Organotin compounds are extensively used in industry, agriculture, medicine and so on, but they may cause serious environmental pollution. Source of organotin in environment, impacts on human body, pollution to environment and methods of analysis were reviewed in the present paper.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the contents of Cu,Zn and Mn in Ejiao,a kind of Chinese traditional medicine.METHOD:The contents of Cu,Zn and Mn were determined by derivative flame atomic absorption spectrometry (DFAAS) after digested by HNO3-HClO4.RESULTS:The contents of Cu,Zn and Mn were 10.48,12.38 and 18.09μg.g-1 respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The DFAAS possesses higher sensitivities,lower detection limits and better precision.

Objective:To study the methods of PCR ELISA in testing the RNA of platelet activating factor receptor.Methods:Extracting the total RNA of 20 normal people and 20 psoriasis patients,the PAF R and ? actin RNA assayed by RT PCR,PAF R sense labelled by Biotin and antisense labelled by Digoxin,? actin sense labelled by Biotin and antisense labelled by fluorescein.The results of PCR were tested by ELISA and Agar gel electrophoresisa.Results:The positive number of PAF R RNA was 16 by Agar gel electrophoresis and 18 by PCR ELISA in 20 normal people;The positive number of PAF R RNA was 18 by Agar gel electrophoresisa and 20 by PCR ELISA in 20 Psoriasis patients;The positive number of ? actin was 20 in two groups with two methods.Conclusion:The sense and antisense labelled by different substance in PCR ELISA has high sensitivity and the course was simple in testing the PAF R RNA.

The idea of establishing Shanghai Academy of Medical Sciences was brought forward　in the background of great external changes.It was to meet the demand for resolving all kinds of　conflicts about researches arised from the long time operation of Medical Institutes in Shanghai.This　article mainly discusses about the necessity and plans for establishing Shanghai Academy of Medical　Sciences.

Medical research institutions in Shanghai have been developing in at a slow pace because of problems such as out of date institution structures, unreasonable resource allocation and distribution,shortage of research resources, insufficient creativity, and unfocused effort and investment. Hence reform is the only way out. This research discussed the possible strategies for development and proposed some suggestions on the institution categorization, structure change, allocation of resource and overall arrangement.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of interleukin (IL)-17C in mice undergoing kidney transplantation. Methods The life-supporting kidney transplantation mice models were established using Balb/c (H-2K^d) mice as the donors, IL-17C gene knock out (IL-17CKO) mice (knockout group) and C57BL/6J(H-2K^b) mice (wild group) were chosen as the recipients. The postoperative body mass and survival time of mice were statistically compared between two groups. Pathological examination of the kidney graft was performed by using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The expression levels of granzyme B, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and IL-1β messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the kidney graft tissue were quantitatively measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The proportion of inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney graft tissue was detected by flow cytometry. Results In the knockout group, the survival time of mice after kidney transplantation was significantly shorter than that of the wild mice (P=0.031). The body mass was more evidently decreased in the knockout group with no statistical significance from that in the wild group. Pathological examination demonstrated that the kidney graft injury in the knockout group was significantly worse than that in the wild group. The mRNA expression levels of granzyme B, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 mRNA in the knockout group were significantly up-regulated compared with those in the wild group (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of IL-1β showed a decreasing trend with no statistical significance (P=0.16). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the infiltration of CD45⁺CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺ neutrophil and CD45⁺CD11b⁺Ly6C^hi monocyte in the kidney graft of knockout mice was significantly higher compared with that of the wild mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), whereas the infiltration of CD45⁺Ly6C^hiF4/80⁺ macrophage did not significantly differ between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions IL-17C participates in the regulation of inflammatory response after kidney transplantation. It can alleviate acute rejection and improve the survival of kidney graft by down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of fluoride exposure on expression of miRNA (miR)-200c and its target in human osteoblast Saos-2 cells.Methods Saos-2 cells were cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium and treated with fluoride (sodium fluoride,NaF).There were two groups including:control group (0 mg/L) and fluoride group (4 mg/L).Cells were harvested after 48 hours of culture with fluoride.The expression of miR-200c,the mRNA of alkaline phosphatase (ALP),osteocalcin (BGP),the target phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and dual-specific phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) of miR-200c was detected by qRT-PCR.The protein expression of PTEN and DUSP1 was detected by Western blotting.Results The expressions of ALP,BGP mRNA and miR-200c in Saos-2 cells in the fluoride group (23.60 ± 1.87,9.41 ± 0.94,8.61 ± 0.26) were higher than those in the control group (1.00 ± 0.11,1.00 ± 0.07,1.00 ± 0.12).The differences were statistically significant (t =-24.084,-18.388,-8.687,P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expressions of PTEN and DUSP1 in the fluoride group (0.63 ± 0.02,0.38 ± 0.02) were lower than those in the control group (1.02 ± 0.24,1.02 ± 0.24).The differences were statistically significant (t =3.327,5.454,P ＜ 0.05).The protein expressions of PTEN and DUSP1 in Saos-2 cells in the fluoride group (1.19 ± 0.10,0.83 ± 0.07) were lower than those in the control group (1.81 ± 0.14,1.44 ± 0.25).The differences were statistically significant (t =6.250,4.171,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Exposure to fluorine may increase the expression of miR-200c in Saos-2 cells,and fluorine may act on PTEN and DUSP1 through miR-200c,downregulates the mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN and DUSP1.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and the current lung cancer screening and treatment strategies are constantly improving, but its 5-year survival rate is still very low, which seriously endangers human health. Therefore, it is critical to explore new biomarkers to provide personalized treatment and improve the prognosis. Cuproptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death, which is due to the accumulation of excess copper ions in the cell, eventually leading to cell death, which has been suggested by studies to be closely related to the occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, this study explored the association between cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) and LUAD prognosis, established a prognostic risk model, and analyzed the interaction between CRGs and LUAD immune cell infiltration. METHODS: The RNA-seq data of LUAD tissue and paracancerous or normal lung tissue were downloaded from the TCGA database; the RNA-seq data of normal lung tissue was downloaded from the Genotype-tissue Expression (GTEx) database, and the data of 462 lung adenocarcinoma cases were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository (GEO) as verification. T the risk score model to assess prognosis was constructed by univariate Cox and Lasso-Cox regression analysis, and the predictive ability of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve. Immune-related and drug susceptibility analysis was further performed on high- and low-risk groups. RESULTS: A total of 1656 CRGs and 1356 differentially expressed CRGs were obtained, and 13 CRGs were screened out based on univariate Cox and Lasso-Cox regression analysis to construct a prognostic risk model, and the area under the curves (AUCs) of ROC curves 1-, 3- and 5- year were 0.749, 0.740 and 0.689, respectively. Further study of immune-related functions and immune checkpoint differential analysis between high- and low-risk groups was done. High-risk groups were more sensitive to drugs such as Savolitinib, Palbociclib, and Cytarabine and were more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The risk model constructed based on 13 CRGs has good prognostic value, which can assist LUAD patients in individualized treatment, and provides an important theoretical basis for the treatment and prognosis of LUAD.
Humans ; Adenocarcinoma/genetics* ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Prognosis ; Copper ; Apoptosis

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of different doses of acetamide on the histopathology in the cerebral cortex of rats with tetramine (TET) poisoning and to provide a basis for the treatment of fluoroacetamide poisoning with acetamide.

METHODSEighty clean Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: saline control group,dimethylsulfoxide water solution control group,TET poisoning group, acetamide (2.88 g/kg/d) treatment group, and acetamide (5.68 g/kg/d) treatment group, with 16 rats in each group. Rats in the poisoning group and treatment groups were poisoned with TET by intragastric administration after fasting; then, saline was injected intramuscularly into rats of the poisoning group, and different doses of acetamide were injected intramuscularly into rats of treatment groups; the course of treatment was 5 d. At 3 h, 12 h, 48 h, and 7 d after treatment, the cerebral cortex was harvested from rats in each group, and the histopathological changes in the cerebral cortex were evaluated under light and electron microscopes.

RESULTSThe light microscopy showed that the TET poisoning group had hypoxia changes in the cerebral cortex, which worsened over time; the treatment groups had reduced hypoxia changes, and the acetamide (2.88 g/kg/d) treatment group had more reduction than the acetamide (5.68 g/kg/d) treatment group. The electron microscopy showed that the apoptosis of neuronal cells were the main pathological changes in the TET poisoning group; the treatment groups had reduced apoptotic changes, and the acetamide (2.88 g/kg/d) treatment group had more reduction than the acetamide (5.68 g/kg/d) treatment group.

CONCLUSIONNo pathological changes associated with the synergistic toxic effect of acetamide and TET are found in the cerebral cortex. Acetamide (2.88 g/kg/d) could reduce central nervous lesions, but the efficacy is not improved after increasing the dose. For patients who cannot be identified with TET or fluoroacetamide poisoning, acetamide could be considered for treatment.

Acetamides ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; toxicity ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley