ObjectiveTo investigate the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in the protection against tubular epithelial cells (TEC) ischemia/reperfusion (IR)injury induced by pretreatment with ethanol.Methods Mouse primary cultured TECs were pretreated with 50 mM ethanol 3 h before simulation of in vitro IR.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was assessed to evaluate the protection of ethanol pretreatment on IR injury.Thereafter,TECs were transfected with a negative control siRNA (NC) or an ALDH2-siRNA. The ALDH2 protein levels and ALDH enzymatic activities were assessed 48 h after transfection.Ethanol pretreatment and in vitro IR were performed on those transfected TECs.LDH release was assessed to evaluate the role of ALDH2 in the ethanol pretreatment-induced protection against IR injury.ResultsEthanol pretreatment significantly reduced the LDH release in TECs upon IR insult.As compared with NC group and INTERFERin group,the ALDH2 protein levels were decreased by 82.1％,ALDH enzymatic activities were decreased hy 67.3％,and the protective effect induced by ethanol pretreatment was almost completely abrogated in ALDH2-siRNA group.ConclusionEthanol pretreatment protects TECs against IR injury through ALDH2 dependent pathways.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of interleukin (IL)-17C in mice undergoing kidney transplantation. Methods The life-supporting kidney transplantation mice models were established using Balb/c (H-2K^d) mice as the donors, IL-17C gene knock out (IL-17CKO) mice (knockout group) and C57BL/6J(H-2K^b) mice (wild group) were chosen as the recipients. The postoperative body mass and survival time of mice were statistically compared between two groups. Pathological examination of the kidney graft was performed by using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The expression levels of granzyme B, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and IL-1β messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the kidney graft tissue were quantitatively measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The proportion of inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney graft tissue was detected by flow cytometry. Results In the knockout group, the survival time of mice after kidney transplantation was significantly shorter than that of the wild mice (P=0.031). The body mass was more evidently decreased in the knockout group with no statistical significance from that in the wild group. Pathological examination demonstrated that the kidney graft injury in the knockout group was significantly worse than that in the wild group. The mRNA expression levels of granzyme B, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 mRNA in the knockout group were significantly up-regulated compared with those in the wild group (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of IL-1β showed a decreasing trend with no statistical significance (P=0.16). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the infiltration of CD45⁺CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺ neutrophil and CD45⁺CD11b⁺Ly6C^hi monocyte in the kidney graft of knockout mice was significantly higher compared with that of the wild mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), whereas the infiltration of CD45⁺Ly6C^hiF4/80⁺ macrophage did not significantly differ between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions IL-17C participates in the regulation of inflammatory response after kidney transplantation. It can alleviate acute rejection and improve the survival of kidney graft by down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of light acute hypervolemic hemodilution on early postop-erative cognitive function in elderly patients. Methods A total of 60 patients treated by radical surgery were equally randomized to an AHH and a non-AHH control group.Using the Mini-Mental State Examination scale (MMSE),we evaluated the cognitive function of the patients.We made comparisons between the two groups in the plasma S100β levels at T0(before anesthesia induction),T1(immediately after hemodilution),T2(immediately after operating),T(36 hour after operating)and T(424 hour after operating).Results The S-100β lever at T2、T3 and T4were markedly higher than T0in both groups(P<0.05);At T3and T4,the S-100β lever was higher in non-AHH control group than AHH group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postopera-tive cognitive dysfunction between the two groups(P>0.05)There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction between the two groups(P > 0.05). Conclusions AHH can significantly reduce plasma S100β in elderly patients,but there is no effect on early postoperative cognitive function.

Objective:To evaluate the recurrence and progression of patients with pT1 high grade urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UCB) and glandular differentiation.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological information of 208 patients diagnosed as pT1 high grade urothelial carcinoma in the Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin from January 2006 to February 2019.Among them, 78 cases were diagnosed as glandular differentiation (UCGD), the other 130 patients without histologic variants were served as control. The UCGD group included 62 male and 16 female, whose median age was 67 years old (range 38-81 years old). The control group contained 105 male and 25 female, whose median age was 66 years old (range 40-82 years old). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictors of oncologic outcomes.Results:The disease recurrence rate and progression rate in UCGD group were 65.4% (51/78) and 28.2% (22/78), higher than 38.5%(50/130) and 14.6%(19/130) of control group ( P<0.05). The median recurrence time in UCGD group was 41 months while 55 months in the control group. The median progression time in UCGD group was 39 months while 54 months in the control group. According to the univariate analysis, largest tumor size ( P=0.030), UCGD ( P=0.003) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) ( P=0.032) were associated with disease recurrence. UCGD ( P=0.036) and LVI ( P=0.011) were associated with progression. Additionally, Cox multivariate analysis revealed that UCGD ( P=0.001), LVI ( P=0.038) were the independent factors of disease recurrence. UCGD ( P=0.007) and LVI ( P=0.037) were also found to be the independent factors of disease progression. Conclusions:Patients with T1 stage UCB and UCGD are at higher risk of disease recurrence and progression. Therefore, these patients should be followed up closely after being diagnosed and undergo individual treatment according to the situation.

Objective:To evaluate the recurrence and progression of patients with pT1 high grade urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UCB) and glandular differentiation.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological information of 208 patients diagnosed as pT1 high grade urothelial carcinoma in the Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin from January 2006 to February 2019.Among them, 78 cases were diagnosed as glandular differentiation (UCGD), the other 130 patients without histologic variants were served as control. The UCGD group included 62 male and 16 female, whose median age was 67 years old (range 38-81 years old). The control group contained 105 male and 25 female, whose median age was 66 years old (range 40-82 years old). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictors of oncologic outcomes.Results:The disease recurrence rate and progression rate in UCGD group were 65.4% (51/78) and 28.2% (22/78), higher than 38.5%(50/130) and 14.6%(19/130) of control group ( P<0.05). The median recurrence time in UCGD group was 41 months while 55 months in the control group. The median progression time in UCGD group was 39 months while 54 months in the control group. According to the univariate analysis, largest tumor size ( P=0.030), UCGD ( P=0.003) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) ( P=0.032) were associated with disease recurrence. UCGD ( P=0.036) and LVI ( P=0.011) were associated with progression. Additionally, Cox multivariate analysis revealed that UCGD ( P=0.001), LVI ( P=0.038) were the independent factors of disease recurrence. UCGD ( P=0.007) and LVI ( P=0.037) were also found to be the independent factors of disease progression. Conclusions:Patients with T1 stage UCB and UCGD are at higher risk of disease recurrence and progression. Therefore, these patients should be followed up closely after being diagnosed and undergo individual treatment according to the situation.