8.42%). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=10.817,P<0.05). Before treatment, serum CEA, CA125 and CA199 levels in observation group were significantly higher (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum tumor markers in both groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05); The serum CEA, CA125 and CA199 levels in observation group were significantly higher (P<0.05). After treatment, THE ORR of the observation group (48.76%) was lower than that of the control group (53.78%), but the difference was not statistically significant (χ²=2.051, P>0.05). The 1-year survival rate of the observation group (64.85%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (73.95%) (χ²=5.255, P<0.05). Conclusion Middle-aged and elderly male smokers in Hanzhong area have a high incidence of lung cancer, multiple stage Ⅲ squamous cell carcinoma, and the level of tumor markers in serum is higher than that of non-smokers. The prognosis is not good, so we should encourage patients to quit smoking, which can improve the survival rate of patients.