Abstract-Eleven mouse monoclonal antibodies (McAbS)specific for human alpha-fetopr-otein(AFP) have been produced by the hybridoma technique. Immunodiffusion was us-ed for determining the immunoglobulin class and subclass of the McAbS. Seven of them are IgG; two are IgM. At least 4 different antigenic determinants on human AFPcan be recognized by using the McAbS and cross-two-site sandwich solid radioimmun-oassay. One of the McAbS can specially react with one of the fragments of AFP dig-ested by pepsin. In addition, the cross-reactivity among the AFPs of different mam-malian species was also tested by using the McAbS.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of two different anaesthesia methods in removing the tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children.Methods This was a retrospective study with 56 hospitalized children through fiberoptic bronchoscope foreign body removing since September 2010 to July 2013 in Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital.All of the children whose age from 8 months to 11 years were diagnosed of tracheal-bronchial foreign body.Among 56 cases,30 cases were operated with deep sedation anesthesia(deep sedation anesthesia group),and 26 cases with general anesthesia(general anesthesia group).The clinical effect of the two kinds of anesthesia were compared.Results The success rate of foreign bodies in deep sedation anesthesia group and general anesthesia group were 83.33％ and 96.15％ respectively (P ＞ 0.05),there were no statistical differences in oxygen desaturation (86.67 ％ vs 92.31％),cyanosis(30.00％ vs 26.92％),bleeding (16.67％ vs 15.38％),fever (6.67％ vs 3.85％),voice hoarse (40.00％ vs 34.62％),vomiting (26.67 ％ vs 19.23 ％),and other complications between two groups (P ＞ 0.05,respectively).There were significant differences in the rate of choking cough(11.54％ vs 93.33％) and resistance (0 vs 73.33％) between general anesthesia group and deep sedation anesthesia group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the deep sedation anesthesia group,the average hospitalization cost[(4 718.73 ± 1 012.61) (￥) vs (4 050.25 ± 1 176.75) (￥)] was bigger,and the average setup time [(18.54 ± 3.46) min vs (6.50-± 1.70) min] was longer,but the average removal of foreign body time [(13.32 ± 6.38) min vs (39.52 ± 15.68) min] was smaller in general anesthesia group,there were significant differences between two groups(P ＜ 0.05,respectively),while there was no statistical difference in the average hospitalization days [(5.46 ± 1.65) d vs (5.67 ± 1.65) d] between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with the deep sedation anesthesia,the success rate of removal foreign bodies is higher,and the removal foreign body time as well as comfort are all significantly improved through general anesthesia,but the average hospitalization cost and average preparation time of general anesthesia are bigger than those of deep sedation anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of COX-2 and telomerase activity in esophageal carcinoma tissues(ECT)and resection margin of the esophagus(RME),and to analyze their diagnostic and prognostic value for esophageal carcinoma.Methods The expression of COX-2 and telomerase activity in ECT and RME was examined in 82 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 40 normal esophageal epithelium tissues(NEET) by tissue array with EnVision imimunohistochemistry.Their correlations with the clinicopathologic factors were analyzed statistically.Results The positive expression rates of COX-2 and telomerase in ECT and RME were significantly higher than those in NEET(82.9 ％,29.3 ％vs 12.5 ％;and 87.8 ％,18.3 ％vs 5.0 ％;respectively;all P ＜ 0.05).The expression of COX-2 and telomerase in ECT and RME was correlated to TNM stage,tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis (all P ＜0.01),while both expression in RME was closely related to anastomotic recurrence following resection of esophageal carcinoma (P＜0.01).The survival rate in esophageal carcinoma patients with the positive expression of COX-2 and telomerase in RME could be much lower than those with negative expression of COX-2 and telomerase in RME (P=0.000,Log-rank test).COX-2 expression was positively correlated to telomerase in ECT and RME (r=0.786,0.218,P＜0.05).Conclusion COX-2 and telomerase might be important biological markers for malignant transformation and invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma.The activity of COX-2 and telomerase in RME could prognosticate anastomotic recurrence,and could be potential biomarkers evaluate the surgical treatment and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations and characteristics of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children, and improve the diagnosis and treatment of foreign bodies.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies confirmed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy between January 2010 to December 2019.The children with tracheobronchial foreign body who were treated in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Gansu Province.Results:A total of 967 cases were operated by soft electronic bronchoscope, and foreign bodies were removed by means of foreign body forceps or nets.Among them, 19 cases(3 cases with subglottic foreign bodies, one with row of pins, and the rest 15 cases with foreign bodies completely wrapped by granulation)were not removed, two cases were spontaneously coughed, and 946 cases (97.8%)were removed.Bronchial foreign bodies in children were more common in boys, with the ratio of male to female being 2.14∶1.The main age of onset was 1-3 years old(88.8%). The incidence was slightly higher in rural areas than that in urban areas(46.5% in urban areas, 53.5% in rural areas). Foreign bodies were inhaled most in March and least in June.From the perspective of season, winter and spring were more than summer and autumn.The foreign body types inhaled were mainly exogenous plant foreign body, accounting for 93.0%, among which peanut(31.7%)and melon seeds(19.2%)were the most common.The duration of foreign body inhalation was up to 347 cases(35.9%)in 1-3 days.There were 501 cases(51.8%)with endoscopic endobronchial inflammation, and 196 cases of children with varying degrees of granulomatous hyperplasia, accounting for 39.1% and 20.3% of the total.The foreign body in the right bronchus accounted for 50.0% and the left bronchus for 43.7%.There were 793 cases confirmed by imaging, with a positive rate of 81.9%, and 90.9% confirmed by CT.Conclusion:About 88.8% of tracheobronchial foreign bodies occurred in 1 to 3 years of age.The occurrence of foreign bodies had obvious gender, urban-rural and seasonal distribution characteristics, and more cases were male, in rural and winter as well as spring.

Objective To explore the mechanism of cell apoptosis of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and protein expression related to this process after long term exposure to sodium arsenite (NaAsO2,1.0 μmol/L).Methods Malignant transformation model was set up through long-term exposure of HaCaT cells to 1.0 μmol/L NaAsO2.Cell passage for 0,1,7,14,21,28 and 35 generations in the process of malignant transformation were collected for measurement of cell apoptosis rate by flow cytometry,and apoptosis related proteins by Western blotting,including activation of cysteine protease 3,8 (cleaved-caspase-3,8),C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP),B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2),and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax).Results Along with the arsenite treatment,the apoptosis levels were significantly decreased (F =26.770,all P ＜ 0.05),the apoptosis levels (0.307 ± 0.049,0.213 ± 0.055,0.163 ± 0.057,0.147 ± 0.035,0.053 ± 0.012) of the 7th,14th,21st,28th and 35thgenerations of cells after arsenite treatment were lower than that of control group of the 0th generation (0.393 ±0.021,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared between generations,there were statistical differences of the protein expression levels of cleaved-caspase-3,Chop,Bax and Bcl-2 in arsenite group (cleaved-caspase-3:1.000 ± 0.000,1.030 ± 0.027,1.104 ± 0.069,1.016 ± 0.087,0.838 ± 0.075,0.753 ± 0.082,0.677 ± 0.073;Chop:1.000 ± 0.000,1.059 ± 0.018,0.934 ± 0.095,0.976 ± 0.216,0.793 ± 0.136,0.651 ± 0.042,0.564 ± 0.056;Bax:1.000 ± 0.000,1.069 ± 0.037,1.028 ± 0.042,0.954 ± 0.118,0.641 ± 0.135,0.531 ± 0.132,0.429 ± 0.085;Bcl-2:1.000 ± 0.000,1.072 ± 0.023,1.249 ± 0.134,1.334 ± 0.143,1.633 ± 0.221,1.507 ± 0.152,1.461 ± 0.145,F =7.730,7.355,27.802,12.438,all P ＜ 0.05),compared with control group of the 0th generation (1.000 ± 0.000) and the same generation control group (1.000 ± 0.000),after the 21st generation,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05),while there was no difference of the protein expression levels of cleaved-caspase-8 (F =0.832,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In the process of malignant transformation,the apoptosis levels of HaCaT cells are inhibited after long term sodium arsenite exposure through mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathways.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of severe infant laryngomalacia diagnosed by flexible bronchoscopy,and to investigate the effectiveness and safety of treatment on it.Methods Data of 29 severe laryngomalacia patients from Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital diagnosed by flexible bronchoscopy were analyzed from March 2013 to July 2015,retrospectively.Twelve cases of them received laser therapy under balanced intravenous anesthesia.Preoperative and postoperative pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2),pulmonary function,and dyspnea index were analyzed statistically.Results After supraglottoplasty with laser,the findings were as follows:SpO2(94.26 ± 1.30) ％,tidal volume (6.11 ± 0.77) mL/kg,time to peak tidal expiratory flow/expiratory time 27.42 ±3.51,volume at time of peak expiratory flow/expiratory volume 30.95 ± 5.46,and dyspnea index 1.95 ± 1.05;while preoperative findings were SpO2 (82.45 ± 1.35)％,tidal volume(5.30 ± 1.03) mL/kg,time to peak tidal expiratory flow/expiratory time 27.42 ± 3.51,volume at time of peak expiratory flow/expiratory volume 21.93 ± 7.23,and dyspnea index 2.75 ± 0.84,respectively,and there were significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative therapy (all P ＜ 0.05).Complications were not observed over the next 6 months after operations.Conclusions Severe infant laryngomalacia has influence on living quality of patients,which can be diagnosed by flexible bronchoscopy.Laser therapy is a safe effective cure for it.

Covalent organic nanospheres(CONs)were explored as a fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction of genotoxic impurities(GTIs)from active ingredients(AIs).CONs were synthesized by an easy solution-phase procedure at 25℃.The obtained nanospheres exhibited a high specific surface area,good ther-mostability,high acid and alkali resistance,and favorable crystallinity and porosity.Two types of GTIs,alkyl halides(1-iodooctane,1-chlorobenzene,1-bromododecane,1,2-dichlorobenzene,1-bromooctane,1-chlorohexane,and 1,8-dibromooctane)and sulfonate esters(methyl p-toluenesulfonate and ethyl p-toluenesulfonate),were chosen as target molecules for assessing the performance of the coating.The prepared coating achieved high enhancement factors(5097-9799)for the selected GTIs.The strong affinity between CONs and GTIs was tentatively attributed to T-T and hydrophobicity interactions,large surface area of the CONs,and size-matching of the materials.Combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),the established analytical method detected the GTIs in capecitabine and imatinib mesylate samples over a wide linear range(0.2-200 ng/g)with a low detection limit(0.04-2.0 ng/g),satisfactory recovery(80.03％-109.5％),and high repeatability(6.20％-14.8％)and reproducibility(6.20％-14.1％).Therefore,the CON-coated fibers are promising alternatives for the sensitive detection of GTIs in AI samples.

Objective To study the effectiveness of scleral buckling without subretinal fluid drainage for macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD),and to analyze the correlation between bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the height of foveal subretinal fluid as well as the thickness of central retina measured by optical coherence tomography.Methods The medical records of 27 patients (27 eyes)who underwent scleral buckling without subretinal fluid drainage for macula-on RRD were retrospectively analyzed.The BCVA,height of foveal subretinal fluid and central subfield thickness (CST) were evaluated preoperatively and 1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months and 12 months postoperatively.Results Postoperative BCVA of all eyes were improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant improvement of BCVA was observed after 3 months postoperatively.After surgeries,the height of foveal subretinal fluid as well as the thickness of central foveal retina were correlated with the length of postoperative period significantly,respectively (P ＜ 0.05),but had no correlation with the improvement of postoperative BCVA (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Scleral buckling without subretinal fluid drainage for macula-off RRD improved the BCVA,especially in the first 3 months postoperatively.The postoperative alterations of subretinal fluid and central foveal retinal thickness had no correlation with BCVA.

Objective:To analyze the results of polysomnography(PSG) in 523 children, and explore the sleep monitoring results and related influencing factors of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods:The PSG monitoring results of children with OSAHS and non-OSAHS were analyzed for children aging from 0 to 16 years old, who were monitored at Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019.Results:A total of 523 children underwent PSG monitoring during the past 5 years.The male to female ratio was 1∶0.47, of which 66.9%(350/523)were children with OSAHS.The average proportion of rapid eye movement sleep was 1.95%(7.7/394). The height of non-OSAHS group was significantly higher than that of OSAHS group[(108.72±16.39)cm vs.(104.80±16.60)cm, P=0.016]. The incidence of OSAHS decreased with age( P=0.038). The apnea index, hypopnea index, apnea hypopnea index, obstructive apnea index, microarousal index, oxygen desaturation index, mean apnea time, and longest apnea time in the OSAHS group were higher than those in the non-OSAHS group( P<0.05). And the lowest oxygen saturation and the mean oxygen saturation during sleep were lower than those in the non-OSAHS group( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis on the clinical data of OSAHS children showed that open mouth breathing and snoring at night had significant effects on children′s OSAHS, and the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:PSG is of great significance for the diagnosis of OSAHS.The more severe the degree of OSAHS, the worse severe the night sleep hypoxemia.PSG should be recommended before taking any treatment for children with sleep disorders.