Objective To compare the morphological differences in soleus between tail-suspended and 30-month-old rats.Methods Fourty-two male rats were randomly divided into seven groups:5 d,7 d and 14 d tail-suspended and their synchronous control groups,30-month-old group.The cross-sectional area(CSA)and percentage of MHC Ⅰ/Ⅱ fibers were measured in immunohistochemically stained sections and CSA was normalized by body weight.Results Wet weight,relative wet weight,CSA and normalized CSA in unloaded soleus decreased significantly as compared with the synchronous control.The percentage of MHC Ⅰ fibers decreased,but that of MHC Ⅱ fibers increased in unloaded soleus.The wet weight and CSA of soleus in 30-month-old rats increased,but the relative wet weight and normalized CSA reduced significantly as compared with 14-day synchronous control.The relative wet weight and normalized CSA of soleus in 30-month-old rat were similar to that of 14 d tail-suspended group.The percentage of MHC Ⅰ/Ⅱ fibers of soleus in 30-month-old rat and in 5 d,7 d,and 14 d of synchronous control groups kept constant value.Conclusion It's suggested that the atrophic process of soleus is slower in 30-month-old rats than that in the tail-suspended rates.The reduction of soleus relative wet weight and normalized CSA appears early in aged rats,but the absolute and relative wet weight of soleus decrease simultaneously in tail-suspended rats.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effects of repair of complicated tissue defects of several body parts with composite anterolateral femoral fascia lata perforator tissue flaps (fascial flap or fascial skin flap) with the aid of micro-surgery.

METHODSFrom February 2008 to August 2012, complicated tissue defects in 12 patients were repaired with composite anterolateral femoral fascia lata perforator tissue flaps. Two of the 12 patients suffered from a defect of scalp, skull, and dura mater as a result of resection of a malignant tumor of the scalp; 3 patients showed a defect of skin and tendo calcaneus in the heel and lower leg; 2 patients showed a defect of skin and extensor tendon in the dorsum of hands; the other 5 patients suffered from defects of skin and extensor tendon in the foot and ankle combined with exposure of bone or internal buttress plate. The size of tissue flaps ranged from 12 cm ×6 cm to 19 cm ×18 cm. The donor sites were closed by immediate suturing or skin grafting.

RESULTSAll 12 tissue flaps survived. Patients were followed up for 2 to 36 months. The flaps were shown to have good appearance, texture and function. Two patients with the defect of the scalp, skull and dura mater after a resection of the malignant tumor of the scalp did not have recurrence or herniation of brain tissue. The foot-raising function in 3 patients with the defect of skin and tendo calcaneus in the heel and lower leg was recovered, and according to Arner-Lindholm criteria the result was excellent in 2 cases and good in 1 case. The extension function of fingers of 2 patients with defects of skin and extensor tendon in the dorsum of hands was good according to the evaluation criteria of Chinese Medical Association Society of Hand Surgery for tendon repair of hand. The extension function of toes of 5 patients with defects of skin and extensor tendon in the foot and ankle combined with exposure of bone or internal buttress plate was recovered and improved.

CONCLUSIONSTransplantation of composite anterolateral femoral fascia lata perforator tissue flaps with the aid of micro-surgery is an effective method in repairing the tissue defects of skull, dura mater, and the extensor tendon of hands or feet, with restoration of the extension function.

Adult ; Fascia Lata ; transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perforator Flap ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective: To observe the effects of axial vascular network flap of scalp or anterolateral thigh perforator flap with fascia lata on repairing defects after radical resection of scalp carcinoma in patients. Methods: From February 2006 to December 2015, twenty-one patients with scalp carcinoma were admitted to our hospital, and the carcinoma invaded external lamina or full-thickness of skull and dura mater. After perfect preoperative examination, carcinoma and scalp tissue in 3 to 5 cm from the edge of carcinoma, external lamina or full-thickness of skull and invaded dura mater were resected and sentinel lymph nodes around carcinoma were cleaned in 3 to 4 days after admission. The postoperative defects with size reached from 11 cm×8 cm to 22 cm×18 cm. The flap transplantation was performed at the same time when quick frozen pathological examination results of resected scalp carcinoma margin tissue, skull, dura mater margin and basal tissue, and sentinel lymph nodes showed completely negative. Defects in 3 elderly patients were repaired by single or multiple axial scalp vascular network flaps, with the resected flaps size ranged from 12 cm×7 cm to 19 cm×14 cm. Defects in the other 18 patients were repaired by anterolateral thigh perforator flaps with fascia lata, with the resected flaps size ranged from 13 cm×10 cm to 23 cm×19 cm and the resected fascia lata size ranged from 8 cm×7 cm to 10 cm×10 cm. The head donor site of flap was repaired by medium thickness skin of head and back; the thigh donor site of flap was repaired by medium thickness skin of thigh on the same side. All patients gave up postoperative radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other follow-up treatments. Results: After operation, the flap and skin in all patients survived completely, with no vascular crisis or other condition. During the follow-up for 6 months to 9 years, all patients showed good appearance except for baldness in operation area of head, with no obvious malformation in head donor site of flap and skin, no swollen external hernia in the brain tissue, and no local recurrence or distant metastasis of carcinoma. The appearance of thigh donor site of flap and skin was good, with normal muscle strength and movement of lower limbs. Conclusions Patients with scalp carcinoma were performed with radical resection of carcinoma, and axial vascular network flap of scalp or anterolateral thigh perforator flap with fascia lata were applied to repair the postoperative defects, with good appearance of head operation area and no local recurrence or distant metastasis of carcinoma.

Objective To explore the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney. Methods Patient 1, a 42-year-old woman presented with space-occupying lesion of the lower pole of the left kidney with no symptoms in physical examination for 1 week. CT revealed a low-enhanced tumor located in the lower pole of the left kidney in cT1b N0M0. Radical left nephrectomy was performed. Patient 2, a 76-year-old woman presented with space-occupying lesion of the middle of the left kidney with no symptoms in physical examination for 10 d. CT revealed a low-enhanced tumor located in the middle of the left kidney in cT1b N0 M0. Laparoscopic radical left nephrectomy was performed. The patient received adjuvant treatment with IL-2 and interferon-α 3 months after nephrectomy. Patient 3, a 50-year-old woman presented with lumbago for 3 months. CT revealed a low-enhanced tumor located in the right kidney in cT2 N0 M0. Radical right nephrectomy was performed. The patient received adjuvant treatment with IL-2 and interferon-α 3months after nephrectomy. Patient 4, a 60-year-old woman presented with lumbago and hematuria for 15 d. CT revealed a low-enhanced tumor located in the lower pole of the left kidney in cT1a N0M0.Radical left nephrectomy was performed. Results Histological examination of the tumors showed that they consisted of spindle cells arranged in tubular and trabecular patterns embedded in a myxoid stroma. Pathologic diagnosis of all 4 patients were MTSCCa. There was no evidence of recurrence in all patients for 9- 46 months. Conclusions MTSCCa is a rare low-grade renal cell carcinoma.There is a female predominance. Early surgical excision is the best treatment and the prognosis is relatively good.

OBJECTIVETo investigate ideal methods to repair cervical cicatricial contracture in children.

METHODSThe expanders were implanted subcutaneously around the cervical scar and above the latissimus. After expansion was completed, the cervical cicatricial contracture was released and the wound was covered with local expanded flaps and free expanded prefabricated thoracodorsal artery perforator flap, leaving no injury to thoracodorsal nerves and latissimus. The wound at the donor site was closed directly.

RESULTSFrom July 2007 to October 2009, 10 patients were treated. All the flaps survived completely. All the wounds were repaired totally and the deformities were corrected completely. The patients were followed up for 3-30 months. When the patients grew up, the flaps enlarged simultaneously. The flaps were not bulky and had a good color match. The scar at the donor site was inconspicuous with no functional morbidity.

CONCLUSIONThe fabricated expanded thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps is an ideal method for severe cervical cicatricial contracture in children.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cicatrix ; surgery ; Contracture ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Tissue Expansion ; Treatment Outcome

目的：探讨成纤维细胞生长因子 13（fibroblast growth factor 13，FGF13）对非小细胞肺癌 A549 细胞活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）的生成和凋亡的影响及其调控机制。方法：WB 法检测 FGF13 在人正常肺上皮细胞 BEAS-2B 和肺癌 A549、H460 细胞中的本底表达量。采用 FGF13 过表达载体转染 BEAS-2B 和 A549 细胞；设计两组靶向 FGF13 的 shRNA 序 列，构建慢病毒干扰载体，包装病毒后侵染 A549 细胞，采用 qPCR 和 WB 法检测干扰效果，DCFH-DA 探针结合荧光酶标仪分 析敲减 FGF13 对 A549 细胞内 ROS 水平的影响，MitoSOX 与 WB 法检测对线粒体 ROS 水平及烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧 化酶 4（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4，NOX4）蛋白表达量的影响，Annexin V-FITC-PI 双染法检测对细胞 凋亡和 Caspase-3 及 Cleaved Caspase-3 蛋白表达的影响。结果：与 BEAS-2B 细胞相比，FGF13 蛋白在两种肺癌细胞中均高表 达（均 P<0.05）。成功构建 FGF13 过表达、低表达的 A549 细胞系。过表达 FGF13 后，BEAS-2B 和 A549 细胞内 ROS 水平显著 降低（P<0.05）；敲减 FGF13 表达后，A549 细胞内 ROS 水平显著升高（P<0.05）；然而过表达及干扰 FGF13 对 A549 细胞内线粒 体 ROS 水平无显著影响，但 NOX4 蛋白表达量显著下调（P<0.05）及显著上调（P<0.05）。FGF13 干扰后 A549 细胞凋亡率显著 升高（P<0.01），Caspase-3 及 Cleaved Caspase-3 蛋白表达量显著上调（P<0.05）。结论：FGF13 可能通过 NOX 家族途径调控 ROS 的生成，并通过 ROS/Caspase-3 通路调控 A549 细胞凋亡。

Flavonoid glycosides are the main active constituents of Epimedii Folium and its related plants. They can be divided into polyglycosides and low glycosides according to the number of glycosyl group. The polyglycosides of Epimedii Folium can be transformed into low glycosides after biotransformation ；pharmacological activities of low glycosides in anti-tumor ，tonifying kidney yang and anti-osteoporosis are stronger than those of polyglycosides. In this paper ， the research progress about biotransformation technology of flavonoid glycosides of Epimedii Folium was reviewed. It was found that the main biotransformation pathway of flavonoid glycosides of Epimedii Folium was to obtain low glycosides by removing glycosyl group ； related methods were mainly enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial transformation ，and also included plant cell transformation ，acid hydrolysis method and synthesis method.

Objective To summarize the safety and efficacy of Sunitinib in the treatment of metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma. Methods Fifteen patients with clear cell metastatic RCC were treated with Sunitinib,with 11 males and 4 females,aged from 26 to 74 years with median age of 55 years.Thirteen cases of 15 were T3 to T4 stage,and 8 cases underwent radical nephrectomy,while 5 other cases underwent renal biopsy with the pathological diagnosis of renal cancer.The other two cases (one man and one woman)with the solitary kidney renal cell carcinoma ( stage T1a) and renal insufficiency,were diagnosed as metastatic renal cell carcinoma by biopsy.Sunitinib monotherapy was administered by the regimen of 6 weeks per cycle with daily oral Sunitinib 4 weeks,followed by 2 weeks off ( from 1 - 10 cycles).Response was evaluated by RECIST.Renal tumor was 9.52 ± 3.3 cm in diameter at baseline,and the assessment of metastases included retroperitoneal lymph nodes (6 cases),mediastinal lymph nodes (3 cases),brain (2 cases),lung (6 cases),bone (2 cases) and liver (2 cases).Karnofsky score,tumor changes,adverse events and the survival of each patient was assessed and recorded. Results The follow-up duration was from 1.5 - 15months,with median follow-up of 6 months,and tumor response was evaluated by RECIST.Seven of 15 patients (46.7％) treated with Sunitinib achieved partial responses (PR),7 patients (46.7％) demonstrated stable disease (SD),and 1 patient (6.7％) developed progressive disease (PD) during the follow-up.Objective Response Rate (ORR) was 46.7％,PR + SD was 93.3％,6 months PFS was 93.3％,and median PFS was 12 months,respectively.Renal tumor was 8.7 ± 4.0 cm in diameter after therapy.Two PR patients with the obvious effectiveness had experienced progressed hypertension,and one cases with hypertension that could be controlled below 140/90 mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) by a single drug before treatment,showed increased blood pressure ( ＞ 160/105 mm Hg) following the second cycles treatment,who were administered increased dosage and combination therapy.The other case without history of hypertension,showed high blood pressure ( ＞ 150/100 mm Hg) in the third cycle,and could be controlled well by antihypertensive drugs.Fortunately,the tumor of these two cases reduced obviously by more than 50％. 1/2 adverse reactions of 12 cases:yellowing of the skin and yellow sweat ( 12 cases,80％ ),fatigue ( 12 cases,80％ ),4 cases of hypothyroidism (26.7％),bilirubin and triglyceride levels elevated in 7case (46.7％); Four cases showed 3/4 degree adverse events with the emergence of gastrointestinal bleeding in one case secondary to platelets reduction (6.7％).Three cases (20％) showed serious fatigue,nausea,vomiting and severe hand-foot skin reaction. Conclusions Sunitinib is recommended for the treatment of metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma with good efficacy and safety.

Objective To propose SHA.LIN nephrolithometry scoring system for assessing and predicting the stone-free rate of percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL) and to investigate the clinical value of SHA.LIN scoring system for nephrolithiasis in patients undergoing PCNL .Methods A literature review from 1976 to 2014 was performed to identify clinically relevant and reproducible variables that could affect the outcomes of PCNL. Six reproducible variables available from preoperative noncontrast-enhanced computed tomography were measured , including stone size ( S) , hydronephrosis ( H) , anatomic distribution (A), length of tract(L), indicator of CT(I), number of involved calices(N) and was named as SHA.LIN nephrolithometry scoring system .A retrospective analysis was conducted of clinical data of 116 patients with nephrolithiasis undergoing PCNL from June 2011 to March 2015. The general conditions , preoperative information , stone characteristics and perioperative variables were collected . The correlation of nephrolithometry scores based on SHA.LIN scoring system with stone-free status, operation time, blood loss, length of hospital stay and postoperative complications were analyzed . Receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curves was drawn to detect sensitivity and specificity of SHA .LIN score in predicting the stone-free rates of PCNL.Results The SHA.LIN score was 9.13 ±2.24 in this cohort.The stone free rate was 75.9%(88/116).Postoperative complications occurred in 32 (27.6%) cases.In those patients with stone
free, the SHA.LIN score was 8.27 ±1.62, significantly lower than that in those patients with residual stones 11.86 ±1.72 ( t =-10.069, P=0.000) .The SHA.LIN score showed significant correlation with the postoperative stone free status, operation time, estimated blood loss (P<0.01).But, it did not correlate with postoperative complications and length of hospital stay (P>0.05).The area under curve of ROC curves for the SHA.LIN scoring system was 0.923 ( 95%CI 0.870 -0.975 ) . Conclusions The SHA.LIN nephrolithometry scoring system can predict postoperative stone-free status of PCNL and can be used for disease related assessment.Further research is required to evaluate its performance in predicting peri-operative variables and postoperative complications .

The Qinba areas, located in the Central China, represent 317000 km2, cover 6 provinces. The major mountain of Qinba areas, the Qinling, separates China North and South. This region is one of the areas with the most bio?diversity and ecological importance in China and globally, and considered as natural gene bank and bio-resource bank. Qinba mountain areas, together with the Alps in Europe and the Rocky Mountains in North America, are known as the"Three sisters of the earth"by the geological and biological circles. Most of the lands in this region are protected as national park, natural reserve, water resource protection area, etc. These areas have well preserved ecosystem and breeding and habitat area for many endangered species of plants and animals, inculding Panda. In this region, there are more than 4000 species of higher plants, about 2000 species of medicinal plants and animals, 200 species of wild ornamental plants and 180 species of economic fungi with edible and medicinal value in those areas. Medicinal plant cultivation, eco-agricul?ture and ecotourism are the major industries in this region. The State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Qinba Areas, located in Hanzhong, the central city of Qinba, is focusing on pan-regional biological resources research and rational utilization, ecological protection, and comprehensive and coordinated regional development.